Oe reg i re Se were
| ON EET POM ALY pe Pepe Pb PT phe pape > aay,
ill Mh hd A \ fs pres po pi ibd a aclaann
Ley J Ae Lecce
hy oo TS
Po wl ou
“OY ie: " Totti
dest Lee Lp FG ete ‘yO a we {y ¥ y ¥ ‘ef >. a i 7 | 2 a aa ta al aes! | Loree , ~a, { \ ar +@ah es >: fraireet inne ea
° » ‘> > ae eo Oo» - =. se ; ; | 4 par; Woe Pe iNReaten, brie Re et
| eats
gui We
oy An a” He y er ~~ S eA uate oA Ae
Samay me ee Res
=e ;
=, \apeeeas Ly r
TNL werritty | VY
Save
er : baie
+4
the Ter ete + ys
PAK. '%
Seo a Fy CE toes ay 4 ae
a yey TY a
ha PAVLRY wns Wit
pun aaieieds (he eh An: tee iy MI se) f* ? i ee wr CN gee unaaee 6 : , - Ree. ny
Pak AAnrierdlal ak " - lh veep er | al peNneenel
sav oe fa rie tS, , Aleaanese
rt AA gy
NAN Or oa | ay 4a he
i] q @a mR Ht 2 ve Te .
’ vn all a a. ~~, Uae rear BR we ay pay: hy re Wye WNgp paar Pee eee
nx Men li Sana aT)
th 4s
Pld a UP nye al”
aa ee Ree, aa fs byl Vaca d | HPL, yee ed: ayy, Hila ; : cee basa RAL abe eb ihi MysiNn we Pape Eg \p ar eet THM esge Mout 10. ba
Nuge ao YY WelteNEh tal Ddcididdan abe Alig, eA ikie Mecereeze <a ‘usurag welll” sla mw Nl i Lewckeewe: a
> > 4 Lal Vos | 14 I | dal ab Ve, | Dh Bes Alaa Hd a pa geasan A PTTL) PY ca awe (tree LTH af an a aA a an nr + par fy r) ‘he dada’ Ss oy y 2 ater nd 4 Py ABS % Raa, PJ = Ay FL wm Laan an* Way ps a" el ered ectrteleat Ahn lair ToL haw Te ius
sant we a "dy Wha 41 yy api palpy dekolte hate:
© Boe) ¥ nie ¥ wee PF lel els to. One eee YT ieee Ya Peis SZ a Rey |S aididiaee ae
Mat wine
ere “er ai Mol
ive eae ug
eh iti
| AE RS
Me ae
i 7 NS i
er el sae Kea 2
ae:
yl Ae et
ay in ‘ ue]
THE ANNALS
AND
MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.
INCLUDING
ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, ann GEOLOGY.
(BEING A CONTINUATION OF THK ‘ANNALS’ COMBINED WITH LOUDON AND CHARLESWORTH’S ‘ MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,’ )
CONDUCTED BY
WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, Ph.D., F.R.S., F.LS., F.G.S., ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, M.A., Sc.D., F.R.S., F.Z.S.,
AND
RICHARD T. FRANCIS, F.Z.8.. ~——“—— o a0 In
a S } S{it
Sitional Mus?
tl
LONDON: PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,
SOLD BY BAILLINRE, PARIS; AND HODGES, FIGGIS, AND CO., DUBLIN,
1919,
Ue Be R 254517
XS
\ 4
ae
; f
«“Omnes res create sunt divine sapientiz et potentiz testes, divitie felicitatis humane :—ex harum usu Jonitas Creatoris; ex pulchritudine sapzentia Domini; ex ceconomid in conservatione, proportione, renovatione, potentia majestatis elucet. Harum itaque indagatio ab hominibus sibi relictis semper eestimata ; & veré eruditis et sapientibus semper exculta; male doctis et barbaris semper inimica fuit.”—Linnaus.
“Quel que soit le principe de la vie animale, il ne faut qu’ouvrir les yeux pour voir qu’elle est le chef-d’ceuvre de la Toute-puissance, et le but auquel se rappor- tent toutes ses opérations.”’—Bruckner, Théorie du Systéme Animal, Leyden, 1767.
sie wieis eres « ~ «) Lhe sylvan powers Obey our summons; from their deepest dells The Dryads come, and throw their garlands wild And odorous branches at our feet; the Nymphs That press with nimble step the mountain-thyme And purple heath-flower come not empty-handed, But scatter round ten thousand forms minute Of velvet moss or lichen, torn from rock Or rifted oak or cavern deep: the Naiads too | Quit their loved native stream, from whose smooth face They crop the lily, and each sedge and rush That drinks the rippling tide: the frozen poles, Where peril waits the bold adventurer’s tread, The burnmg sands of Borneo and Cayenne, AU, all to us unlock their secret stores And pay their cheerful tribute. J. Taytor, Norwich, 1818.
ALERE Q& FLAMMAM.
CONTENTS OF VOL, IV.
[NINTH SERIES.]
NUMBER 19,
I. Papers on Oriental Carabde—lU. By H. KE. ANDREWEs....
II. The Myth of the Ship-holder: a Postscript. By E. W. GupGeEr, American Museum of Natural History, New York City..
III. Systematic Notes on a few Melolonthine Coleoptera. By CUBE Ds AR OW cid Ce ater, )te..tk gets o'ecsierdlelaigwiv er vaicig marecn's « As
IV. On a small Collection of Mammals from Lumbo, Mozam-
iquoe. By OLpFInLD THOMAS 4... cc.cne+- ses scr oes sao eros
V. A List of the Freshwater Fishes of Sierra Leone. By G. A. AS eo AGENCE MOL Io Em ire, S'eia/e: 0% ais ccois\ weal oae © wiaMeaTy Spstera! el her eae 8 as
VI. Notes on the Ichnewmonideé in the British Museum.—L1. By Rowxanp E. Turner, F.ZS., FLEAS. 0.0.20 0e oe. sisi gies :
VII. Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera, — XXXVIII. On new Ethiopian Species. By Rowvanp H. Turner, F.Z.8., FES. ....
Proceedings of the Geological Society... .. 0... ccc cc eee ete ees
Page
1
21
29
co for)
tk
iv CONTENTS.
NUMBER 20. aon Page VIII. Descriptions of New Pyralide of the Subfamilies Cram-
bine and Sigine. By Sir Grorce F, Hampson, Bart., F.Z.8., &e. 53
TX. Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera.—XXXIX. New Sphecoidea collected in Palestine by Major E. KE. Austen. By Row1anp E. PGRN ERs HiZiy5 slic pete eee bees) otis Sia eerie wut eaten Boe
X. Descriptions of new Species and Genera of the Heteropterous Family Reduviide from British India. By W. L. DistanT ..... met |
XI. On the Discovery of Two Species of Brachycheteumide, a Minor Group of Millipedes peculiar to the British Isles. By : RICHARD IS. DAGNATL AME iS. s/. cians steele eke bee AW ra Br ee aS
XII. New Species and Genera of Nymphalide, Syntomide, and Sphingide in the Joicey Collection. By W. J. Kayx, F.E.S. .... 84
XIII. A new Species of the Nematode Genus Crossocephalus from the Rhinoceros. By H. A. Bayits, M.A... .. eee eee eae coeeeane 94
XIV. Descriptions and Records of Bees—LXXXVI. By T. D. A.
CocKERELL, University of Colorado ...... ccc reece nese ee eenes 98
NUMBER 21. XV. Notes on Platypodide and Scolytide collected by Mr. G. E. Bryant and others. By Lt.-Col. Wiyn Sampson, OB DBSR Amann! 01,
XVI. On acurious Malformation in Tenia saginata. By H. A. TVA ATS VGA aw ras inn le lellefafe isis = in) foils le= MAU octave crepoletabe ters Glmieleds .. 114
XVII. Indo-Malayan and Australian Noctwide. By Colonel C. SwinHoE, M.A., F.L.S., &e..... RA an 4B aa aaadecses So4acA 118
XVIII. A new Species of Euneomys from Patagonia. By OLpD-
ATRL LEONA! | fee catecmhe ledate tatcielecsconeraiete| ere! efels (el elaneyaliuaethnfereie jo\ei(e/(01 127.
CONTENTS. Vv
Page
XIX. List of Mammals from the Highlands of Jujuy, North Argentina, collected by Sr. E. Budin. By OLprieLp THomas.... 128
XX. Two apparently undescribed Species of Cicadide from Tropical Africa. By W. L. Disvant...,.......... We arag to, otis 4 as) Loo
XXI. Descriptions of New Pyralide of the Subfamilies. Cram- bine and Sigine, By Sir GrorcE F, Hampson, Bart., F.Z.S., &c. 137
XXII. Two new Rodents from Tartagal, Salta, N. Argentina. rye ge REED PETOMVAS © 2.0.55 5 30a. «10 « » 0) 0/8.6.8 sin sina ietnere ede? poeple
NUMBER 22,
XXIII. Notes on the African and Asiatic Species of Melyris, Fab. (sensu lato), with an Account of their Sexual Characters. By G2. CHAMPION, FZ.5¢ 0 eis 3's Bt oo) ARMS aio" ates So Gin Oar ¢ nen BY,
XXIV. A Contribution to the Study of South Indian Arach- nology. By W. Rak Suerrirrs, M.A., D.Sc., formerly Professor of Zoology, Madras Christian College, Madras, (Plates II-VI.) .. 220
XXV. Brief Descriptions of new Thysanoptera.—X. By Ricuarp Pr NAME Bary Fe eseSipe at ag gas chs nh 6, sUebals thes niet Wioelic «bin SITS OF gee woo we isis 253
XXVI. New Species and Forms in the Joicey Collection. By Louw BE. Prour ........ svelte oreines datas siatere fet; eiailelw pieyorats ened E,
XXVII. Notes on the Genus Cricetomys, with Descriptions of Four new Forms. By Martin A.C. HINTON ............00000. 282
XXVIII. The Method of taking the Incisive Index in Rodents. WRC TIECEIGE Tipe CEL OQNPAS gr hci chara: «> s1+ gjss doicin ois! =.» s[aelele arate, ele) oles: 6 sivys 289
XXIX. Papers on Oriental Carabide.—llIl. By H. E. An- Po REIS WiCE Sie ota at ta vie nl ai} s) 2-0) 0) ler acoiaus, «eli owl Aber och aecr yan Gis «i shale -- 290
XXX. New Forms of South-American Birds. By CHARLES Cuuss, F.Z.8., M.B.0.U., Zoological Department, British Museum PE emt ELIStOGY, ceca, nersielnsycye)sro,sivie.n sadaw ls ale heli oe vcs a vicelelgaetOOL
vl CONTENTS.
NUMBER 23. Page XXXI. Descriptions of New Pyralide of the Subfamilies
Crambine and Sigine. By Sir GrorGE F. Hampson, Bart., F.Z.58.,
XXXII. New Bryozoa from the Kuckers Stage in Esthonia. By Henprik Bexxer, Cand. Geol., University of Tartu (Dorpat). (RE AAO UE aa ero aornn o.oo Sn So ooreoucss4 56 eielsie ge ininte .. 827
XXXIII. Diagnose de Genres nouveaux de Sarcoptides plumi- coles (Analgesine). Par E.-L. Trourssart, Professeur au Muséum INatromalide Paris’ con sic sls. elie sas one Clee tee 336
XXXIV. On the Genus Aorus, Schh. (Coleoptera, Curculionide). yiG oA. 1K MARSA I WESC. oy erie ae eee eae ics OOD
XXXV. Crossophorus collaris, Hemprich & Ehrenberg, a little- known Nematode Parasite of the Hyrax. By H. A. Bayuis, M.A. 343
XXXVI. The Types of the Mammals described by M. Fernand Lataste. By OLDFIELD THOMAS 2.0006 cscc cesta ecn cen snse . 300
XXXVII. Descriptions and Records of Bees—LXXXVII. By T. D. A. CocKERELL, University of Colorado ..............0:0 305
XXXVIII. Notes on the African and Asiatic Species of Melyris, Fab. (sensu lato), with an Account of their Sexual Characters: Supplementary. -.By G.'C, CHaMPIon, E.Z.8, 0.5.50 ose re ceuee 360
NUMBER 24.
XXXIX. On Barnacles of the Genus Megalasma from Deep-sea Telegraph-Cables. By W. T. Carman, D.Sc. .........-. Red eee 361
XL. On Five new Mammals from Java. By Herperr C. ROBINSON and C.. BODEN KLOSS.....%:000000eeeereneves el otaieiein 374
CONTENTS, vil Page XLI. Notes on Ruteline Coleoptera and Descriptions of a few new
Species in the British Museum. By Giusert J. Arrow, F.Z.S., ape SME OM WEIS yea ciciats,< «0 «+ o's daeemeemMertes Mole oss ne rte eae
XLII. On Indo-Chinese Hymenoptera collected by R. Vitalis de Salvaza.—III. By Rowxanp KH. Turner, ¥.Z.S., F.E.S. ........ 385
XLII. A List of the Myriapoda of Ulster. By Nevin H.
TG Sic el OG US eg 6 a7] ne nner co crock a cite 895 XLIV. New Mispine. By 8S. Mautrx, Professor of Zoology in
the University of Calcutta : 407
Gl 0)! 0) (8) eis) 6) 0/6) (a) Wie) 8) @) 01:0) 10) 6010, @)-ui e) 6) a} 6) 8) 0 6 a 8) a) @
New Books:—Studies on Acari.—No. 1. The Genus Demodez, Owen. By Svaniey Hirst
Report on Cetacea stranded on the British Coasts during 1918. Es plas bye EATER CH AEL SY, oe a, sos da ug a bic,wle bei mate eas 412
Hire CeO Na tranches crchcscucbob cas, areies siocaiy cies acs 5
nne* JPLATES EN VOIn Vs ee | _ Puate I. Melolonthine Coleoptera, = bis | ee TL) | he - III. | IV. $South African spiders.
r ; Be | | : ‘ wy F VI. 1s ; P ie . tere eepere
VU. Ordovician Briebeain from Hsthoniss: j yi : VIL. Ruteline Coleoptera. Mf ; a 7 . ie :
NINTH SERIES. No. 19.
THE ANNALS
| MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, ZOOLOGY, oe GEOLOGY, :
CONDUCTED BY
WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, Pu.D., F.R.S., F.LS., F.G.S., _ ARTHUR BE. SHIPLEY, M.A., Sc.D., F.R.S., F.Z.S8.,
AND
RICHARD T. FRANCIS, F.Z.8.
, BEING A CONTINUATION OF THE ‘‘ANNALS” COMBINED WITH ‘MESSRS, LOUDON AND CHARLESWORTH’S “MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.”
WITH ONE PLATE. Mlustrative of Mr, G. J, Arrow’s Paper on a few Melolonthine Coleoptera.
oo 3 LONDON: TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.
Sold by Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent, & Co.. Ld, Bailliére, Paris: and Hodges, Figgis, & Co., Dublin,
WATKINS & DONCASTER,
Raturalists, Keep in stock every kind of APPARATUS ee | CABINETS required by ENTOMOLOGISTS. ORNITH- OLOGISTS, BOTANISTS, &c. Also NESTING-BOXKES, which should be fixed up in gardens or shrubberies - before the breeding Season. sz
A Large Stock of Butterflies, Moths, Birds, Egys, &c.
Full Oatalogue (84 pages) mailed free to any address.
36, STRAND, LONDON, W.C., ENGLAND.
G. A. BENTALL, F.z.s.
CABINETS, Naturalist, BRITISH, Pete Cie a DUDLEY HOUSE, OTe ane Seer yarigma SOUTHAMPTON STREET LEPIDOPTERA, é (Opposite Hotel Cecil), COLEOPTERA, baehe, : BIRDS’ EGGS NETS, STRAND, LONDON, AND SKINS, PINS, ETC. W.C. 2. BOOKS, ETC.
Price Insts post free on request.
Price 12s. 6d.
THE FAUNA. OF BRITISH INDIA
(Including Ceylon and Burma). Published under the authority of the Secretary of State for India in Council,
Medium Svo, with Text Illustrations.
RHYNCHOTA, Vol. VII.
Taytor & Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, E.C. 4. CARRE DSN TN ASA LE, A a TL RT Rates for Advertisements in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History.
One ts, 6 gana Twelve Insertion. Insertions. Insertions. PAGE oe fee 2 0. 0 aie ecch s402. each : All HALF-PAGE -*.=> EI aie : OO bY Be, kearyy Net. QUARTER-PAGE - 12.6 13 ,, 10 O ,, eh
All applications for space to be made to Mr. H. A. COLLINS, 32 Birdhurst Road, Croydon, —
THE ANNALS
AND
MAGAZINE OF NATURAL IISTORY,
[NINTH SERILES.]
OF ome neredeetbacecd per litora spargite muscum, Nuaiades, et circiim vitreos considite fontes: Pollice virgineo teneros hic carpite flores: Floribus et pictum, dive, replete canistrum. At vos, o Nymphe Craterides, ite sub undas ; Ite, recurvato variata corallia trunco Vellite muscosis e rupibus, et mihi conchas Ferte, Dee pelagi, et pingui conchylia succo.” N. Parthenii Giannettusi, Wel
No. 19. JULY 1919.
I.—Papers on Oriental Carabide.—Il. By H. E. ANDREWES,
In this paper I am describing some new species of Chlendus, all of them either from India or from adjoining countries, and giving a few notes on old ones. It is now more than forty years since Chaudoir published (Ann, Mus. Civ. Gen. 1876) his Monograph on this genus and its allies, and since then a Hee number of new species have been described, chiefly —as far as Oriental species go—by H. W. Bates. A general revision is much to be desired, especially in view of eertain defects in the synoptic table preceding the Monograph, viz.
(1) Chaudoir broke up the genus into groups, not into species (although some of the groups contain only a single species). (2) The table, on its second page, goes quite to picces ; the signs used do not properly correspond, and this section is therefore of little use. I hope at some future date to tabulate the Eastern species, but there are as yet too many of them of which I have not seen examples. In the following descrip- tions the extreme measurements of the specimens examined are given after the name ; any measurements given in the course of the description are those of the type-specimen.
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. I
2 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidie.
Chlenius (Homalolachnus) sexguttatus, 3.
Length 14 mm. ; width 5°5 mm.
Black. Clypeus blue-green, head dark copper-red with metallic green margins; prothorax black, with faint blue and green reflections round front angles; elytra blue-black ; labrum, front of front femora, outer margin of front and inter- mediate tibize, and three spots on each elytron flavous ; first three joints of antenne and apex of palpi reddish. Upper surface of prothoiax and elytra with a short yellowish pubescence.
Head small, convex, labrum and elypeus smooth, frontal foveze obsolete, a punctiform impression on each side of front adjoining clypeus ; surface irregularly punctate, more coarsely behind, some fine punctures mingled with the larger ones ; eyes moderately prominent.
Prothorax convex, narrow, very nearly as long as wide, nearly half as wide again as head, sides uniformly rounded, a little more contracted in front than behind, angles obtuse and rounded, a seta on margin at a fifth from base ; median line deep, not reaching extremities, other impressions obsolete ; surface very coarsely and confluently punctate.
Elytra elongate-ovate, half as wide again as prothorax, and nearly three times as long, punctate-striate, intervals mode- rately convex, each with two series of umbilicate punctures, surface dull; front spot very small, elongate, adjoining shoulder, intermediate spot larger, triangular, extending over intervals 4-9 and tapering inwards, hind spot at a fifth from apex, irregularly rounded, extending over same intervals,
Underside shiny, slightly iridescent, coarsely but not closely punctate, ventral surface smooth in middle, finely and sparsely punctate at sides; prosternal process not margined at apex, pilose, metepisterna as long as wide; upper surface of tarsi sparsely pilose.
The species resembles C. panageoides, Chaud., and is about the same size. The eyes are more prominent, prothorax narrower, more convex, more contracted behind, and with a deeper median line. The presence of a shoulder-spot on the elytra at once distinguishes the new species ; the other spots are rather smaller and extend inwards to stria 3 only, whereas in C. panageoides they extend to stria 2 and sometimes to stria 1.
Upper Burma, Maymyo, May 1910 (H. L. Andrewes).
The type, a single g specimen, is in my collection,
Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. 3
Chlenius djaina, Maindr., Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1899, p. 251.
This species was described by Maindron from a ¢ example taken by him at Karachi and two examples taken by Cardon in Chota Nagpur. Mr. Guy Babault has kindly sent me one of the latter, which also proves to bea 9. I have compared this with a specimen in the Pusa Collection from Chapra, Bengal (Mackenzie), which is evidently a ¢ of the same species.
Maindron quite rightly put it in the neighbourhood of C. orbicollis, Chaud. In dealing in his Monograph with this little group, for which he retained Laferté’s name of Ocybatus, Chaudoir (p. 37) describes the palpi, which are of unusual form ; he only knew the g, however, in one species, viz., C. deyrollei, Lat. The g palpi in C. djaina I find to be exactly as described by Chaudoir, but in the ? the apical joint of the labials is quite half as long again as wide.
Maindron says that the pubescence is “ rare,” but in the example from Chota Nagpur it has evidently been rubbed off; in the Chapra example it is camparatively dense and quite well marked on the prothorax.
Chlenitus kanare, o 3.
Length 14 mm. ; width 5 mm,
Black. lead metallic green, prothorax dull copper-red on disk, greenish at sides, blue at extreme margin, elytra eneous- bl.ck, interval 9 faintly blue; femora, tibiz, and base of antennee testaceous; rest of antennz, labrum, palpi (tips lighter), trochanters, and tarsi reddish ; a yellowish apical spot on each elytron. Prothorax and elytra finely pubescent.
Head small, very finely rugose, with a few small punctures ; eyes prominent, antenne slender, joint 3 almost glabrous, very slightly shorter than 4.
Prothorax convex, half as wide again as head, length to width as 3 to 4, more narrowed in front than behiad, widest behind middle, sides rather explanate, hind angles obtuse aud rounded, surface coarsely punctate, more sparsely towards front angles.
Klytra nearly parallel, one-fourth as wide again as_pro- thorax, and three times as long ; border rounded at shoulder, punctate-striate, intervals flat, finely aciculate ; yellow spot near apex from middle of interval 3 to stria 9, the colour extending a little forward on intervals 5 and 6 and backwards on 6-8.
Underside shiny, iridescent, prosternal process bordered 1*
4 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide
at apex, pro- episterna moderately punctate on inner side, metepisterna longer than wide, moderately punctate, with a groove near outer: margin. Front femora (¢) without trace of tooth ; tarsi glabrous on upper surface.
Closely allied to C. neelgheriensis, Guér., but differing in the absence of a tooth on the front femora (3g); antennee more slender, prothorax wider, more coarsely punctate, the punctures more uniformly distributed on disk, not so closely crowded together at base, both pro- and metepisterna with more numerous punctures.
Bombay, North Kanara (7. R. D. Bell), 2 6 S,1 2.
Type (¢) in my collection.
Chlenius multicolor, 3.
Length 15 mm.; width 6 mm.
Black ; head and prothorax metallic green, the Jatter with some faint copper-red colour along median line, and blue reflections at margin, elytra purple-blue ; legs, antennz, palpi, and mouth parts reddish. Prothorax and elytra covered, but not closely, with a grey pubescence.
Head moderately convex, faintly: rugose, a few coarse punctures on sides and vertex, neck closely, finely, and con- fluently punctate; eyes prominent, joint 3 of antenne a third as long again as 4, labrum small, truncate.
Prothorax declivous towards front angles, rather flat behind, not quite twice as wide as head, length to width as 4 to 5, extremities truncate, but sides of base curve towards hind angles; contracted towards apex, which is much uarrower than base, sides with a very fine border, margin explanate, rather widely so towards hind angles, which are obtuse and rounded; median line very fine, not reaching extremities, basal fovece short but fairly deep, not reaching base, surface coarsely and irregularly punctate.
Elytra moderately shiny, elongate-ovate, base bisinuate, border forming an obtuse angle at shoulder, faintly sinuate near apex ; punctate-striate, intervals flat, rather coarsely punctate, more sparsely on disk, very closely at sides.
Underside shiny and iridescent, prosternum moderately punctate, pro-episterna with only one or two stray punctures, prosternal process irregularly depressed but not bordered, inetasternum and metepisterna coarsely punctate, the latter much longer than wide, with an external groove, ventral surface finely and sparsely punctate at sides. Front femora
Mr. HH. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidee. 5
(3) without tooth; upper surface of tarsi very sparsely vilose. I know of no other species with which to compare this. According to Chaudoiv’s table it would come near C, abstersus, Bates, from which it is widely different. Bombay, Belgaum. The type (gd), a unique specimen, is in my collection. I find from my notes that [ took it in July 1886.
Chienius chapanus, 3 ¢. Length 13-14 mm. ; width 4:25-4:75 mm.
Black ; head and prothorax metallic green, side-margins of latter dark green-blue ; legs, antenne, and palpi dark red ; apex of palpi and an apical spot on each elytron red-yellow.
Head (2°25 mm. wide) shiny, convex, closely and finely punctate, the punctures of varying sizes, vertex smoother, finely rugose ; eyes moderately prominent, palpi slender but short, joint 3 of antennz practically glabrous, hardly longer than 4.
Prothorax transverse (3x 2°75 mm.), subcordate, rather flat, truncate at extremities, sides gently rounded, slightly cimaiate before hind angles, which are about right, though rounded, border very fine, reflexed near hind angles ; median line fine, not reaching extremities, basal fovez elongate, fairly deep, surface moderately shiny, closely, more or less confluently, but not very coarsely punctate, more sparsely on disk at each side of median line, pubescence rather long though not obvious.
Elytra (about 8°5 mm. long) elongate, nearly parallel, border rounded at shoulders, rather strongly sinuate before apex, punctulate-striate, intervals flat, the whole surface very finely aciculate-punctate, the punctures transversely confluent, covered with a rather long though not dense yellowish pubes- cence ; the yellowish spot at a fourth from apex, irregularly transverse, covering striae 3-8.
Underside sparsely punctate, nearly glabrous, prosternal process bordered, metepisterna elongate, with a groove along outer margin, along witli metasternum, and sides of ventral surface at base coarsely but not closely punctate. I iont femora (¢) without tooth ; tarsi pubescent on upper surface, joints 1-3 of front tarsi (¢) strongly dilated.
Allied to C. tetragonoderus, Chaud. ; eyes less prominent, antennee much longer, prothorax narrower, much more con- tracted behind, mo:e coarsely and closely punctate, elytra—
6 Mr. I. BE. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide.
owing to the fine and transversely confluent puncturation— more opaque.
Tonkin, Chapa, May 1916 (R. Vitalis de Salvaza),4 33, 1.39.
The type is in the British Museum.
Chlenius vitalist, 3 9.
Length 12-14 mm. ; width 4°25-5 mm.
Black ; head and prothorax metallic green, elytra green, darker (sometimes with faint purplish tinge) on disk; legs, first three joints of antennee (rest brown), and apex of elytra flavous; palpi, margin and epipleure of elytra, margin aud apex of ventral surface yellow-red.
Head (2°5 mm. wide) shiny, convex, minutely rugose, with a few small scattered punctures, eyes prominent, antenne long, joint 3 sparsely pilose, half as long again as 4, palpi slender.
Prothorax transverse (3x 2°75 mm.) moderately shiny, subconvex, truncate in front, base emarginate, widest before middle, sides rounded in front, slightly sinuate behind, hind angles a little obtuse and rounded, side-border very fine ; median line fine, basal foveze deep, curving behind towards hind angles, surface very finely vermiculate-striate, more densely near both front and hind angles, sparsely covered with punctures of moderate size, basal area with some finer punctures as well, middle of base longitudinally striate.
Klytra subconvex and subopaque, nearly three times as long as prothorax, widest a little behind middle, border obtusely angled at shoulder, hardly sinuate towards apex, punctulate-striate, with a row of minute setiferous punctures (visible only when magnified) on each side of the strize, intervals 8 and 9, and the apical area more visibly punctate and pubescent, border dark red for first two-fitths, interval 9 also for next two-fifths, apex widely flavous, with irregular front margin (as in C. drops, Chaud.).
Underside shiny, proepisterna smooth, sides of metasternum and episterna with a few scattered punctures, prosternal process unbordered, shortly pilose. Front femora without tooth, upper surface of tarsi very sparsely punctate, with a few minute sete.
Very closely allied to C. marginifer, Chaud., but differing in the very fine rugosily of both head and prothorax, the latter wider and more contracted behind, surface of elytra less finely shagreened. In C. marginifer strie 8 and Y and the
Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Orvental Carabides. Cl
apex are impunctate, the yellow border extends from shoulder to suture and is hardly wider at apex.
Laos: Vientiane, vi—vii. 1915; Tourakom, vii. 1915; Pak Lane, i. 1918; Ban Nam Mo, iii. 1918 (R. Vitalis de Salvaza), 8 ex., g 2.
Type in the British Museum.
Chlenius tudicus, 8 ¢.
Length 12°5 mm. ; width 4°5 mm.
Black ; head and prothorax metallic green, disk of latter faintly suffused with copper-red, elytra brown-black on disk as far on each side as stria 5, green at sides (in the two Kanarese specimens the prothorax and sides of the elytra are blue-green) ; legs, antennz, palpi, epipleure of elytra, and margin of ventral surface testaceous red; labrum and border of elytra red-brown.
Head smooth, shiny, faintly strigose near eyes, with a few small punctures at sides ; eyes prominent, antennas and palpi slender, former with joint 3 hardly longer than 4.
Prothorax quadrate, a third as wide again as head, only a little wider than long, more contracted in front than behind, widest rather before middle, sides narrowly bordered, faintly sinuate before hind angles, which are obtuse though very little rounded, the sides of the base advancing towards them ; median line fine, not nearly reaching extremities, basal fovez rounded and deep, surface shiny, convex at sides, covered with few but coarse setiferous punctures, irregularly disposed.
Elytra elongate-oval, a third as wide again as prothorax and nearly three times as long, border with an angle at shoulder, punctate-striate, intervals rather flat, the whole surface finely aciculate-punctate and pubescent, the punctura- tion rather closer at sides.
Underside shiny and nearly smooth, metasternum and episterna moderately punctate, sides of ventral surface sparsely punctate and pubescent, prosternal process faintly bordered at apex, with a few sete. Upper surface of tarsi glabrous ; first three joints of front tarsi (g) rather longer than wide.
The species belongs to the C. chalcothorax, Wied., group, and seems most nearly allied to C. privatus, Bates, of which I have seen noexample. The last-named species comes from Burma and is a much larger insect ; it differs also to some extent in colour and has the head coarsely punctate. The coloration of the elytra in C. tudicus (except for the reddish border) is as in C. chalcothorax, but the prothorax is more
8 Mr. If. . Andrewes on Oriental Carabidee.
coarsely and sparsely punctate, and the sinuation of the sides
before the hind angles, though slight, is more evident. Bombay, Belgaum, 6 ex. ¢ 2? ; I took these at the end of
May 1886 on the banks of a small pool near the village
of 'Cudia. Bombay, North Kanara (7. &. D. Bell), 2 ex., 3. The type is in my collection.
Chlenius apollo.
Length 12°0-14°5 mm. ; width 4°75-5°5 mm.
Black ; head and prothorax blue-green, latter usually blue at margins and green on disk,-elytra dark blue; femora flavous, rest of legs, antenne, palpi, and mouth-parts reddish.
Head (2°5 mm. wide) convex, uniformly and very finely punctate, frontal fovees punctiform, eyes flat, joint 3 of antennee sparsely pilose, half as long again as 4, palpi slender.
Prothorax rather flat, quadrate, as long as wide (3°5 mm.), broadly emarginate at both extremities and not much con- tracted, a little narrower in front than behind, sides very gently rounded, with a narrow reflexed border, hind angles rounded but well marked, sides of base advancing towards them; median line fine, transverse impressions moderate, basal foveze elongate, deep, curving backwards towards hind angles, surface glabrous and shiny, minutely punctulate, with some larger scattered punctures (almost wanting in the type), base longitudinally striate.
Elytra rather short, ovate, wider in ¢ than in @, not more than twice as long as prothorax, border sharply angled at shoulder, gradually increasing in width up to three-fitths from base, rounded at apex; punctulate-striate, with a row of taintly indicated setiferous punctures on each side of the striz, the setee minute, an umbilicate pore near base of stria 1, intervals moderately convex, surface dull, interval 8 more evidently punctate.
Underside almost smooth and glabrous, metasternum, its episterna, and sides of ventral surface at base faintly punc- tate, prosternal process bordered at apex, metepisterna as long aswide. Dilated joints of front tarsi (¢) rather longer than wide, glabrous on upper surface.
Allied to C. quadricolor, but front tarsi (¢) with rather narrower joints and metepisterna no longer than wide. The very flat eyes, uniformly punctate head, nearly square pro- thorax, and short wide elytra distinguish this species from most other members of the group.
Nilgiri Hills, 6000’ (42. L. Andrewes, 4 ex., A. K. Weld
Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. yy) Downing, 5 ex., T. V. Campbell, 1 ex.). Mr. Downing’s
specimens were taken at Hulikal; Dr. Campbell’s specimen is in Mr. EK. A. Butler’s collection.
British Museum, 3 ex., labelled respectively “India,” “'S. India,” and “ Nilgiris.”
The type (¢) is in my collection.
Chlenius nilgiricus, 3 ¢.
Length 16°0 mm. ; width 6:0 mm.
Black ; head dark green, prothorax green on disk, darker (blue, purple, or blackish) on margin, elytra blue-black ; femora, upperside of front tibie, and first joint of antennz flavous, rest of legs and antenne and mouth-parts dark red.
Head (3:0 mm. wide), including clypeus, finely punctate, longitudinally striate near eyes, which are only moderately prominent, joint 3 of antennz sparsely pilose, about one- third as long again as 4.
Prothorax flat, quadrate, as long as wide (4°25 mm.), a little emarginate at extremities, about equally and very little contracted before and behind, sides very gently rounded, angles distinct but rounded; median line fine, transverse impressions visible in middle only, basal fovex short but deep, parallel, not reaching base, but merging in a depressed area adjoining basal angles ; surface shiny, minutely punctu- late, uniformly but sparsely covered with larger (though still small) punctures, minutely striate along both basal and apical margins.
Klytra ovate, moderately convex, more than twice as long as prothorax, widest just behind middle, border angled at shoulder, punctulate-striate, with a well-maked row of setiferous punctures along each side of the strice, intervals only moderately convex, the pubescence hard'y noticeable.
Underside shiny, prosternum rugose at sides, process very finely bordered at apex, episterna with some punctures on inner side, sides of metasternum and the episterna rather coarsely, sides of ventral surface more finely and sparsely punctate, metepisterna rather longer than wide; tarsi glabrous on upper surface.
In the puncturation of the head and the form of the prothorax the species resembles C. apollo, but the insect is a larger one, the eyes are more prominent, the prothorax a little less sparsely punctate, the form of the basal fovez different, the elytra longer, narrower, less convex, and with a longer scutellary striole. Compared with the better-known C. quadricolor, the head is larger and much more closely
10 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide.
punctate, prothorax equally contracted at extremities, flatter, surface more finely punctate, elytra rather similar, but the punctures on each side of the striz are smaller, closer together, and more distinct.
Nilgiri Hills, 3000’, Nov. 1910 (H. L. Andrewes), 2 ex., & 2? ; Coimbatore, 4. ii. 1913 (7. B. Fletcher), 1 ex., Agric. Coll. and Research Inst., Coimbatore.
The type is in my collection.
Chlaenius fletcheri, 3 ?. Length 13°5-16°0 mm. ; width 5°0-5-75 mm.
Black; head and prothorax metallic green, latter darker at margins; femora and joint 1 of antenna red, rest of legs and antenne dark red, palpi brown.
Head (3:0 mm. wide) convex, moderately shiny, finely punctate (a few larger punctures mingled with the small ones) and subrugose, frontal foveze reduced to two small round punctures, eyes rather flat, joint 3 of antenne nearly glabrous, quite half as long again as 4, palpi slender, labrum truncate. |
Prothorax as long as wide (4:0 mm.), shiny, rather flat, widest at middle, equally contracted at extremities, which are very slightly emarginate, sides finely bordered and a little reflexed, moderately and quite uniformly rounded from base to apex, hind angles obtuse and rounded; median line fine, not reaching extremities, basal foveze moderately deep, elongate, curving outwards at both extremities, produced and very shallow in front, surface moderately and fairly uniformly punctate throughout.
Elytra (9°5 mm. long) elongate-ovate, narrower and less dilated behind in ¢ than in 2, base bisinuate, border sharply angled at shoulder, faintly sinuate before apex, punctulate- striate, a row of well-maiked setiferous punctures along each side of the striaz, a few irregular additional punctures here and there, especially on intervals 1 and 2, more closely punc- tate at sides, intervals convex and moderately shiny in g, flat and dullin @.
Underside shiny, faintly iridescent, indistinctly pubescent, prosternal process bordered, pilose at apex, metepisterna half as long again as wide, coarsely punctate, ventral surface sparsely punctate at sides. ‘l’arsi glabrous on upper surface, dilated joints (¢ ) a little longer than wide.
Very close to C. nilgiricus, but the elytra are black. Pro- thorax more strongly rounded at sides, which are more or less reflexed, surface much more coarsely punctate, intervals of
Mr. H. BH. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidae. cis
elytra much more convex and more coarsely punctured in 3, very similar in ?.
Ceylon, Diyatalawa, 3. viii. 1908 (7. B. Fletcher), 1 3, eh
British Museum.
Chlenius opacipennis, Chaud. “ Mon. des Chléniens,” Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1876, p. 176.
Chaudoir described this species from two Bengal examples (3 9), but gives no hint of any difference in the sexes, I have before me seven examples, four males and three females, which Lam convinced belong to the same species, but [ find rather marked s°xual differences. Chaudoir’s description, as far as it goes, applies very well to the females, but the male insect is narrower, Hatter, and much more brightly coloured ; the head and prothorax do not differ much, but the elytra are not so opaque, the intervals are moderately convex, and the puncturation is coarser and more conspicuous. ‘The side- margins of the prothorax are blue in front, the sides and apex of the elytra violet-blue, green on the shoulder.
6 od. India and N.W. India, 2 ex., British Museum ;
Central Provinces (Gin. Hearsey), 1 ex., Hope Dept. Oxford Univ. Museum. Bengal, Chapra (Mackenzie), 1 ex., Agric. Research Inst., Pusa. — ¢ 2. Bengal, Barkura, eating millipede, 1 ex., Agric. Research Insi., Pusa. Central Provinces, Nagpur (H. A. IY Abreu), lex. Central Mus., Nagpur. United Provinces, Sitapur (4. G. Chumpton), 1 ex.
Chlenius henryi, 3.
Leneth 15°5 mm.; width 6 mm.
Black; head and prothorax with an seneous tinge, green at margins ; joints 1-3 of antenne and legs testaceous, tarsi, labrum, and mouth-parts brown.
Head convex, coarsely and rugosely punctate, neck and middle of front nearly smooth, clypeus smooth, with an oblique rugose depression at each side, labrum strongly emarginate, eyes fairly prominent, antenne thick, joint 3 a little longer than 4.
Prothorax moderately convex, a third as wide again as head, length to width as 3 to 4, widest rather behind middle, base slightly emarginate, apex truncate, narrower at apex than base, sides gently rounded, border narrow and a little reflexed, hind angles obtuse and rounded ; median line very
12 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide.
fine, not reaching extremities, transverse impressions obsolete, basal fovee short and narrow, hardly breaking the general convexity, distant from base, rather nearer margin than middle; surface coarsely, confluently, and uniformly punctate.
Elytra oval, convex, widest behind middle, half as wide again as prothorax and three times as long, border forming an angle at shoulder, punctate-striate, the punctures very fine and close together, the first stria arising from an umbili- cate pore at some distance from base, the whole surface finely, closely, and uniformly punctate, with a short greyish pubescence.
Underside shiny and iridescent, sterna and episterna coarsely but not closely punctate, sides of ventral surface more finely and sparsely, prosternal process very finely bordered with some sete at apex, metepisterna without ex- ternal groove, a little longer than wide. Front femora (¢ ) without tooth; upper surface of tarsi minutely and very sparsely setose.
The species belongs to the group of which C. chlorodius, Dej., is the type, but, although the elytra are relatively longer, the form is more that of C. epacipennis, Chaud. It is widely distinguished from all other members of the group by the dense puncturation of both prothorax and elytra, also by the rounded hind angles of the former.
A single g specimen from the Colombo Museum, sent to me some years ago by Mr. G. M. Henry, after whom I have named it. There is no locality-label, but I understand that the specimen was taken in Ceylon.
Chlenius binghamt, 2.
Length 12:0 mm.; width 5°0 mm.
Buff-coloured ; basal two-fifths of elytra, together with an extension, in the form of a square patch over the first four intervals, to about a third from apex, and apex of mandibles black ; apex of palpi and an ill-defined area near apex of elytra infuscate.
Head (2:25 mm. wide) convex, shiny, smooth, apart from some very minute punctures on neck and sides of front, frontal fove fairly deep, eyes prominent, labrum truncate, joint 3 of antennze very sparsely pilose, equal to 4.
Prothorax transverse (3°25 x 2°50 mm.), shiny, convex on disk, widest before middle, extremities truncate, sides of base advancing towards hind angles, sides with a fine border, slightly reflexed, strongly rounded in front, sinuate near hind
Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidee. 13
angles, which are right but not sharp, median line and trans- verse impressions well marked, basal fovex large and fairly deep, surface smooth except over the fovese and for a short distance forwards along sides, where it is coarsely punctate and pubescent.
Elytra (7-0 mm. long) short, rather convex, border forming a very obtuse angle at shoulder, and only faintly sinuate near apex, punctulate-striate, intervals convex on disk, much flatter at sides, the first four (where black) smooth, except for an irregular row of setiferous punctures along each side of the stris, the rest of the surface closely punctate and pubescent, the puncturation rather coarse, the buff colour extending forwards along interval 9 and eovering the shoulder, but not extending inwards beyond the base of stria 5,
Underside finely punctate and pubescent, but smoother down the middle line of the body, prosternal process not bordered, a few small set at apex, metepisterna much longer than wide, tarsi with a few minute setee on upper surface.
Nearly related to C. kolariensis, Maindr., from Chota Nagpur, but larger, prothorax with blunter hind angles and quite without the minute rugosity of the base in that species ; the median elytral intervals are more evidently smooth, and the square black patch projected backwards from the black basal area gives the species a very distinctive facies.
Upper Burma, Maymyo, 3000’ (Col. C. T. Bingham), ext 9
The type is in the British Museum,
Chlenius corbetti, 2.
Length 17 mm.; width 6°25 mm.
Dark green-blue ; head and prothorax metallic green, latter copper-red on disk, elytra green-blue with middle of intervals Lae ; legs, palpi, antennee (lighter at apex), and labrum red.
Head (3°0 mm. wide) shiny, almost smooth, a very few punctures on sides and vertex, frontal fovex obsolete, eyes fairly prominent, palpi slender, joint 3 of antenna sparsely pilose, slightly curved, halt as long again as 4.
Prothorax transverse (4 x 3°5 mm.), widest before middle, rather flat but declivous towards front angles, emarginate at extremities, sides rounded, sinuate at some distance from base, hind angles about right, projecting a little laterally, sides of base advancing towards them ; median line fine, but rather deeply impressed, basal fovex elongate, fairly deep, curving
14 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide.
backwards towards hind angles, surface shiny, finely punctate, sparsely on disk, more closely over basal area, where some Jarge punctures are mingled with the small ones, faintly pubescent.
Elytra (10 mm. long) subopaque, flat, elongate, sides nearly parallel, border at shoulder forming a very obtuse angle, rounded at apex without appreciable sinuation, punctu-: late-striate, stria 1 arising from an umbilicate pore, intervals flat, the whole surface finely but not very closely aciculate- punctate, a few larger punctures mingled quite irregularly with the smaller ones, covered with a short but not dense yellowish pubescence.
Underside shiny, prosternal process unbordered, metepi- sterna a little longer than broad, without external groove, mnctasternum, its episterna, and sides of ventral suiface mode- rately punctate and pubescent, much more finely and sparsely over the median area ; tarsi pilose on upper surtace.
‘The species seems to belong to the little American group in Chaudoir’s Monograph, of which C. cordicollis, Kirby, 1s typical. The shape of the protiorax is unlike that of any Hastern species known to me, though it 1s very similar to that of C. aératus, Quens., from N. Africa. It is possible, though unlikely, that this is the unidentified C. viridanus, Motsch. (Bull. Mosc. 1864, iv. p. 339).
Burma, Rangoon (G. Q. Corbett), 1 ex., 2.
The type is in my collection,
Chlenius laotinus, g 2.
Length 11-12 mm. ; width 4:50-4:75 mm.
Black ; head and prothorax dark metallic green (bluish when viewed sideways), elytra dark eneous on disk, green at base and sides, border of both prothorax and elytra dark red ; legs, first three joints of antennee (rest darker), palpi, apex of elytra (widely) and of ventral surface (narrowly) testaceous.
Head (2°0 mm. wide) convex. shiny, smooth, a few small punctures near eyes, frontal foveee deep, rounded, subrugose, eyes moderately prominent, antenne slender, joint 3 sparsely pilose, hardly longer than 4, palpi slender, labrum slightly emarginate.
Prothorax transverse (3°0x2°5 mm.), shiny, subconvex, widest just before middle, truncate at extremities, sides bordered and strongly rounded, sinuate just before hind angles, which are about right, sharp, projecting a little laterally, front angles rounded; median line rather deeply impressed,
Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidae. 15
basal fovee large, rather shallow, surface moderately and fair'y closely punctate, very closely over the basal fovez, smooth on middle of disk (except along median line), pubes- cence evident and rather long.
Klytra (775 mm. long) ovate, convex, border rounded at shoulder, sinuate near apex, punctulate-striate, surface closely but not very finely punctate (as in C. submarginatus, Chaud.), more closely at sides, covered with a fairly long yellowish pubescence, apical area broadly testaceous, as in C. inops, Chaud., but more widely along suture, and not quite so far forwards along margin, with a less jagged edge where the colours meet.
Ventral surface finely punctate, the pubescence shorter and less evident than on upper surface, prosternum smooth between coxe, process bordered and pilose at apex, metepi- sterna elongate. Upper surface of tarsi sparsely punctate and minutely setose, dilated joints (¢) rather narrow.
Closely allied to C. fraterculus, Maindr., of which Mr. Guy Babault has kindly sent me a typical specimen for examina- tion. The form of the prothorax is almost identical, though in OC, laotinus the hind angles are hardly acute, puncturation closer and finer, smooth discal area much smaller (in C. fra- terculus it extends almost to the front angles), elytra rather more finely punctate, the yellow apical area extending further forwards at sides.
Laos ; many examples taken at various localities in the Provinces of Luang Prabang and Haut Mekong, 1915-18 (R. Vitalis de Salvaza).
The type is in the British Museum,
Chlantus comans, ¢ ¢.
Length 11°5-13°0 mm. ; width 4°25-5:°0 mm.
Black ; head and protliorax metallic green, latter sometimes copper-red on disk, elytra zeneous black ; legs, first three joints of anteune (rest fuscous), palpi, border of prothorax and elytra, epipleurse of elytra, and apex of ventral surtace generally testaceous, but sometimes quite dark red.
Head (2°25 mm. wide) convex, shiny, minutely punctate, with a few larger punctures on front and near eyes, frontal fovee sinall but deep, eyes prominent, joints 2 and 3 of an- tenne moderately pilose, joint 3=4, palpi slender, labrum truncate, ;
_ Prothorax transverse (3°50 x 2°75 mm.), convex on disk, flatter towards base, truncate at extremities, sides moderately rounded, not sinuate before hind angles, not much wider
16 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide.
behind than in front, border narrow in front, thicker behind, hind angles obtuse, but not much rounded ; median line very fine, basal foveee short but fairly deep, curving outwards at both extremities, surface moderately punctate, closely near hind angles, disk almost smooth (except along median line), evidently pubescent.
Elytra (8:0 mm. long) ovate, subconvex, border roundel at shoulders, sinuate near apex, punctate-striate, intervals flat, surface rather finely aciculate-punctate, more closely at sides, with a fairly long golden-yellow pubescence.
Underside moderately shiny, closely punctate and pubes- cent, ventral surface very closely and finely, prosternum punctate between cox, process with indications of a border only, metepisterna elongate, closely punctate, metasternum with some coarse punctures as well. Upper surface of tarsi minutely punctate, practically glabrous. Dilated joints of front tarsi (¢) rather elongate.
According to Chaudoir’s table the species would go with C. tristis, Schall., and C. nigricornis, F., but it is more closely allied to C. submarginatus, Chaud. Head a little wider than in the last-named species, prothorax less con- tracted behind, sides and especially hind angles much less rounded, less closely punctate, elytra more finely punctate, prosternal process practically unbordered. I think probably Chaudoir attached too much importance to the border on the prosternal process in this genus, as he did also in odes (see Bates, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1892, p. 323).
Tonkin: Hoabinh, Guang Yen, and Muong Sin, many examples (R. Vitalis de Salvaza), China (Bowring), 4 ex.
The type is in the British Museum.
Chlunius uninotatus, df.
Length 10-11 mm. ; width 3°75-4:0 mm.
Blue-black ; head metallic green or blue-green, border and epipleuree of prothorax reddish ; legs, palpi, labrum, joints 1 and 2 of antennee, and a common spot near apex of elytra testaceous.
Head (2:0 mm. wide) convex, minutely punctate, smoother on vertex, frontal foves nearly obsolete, joints 1 and 2 of antennze sparsely pilose, 3 more closely so and a little longer than 4, palpi slender, obliquely truncate at apex, labrum truncate.
Prothorax transverse (2°75 x 2°25 mm.), flat, widest at middle, equally contracted and slightly emarginate at both extremities, very finely bordered at sides, strongly and evenly
On the Myth of the Ship-holder. 17
rounded, without any sinuation before base, angles rounded, front ones a little prominent, hind ones obtuse ; a fine median line reaching extremities, transverse impressions obsolete, basal fovezs shallow, surface opaque, finely and densely granulate and pubescent, the pubescence inconspicuous. Hlytra (6°35 mm. long) oval, narrower and more pointed at apex in @, rather flat on disk, opaque, border fine, rounded at shoulder, reflexed along sides, hardly sinuate before apex, punctulate-striate, intervals flat, finely but not very closely punctate, and inconspicuously pubescent ; the testaceous spot, which is divided by the suture (red at this point), small, more or less rectangular, covering three intervals on each side of the suture, the colour extending a little nearer apex on interval 1; scutellum shagreened and indistinctly punctate. Underside highly iridescent, shiny, sparsely punctate, and pubescent, prosternal process not bordered, metepisterna not much longer than wide; tarsi pubescent on upper surface. Closely resembling C. guttula, Chaud., but larger, the eommon spot a little larger, more angular, and further from apex ; head wider, less closely rugose, prothorax more coarsely granulate, strie of elytra deeper and more evidently punctate. Assam: Naga Hills, Assam Valley, Manipur (all Doherty), 18,6¢% ?¢. British Museum.
Il.—The Myth of the Ship-holder: a Postscript. By E. W. Gupeer, American Museum of Natural History, New
York City.
In the issue of this Journal for October 1918 I published a paper of some length on this myth *. While that paper was going through the press I chanced upon some additional data bearing on this subject and its explanation, and it has seemed worth while to present it here in abbreviated form in the hope that it may prove of interest to readers of the first paper. It is all the more interesting because three of the writers quoted approximated the true explanation.
The first of these old writers 1s Jerome Cardan, mathe- matician, naturalist, and several other things beside. In
* Gudger, E. W., ‘The Myth of the Ship-holder: Studies in Echeneis or Remora.—I.” Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1918, ser. 9, vol. ii. pp. 271- 307, 3 pls. with 9 figs., 1 text-fig.
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 2
s
18 Mr. E. W. Gudger on the
his book *, published at Basiliz in 1557, his description of the ship-retarder, which he denominates Mustela marina, is very inexact; but when he says that it has seven round openings on each side of its neck, we recognize it as a lamprey-eel. The interesting thing in his account is his recital of a voyage on the Liger River in the spring, when seven large specimens were detached from the prow of the boat, where they acted as very effectual remoras—delayers. In this account Cardan effectually corroborates Rondelet +, who says that he has seen a lamprey-eel attach itself to a boat and actually retard its progress. Both these ancients in turn are corroborated fully by one of the most distinguished ichthyologists of the present day, Mr. David G. Stead, of Australia {, who tells of an instance coming under his own observation of a vessel in tropical waters being actually ‘considerably delayed through a school of ‘suckers’ attaching themselves all round its sides and bottom.”
Next we come to the old Jesuit, Athanasius Kircher (1643), who goes very carefully into the matter of the ship- holder. Not to weary the reader, the gist of Kircher’s dissertation is to be found in the following paragraph. He contends that the explanation of the retardation of ships by a fish is as fabulous as that this is due to magnetic rocks, and goes on to offer the following explanation of his own :—
“Nevertheless I do not deny that ships in their course do stand still. But I do not think to ascribe this to any occult quality, nor to any virtue derived from heaven, nor to any fantastic cause whatever, but to contrary upheavals or currents in the sea. For unless I had observed such a happening myself, I would myself scarcely believe that which I am going to set forth. Truly it happens not in- frequently in the Strait of Sicily that a huge ship with all sails set to a following wind sticks fast in the middle of the sea as if she had been affixed to a spike in a beam, the other ships in the neighbourhood holding their courses. This I allege not only on the testimony of my own eyes, but of that of the inhabitants of Messina, who frequently enjoy this spectacle. In like fashion the imperial fleet of Anthony at the battle of Actium was detained in the narrows of the Archipelago. This I would ascribe to the currents and
* Cordano, Girolamo. ‘ Hieronymi Cardani Mediolanensis Medici de Rerum Varietate Libri XVII.’ Basiliz, 1557, chapter 31.
+ Rondelet, Guillaume. ‘L’Histoire Entiére des Poissons.’ Lion, 1558, p. 8138. The original edition of this great-work was published in Latin in 1554. ;
{ Stead, David G. ‘Fishes of Australia.’ Sydney, 19C6, pp. 190-191.
Myth of the Ship-holder. 1s
eddies which are everywhere met with in straits. For it can scarcely be said how much eddying in the sea, how many [opposing] currents would be strong and powerful enough to cause ships to stand. This is, indeed, my idea of the Remora” *,
We now come to that man of the Renaissance writers who most thoroughly and in scientific fashion goes into a study of the ship-holder. This is the Jesuit, Gaspar Schott, pro- fessor in the gymnasium of Herbipoli. His scieutific attitude is first shown in his extensive review of his prede- cessors, where he expressly quotes them by book, chapter, and paragraph, and in this he is about as exact as a present- day writer who takes pride in the care with which his biblio- graphy is prepared +.
Schott carefully dissects the writings and opinions of his predecessors, and, while acknowledging that vessels are stopped, rejects their explanations as depending on some occult power or cause or quality. He then sets forth his ‘own conclusions under four heads and in as many distinct paragraphs. First, he thinks it doubtful if such a remark- able power of detaining and retarding ships is to be found in such a small animal. He notes that there are no eye- witnesses among the ancients, but that their accounts run “it is said,” “some believe,” “it is reported.” In short, there is no agreement among the ancients, and their accounts are mere fables.
Having thus established himself as a disbeliever, Schott, in the next paragraph, affirms his belief in the occult and the supernatural. Since so many writers record them, there must be truth in these accounts, and it must be acknowledged that the ships are retarded, but from causes different from the assigned ones. These retardations, he thinks, are due to angels—good or bad,—to frauds on the parts of sailors (some backing, others pulling), or to upheavings and boilings in the sea. These latter, on the whole, he thinks to be the more probable causes.
In his third paragraph Schott affirms his belief in “extra- ordinary tides and currents which arise at times to retard the progress of the weakly propelled vessels of his day. He quotes Kircher’s experience in the Straits of Sicily. This
* Kircher, Athanasius. ‘ Athanasii Kircheri Magnes Sive de Artis Magnetica, Opus Tripartum.’ Colonize Agrippine, 1643. Liber tertius, pars sexta, De Echeneida, seu Remora, p. 669,
+ Schottus, Caspar. ‘Physica Curiosa sive Mirabilia Natura et Artis Libris XII.’ Herbipoli, 1662, Caput XIV. Dissertatio Physio- logica de Echeneide seu Remora, pp. 1309-1338.
oe
20 On the Myth of the Ship-holder.
he had confirmed by the inhabitants of Messina and likewise by a personal experience in those waters. Next he argues that similar detentions have been known in similar regions, but that, unlike the ones more or less regularly occurring, though at different hours, in the Sicilian Straits, they occur irregularly and at intervals only—in short, were temporary and due to temporary and unusual causes. These causes, he thinks, were earthquakes or submarine disturbances of some kind which produce large and conflicting waves, this being in accordance with Kircher’s experience when he was once returning from Melita to Rome.
Lastly, Schott comes to the conelusion that the retardation is due to the little fish rightly called remora, but that it does not do this by virtue of any occult quality, since when taken into the vessel the latter is no longer necessarily stopped in her course—witness the vessels of Caligula and the Cardinal of Tours (see pages 276 and 284 of previous paper). When it lays hold of a vessel and opposes its propulsion it aets in the same way that a man does when he prevents gravity - from drawing a body downward.
Both Kircher and Schott had a glimmering idea of the truth, each wanted to break away from ancient tradition and give a rational explanation; but the axiom that action and reaction are equal not having been established in their day, they apparently took refuge in jesuitical fashion in a flood of words. However, it is true that, in their conflicting currents or boilings in the sea, they approximated the true explanation as set forth by Ekman* in 1904. For this see my larger article.
The last author to be quoted in this paper is a compatriot of Ekman’s, the famous Bishop Pontoppidan ¢ of Norway. He quotes Schott, that “ Among other reasons that are given for a ship’s being stopt in her course in the middle of the sea, tho’ under full sail with a good wind, which is an undeniable fact, he reckons, the conflux of rivers from several places struggling together, to be one cause.” This translation I am wnable to get from Schott’s Latin ; but doubting my own rendition, I had a translation made by an expert in Romanic languages. This agreed with mine very closely, but not with the good Bishop’s.
Possibly this translation represents an embryonic idea in
* Ekman, V. Walfrid. ‘On Dead-Water.’ Vol. V. Scientific Results Norwegian North Polar Expedition, 1898-1896. Christiania, 1904.
+ Pontoppidan, Erich, ‘The Natural History of Norway.’ London, 1755, pp. 216-217,
On a few Melolonthine Coleoptera. 21
the Bishop’s own mind, for he continues (see above) : ‘This Opinion has some probability, and that strange effect is really owing to this cause in some places.” But, being under the thrall of the Kraken, the gigantic cephalopod which, like ‘‘ Dead Water,” abounded in the fiords of his country, he finally concludes that it, under the name Kors- Trold or Soe-Drawl, is the effecting agent in ship-detention.
Il1.—Systematic Notes on a few Melolonthine Coleoptera. By GiLBert J. ARROW.
(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) [Plate I.}
THE following descriptions and notes have been put together in the course of working out the nomenclature of certain species of Melolonthine injurious to crops in different regions. The types of the species described as new are in the British Museum.
In his ‘ Report on Phytalus smitht, Arrow, and other Beetles injurious to Sugar-cane in Mauritius’? Mr. d’ Emmerez de Charmoy refers to certain Lamellicorn beetles to which no precise names could be given. ‘These were subsequently sent to me for identification, but, owing to uncertainty as to whether they were imported or indigenous, I deferred their determination at that time. Having failed to obtain sufficient evidence of their occurrence elsewhere, I have now described them, their economic importance rendering the absence of recognized names highly inconvenient.
In the Report above mentioned the name Gymnogaster buphthalma, Bl., is applied to certain cane-feeding grubs. The beetles sent to me as probably belonging to that species are two different forms, both of them apparently unnamed hitherto. G. buphthalmus is an inhabitant of the island of Bourbon, and in all probability is not found elsewhere. Although it has a close superficial resemblance to the insect T here call RAtzotrogus pallens, there are important anatomical differences in the reduction of the biting parts of the mouth and the existence of five, instead of three, joints in the an- tennal club. No other species of Gymnogaster is known.
29 Mr, G. J. Arrow on
Rhizotrogus gravis, Ap.uny wack. 0th. 4.)
Leete flavus, capite fusco-rufo, pronoto (lateribus exceptis), an- tennis tarsisque rufis; oblongus, nitidus, glaber, pectore pedibus- que sat longe flavo-hirsutis, capite crebre et rugose punctato, absque carinis, clypeo parvo, excavato, margine antice recto, lateraliter fortiter arcuato; pronoto sat crebre et fortiter punc- tato, linea media fere levi, lateribus medio fortiter dilatatis, deinde ad angulos fere rectis, his obtusis, margine antico toto ciliato, postico leviter trisinuato, marginate; scutello parce punctato; elytris crebre et fortiter punctatis, costa suturali valida aliisque angustis parum distinctis; pygidio parce haud fortiter punctato; antennis 10-articulatis, articulis 3-7 regulariter decrescentibus ; tibize antice dente tertio minutissimo, unguibus subtus medio dente recto armatis ; mento postice carina V-formi instructo, antice excavato.
Long. 25-27 mm.; lat. max. 13-15 mm,
N.E. Mauritius: Bassin.
An old specimen of this species in the British Museum bears the locality ‘ Florida,” for which reason I at first believed it to have been, like Phytalus smithi, imported into Mauritius ; but I have failed on enquiry to find any evidence of its occurrence in America, nor has it by any abnormal increase shown the usual indication of an introduced insect.
The colour is a bright tawny yellow, paler beneath, with the pronotum red, except at the sides, and the head very dark red. |
The male is rather elongate and parallel-sided, the female shorter and more dilated behind, and both rather shining (except upon the head, which is densely punctured and rugose), free from hair upon the upper surface, but with long and thick yellow pubescence upon the metasternum. The eyes are large and prominent, the clypeus rather small, hollowed, with continuous reflexed margin, straight in front and rounded at the sides. The pronotum is moderately punctured, with an indefinite longitudinal smooth space in the middle, with the lateral margins strongly dilated in the middle and nearly straight from there to the front and hind angles, which are obtuse. The elytra are closely and evenly punctured, with a prominent smooth sutural costa of nearly equal breadth throughout and exceedingly narrow and feeble vestiges of three or four other coste. ‘lhe pygidium is much less closely punctured. ‘The uppermost (third) tooth of the front tibia is very feeble and the claws bear a strong vertical tooth at the middle of the lower edge. The antenne are 10-jointed, joints 3 to 7 progressively diminishing in length.
a few Melolonthine Coleoptera. 23
The male is much less massive than the female, with the club of the antenna as long as the footstalk, all the tarsi long and slender, and the abdomen longitudinally channelled beneath.
Larvee found feeding at the roots of cane have been sent to me together with adult females of this species.
Rhizotrogus pallens, sp.n. (Pl. I. fig. 1.)
Pallide flavus, capite fusco-rufo, tarsis pronotique medio plus minusve rufescentibus ; oblongus, nitidus, glaber, pectore pedi- busque sat longe flavo-hirsutis, capite fortiter et confluenter punctato, absque carinis, clypeo excavato, margine reflexo, medio subtiliter exciso, lateraliter fortiter arcuato ; pronoto ineequaliter, haud crebre, punctato, lateribus medio fortiter dilatatis, deinde ad angulos omnes fere rectis, his obtusis, margine antico toto ciliato ; scutello fere impunctato ; elytris haud fortiter aut dense punc- tatis, costa suturali angusta; pygidio sparse erecte setoso ; tibia antica tridentata, unguibus medio dente erecto armatis; mento postice carina semicirculari instructo.
Long. 23-27 mm.; lat. max. 11-14 mm.
S.E. Mauritius: Ebéne Sugar Estate, near Réduit.
This is closely related to . gravis and has a marked superficial resemblance to Gymnogaster buphthalmus, BI., from which it is easily distinguished by its 3-jointed antennal club. It is narrower than £2. gravis, paler in colour, and less strongly and closely punctured upon the pronotum and elytra. ‘The clypeus is a little larger, feebly sinuated in the middle of its margin, and the eyes are a little smaller. The pronotum is rather flat and sparsely punctured, with its sides still more strongly angulated in the middle and straight from there to the front and hind angles, which are obtuse. ‘The scutellum is almost smooth and the elytra are lightly punc- tured and very shining, with a narrow sutural costa only. The pygidium bears a. thin clothing of erect hairs, but is scarcely visibly punctured. The mentum bears a semicircular (not V-shaped) carina and the uppermost tooth of the front tibia is more distinct than in 4. gravis. The claws are similar.
As in the allied species, the male is more slenderly built than the female, with the abdomen channelled beneath and the tarsi longer. The club of the antenna is longer than in the male of A. gravis, and the seventh joint is produced into a short but distinct lamella.
24 Mr. G. J. Arrow on
Rhizotrogus rufus, sp.n. (PI. I. fig. 2.)
Lete castaneo-rufus, capite obscuriori abdomineque pallide flavo ; sat late ovatus, nitidus, glaber, pectore dense fulvo-hirsuto ; capite dense fortiter punctato, fronte rugosa, clypeo parvo, mar- gine integro, arcuato, reflexo; pronoto crebre et minute punc- tato, margine laterali crenulato, ante medium angulato, dein ad angulum anticum et posticum fere recto, hoc fere quadrato, illo paulo producto; scutello lato, levi; elytris subtiliter parum eequaliter punctatis, margine suturali costisque discoidalibus duabus vix perspicuis levioribus ; pygidio subtiliter sat crebre punctato; pedibus parum gracilibus, tibiis anticis robustis, 3-dentatis, unguibus fortiter arcuatis, medio valde dentatis :
3, clava antennali duplo longiori quam stipitem ; unguorum dente paulo post medium sito; pygidio leviter convexo:
2, clava antennali quam stipitem multo breviori ; unguorum dente paulo ante medium sito; pygidio deplanato, apice leviter porrecto.
Long. 14-16 mm.; lat. max. 9 mm.
Nixerri Hitis: Dodabetta, 8000 ft. (May), Ootacamund (April).
‘This insect has been sent to me by Mr. T. V. Ramakrishna Ayyar, who found it in large numbers just beneath the surface-soil in plantations of cinchona seedlings.
It is moderately short and broad in shape, very smooth and shining, with the metasternum densely clothed with rather long tawny hair. ‘The legs are not very long, the front tibize rather short and armed with three strong but not sharp teeth, separated by acute notches. The clypeus is small, very strongly and closely punctured, with the margin regularly rounded and entire, and the forehead rugose, the punctures coalescing, carinate at its posterior limit. The pronotum is broad, not very convex, closely and rather evenly punctured, with its lateral margins crenulated, angu- lated in the middle, and nearly straight from there to the front and hind angles, of which the former is a little produced and the latter a right angle. The scutellum is broad and almost unpunctured. The elytra are finely and moderately closely punctured, with the sutural margins and two indistinct discoidal coste smoother. The pygidium is also finely and moderately closely punctured. The antennez are 10-jointed, joints 3-7 very short and trausverse in the male and 8-10 forming a very long club more than twice as long as the entire footstalk. In the female joints 3 and 4 are a little longer than wide and the club is very short. The basal joint
a few Melolonthine Coleoptera. 25°
of the hind tarsus is slightly longer than the following one, and the claws are strongly curved and toothed in the middle.
The male is easily recognizable by the exceptional length of the antennal club, and another slight but important diffe- rence is found in the claws, in which the tooth is placed nearer to the tip in the male than in the female.
I have used the generic name Lhizotrogus because it is the oldest of the various names in use for the immense and almost world-wide series of species to which these three insects belong, although that name is generally restricted to species from the Palearctic region. The classification of these insects is very largely a geographical one at present, and ‘species from the Oriental region are referred to Holo- trichia, those from America to Lachnosterna, while those from the Palearctic, African, and Madagascan areas have been distributed under very numerous names, some of which are no doubt well justified, but the maintenance of others must necessitate the introduction of a very large number of fresh generic names for the forms yet undescribed and con- forming to none of the feebly differentiated diagnoses formu- lated by Brenske, Reitter, and Kolbe. The handling of the extremely difficult generic problem by artificially limited geographical groups enables genera to be defined in terms which are found inapplicable when entire natural groups come to be investigated. Reitter, for instance, studying Palearctic forms, has divided the genera of the present group into two sections according to the situation of the tooth upon the claws before or behind their middle, one section being represented by /thizotrogus and the other by AHolotrichia. As thus defined, the male of the species last described would be referred to the Holotrichia section and the female to the Rhizotrogus section. The many forms in which the tooth is placed precisely in the middle completely bridge the two groups and render their generic separation impossible. Pending a general revision, therefore, it seems to me best to accept only those genera which appear to be exactly defined, and to regard as a single genus the great mass of species at present called Rhizotrogus, Holotrichia, or Lachnosterna.
‘T'wo species, not closely related, were described by Water- house from the island of Rodriguez under the name of Lachnosterna. L. rodriguezi, Wat., is a very peculiar insect belonging to no known genus. Unfortunately the two specimens are in an extremely imperfect state, so that it is not yet possible to state all its distinctive features; but,
26 Mr. G. J. Arrow on
although its proper systematic position must remain in doubt, enough can be stated for its ready recognition.
MASCARENA, gen. nov.
Elongate and rather depressed-in shape. Head broad, with the clypeus extremely short and subacuminate in the middle. Labrum broad, produced vertically downwards on each side, the two lobes long and wide apart, the median part slightly produced. Mandibles strong and exposed. Mentum excavated externally, deeply excised in front, with the palpi attached to the outer face. Third and fourth joints of the antenna equal and moderately short (the remainder wanting). Legs slender, with the front tibia rather feebly tridentate and the claws long, toothed before the middle.
The tarsi of the male are very long, the claws longer than in the female and the tooth much shorter.
The second species from Rodriguez referred by Waterhouse to Lachnosterna (L. gradaria, Wat.) belongs to the genus Hoplochelus. This genus is at present in a state of great confusion. Empecta and Hoplochelus, very distinct as they are, were mixed together by Blanchard, and, although Brenske has partly unravelled them, the recent Catalogue of Dalla Torre has only increased the confusion. The two genera are easily distinguishable by the different form of the clypeus and labrum and the occurrence of two teeth upon the front tibia in Hmpecta, instead of three as in Hoplochelus. The former genus is allied to Apogonia and the latter to Rhizo- irogus. The typical species of Hoplochelus is H. rhizo- trogoides, Bl., and the others known to me are piligera, B1., micantipennis, Bl., semirufus, Fairm., and gradaria, Wat. « Enaria” adusta and albosparsa, of Fairmaire, belong to Empecta.
Fairmaire has described as Empecta nudiplaga a form which he distinguishes from H. marginalis, Fairm., by certain features, all of which, although he was not aware of it, are merely characters of the female of Hoplochelus micantipennis, Bl. Both the above names are therefore evidently syno- nyms of the last. Empecta betanimena, Kunck., attributed to this species in Alluaud’s Catalogue, is really £Hoplochelus semirufus, Fairm.
Much of this confusion would have been avoided by the simple observation of the features distinctive of the sexes. It appears never to have been noticed that a sparser clothing
a few Melolonthine Coleoptera. 27
and puncturation of the upper surface are characteristic of the females of both the genera in question. This is especially striking in the following new species :—
Eimpecta disparilis, sp. n. (Pl. I. fig. 3.)
Nigra, elytris pedibusque rufescentibus, corpore toto squamis minutis vestito (maris supra dense), elytrorum humeris et epipleuris scutellique lateribus et linea mediana nudis, pectore haud dense fulvo-hirsuto; elongato-ovata, capite dense rugoso, margine antica levissime arcuata, haud excisa ; pronoti lateribus fortiter bisinuatis, antice valde approximatis, angulis anticis acute productis, posticis obtusis; pygidio crebre punctato-rugoso et setoso :
¢, corpore supra toto opaco, densissime flavo-squamoso, pedibusque omnibus gracilibus :
Q, corpore supra modice nitido, grosse punctato, punctis squami- feris, pedibus posticis multo brevioribus,
Long. 17-19 mm.; lat. max. 9-10 mm,
MADAGASCAR: Diego Suarez.
The difference between the sexes is very strongly marked, The male is entirely opaque above and densely clothed with perfectly uniform yellow scales. The female is more shining, the pronotum covered with large dense punctures each con- taining a scale, and the elytra rather coarsely punctured, each puncture similarly giving rise to a scale, and the punc- tures of the inner half tending to coalesce transversely. The posterior half of the pygidium is also more coarsely punctured and shining in the female, and the hind legs are much shorter and stouter than in the male.
Lepidiota flavimargo, sp. n.
Fusca, corpore supra et subtus dense albo-squamoso, elytris rufes- centibus, lateribus pallidioribus, denudatis, squamis nonnullis minutis parce ornatis ; elongato-ovalis, undique coriaceo-punctata, elytrorum lateribus exceptis, clypeo haud lato, margine antica medio lvissime sinuata, prothoracis lateribus serratis, antice fere rectis, post medium arcuatis, angulis omnibus obtusis, pygidio postice leviter sulcato, mesosterno medio compresso, vix produeto :
6, tibiis anticis bidentatis, tibiarum posticarum calearibus angustis, spinosis :
Q, tibiis anticis tridentatis, tibiarum posticarum calcaribus latis- simis, spatulatis, extremitatibus translucentibus.
Long. 39-52 mm.; lat. max. 20-26 mm,
Brit. N. Borneo: Sandakan (C. V. Creagh, W. B. Pryer), Sarawak (J. C. Moulton). ;
28: On a few Melolonthine Coleoptera.
This is a species closely related to the very abundant L. stigma, ¥., of the Malay Peninsula and Java, which is apparently not found in Borneo. ‘The females of that species strongly resemble the present insect, but the latter can be at once distinguished by the sharply defined yellow or reddish lateral borders of the elytra, almost denuded of scales. The border occupies about one-eighth of the width of the elytron, is paler than the remaining surface, smooth and shining, and bears only a few minute scales, whereas the remaining surface of the body is closely covered with scales, replaced by short, close-lying yellowish hairs upon the coxa and the sides of the metasternum. ‘The scales of the upper surface are generally pure white, the elytra each showing three more or less distinct longitudinal lines of scales still more closely crowded than the rest. Upon the head, the sides of the pro- notum, and the lower surface of the body the scales are more
yellowish. - The two sexes, unlike those of ZL. stigma, are alike in colour, but the female is distinctly larger than the male, its front tibice are stouter and bear three well-developed teeth instead of two, and the hind tibiz are dilated at the end and their spurs broad and spatuliform (much more so than in LZ. stigma), the extremities dilated, rounded, and translucent.
L. munda, Sharp, has similar bare lateral margins to the elytra, but is a smaller insect, more tapering in front, and clothed with yellow scales.
The Dalla Torre Catalogue is entirely wrong in identifying the European Polyphylla alba of Pallas and Olivier with the female of ZL. stigma (Melolontha alba, F.).
Leucopholis diffints, Sharp, and lateralis, Brenske, are, I believe, synonyms of L. nummicudens, Newm. ‘The incon- spicuous row of hairs upon the median line of the pronotum seems to occur only in the female (the sex described by Brenske), and is present in one of the two original specimens of Newman. Sharp’s two specimens are presumably both females, but very much abraded, so that the clothing could not be described. Brenske appears to have believed Penang to be in Sumatra (Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1896, p. 189).
Another related insect re-named in error is Mucirrus mellyz, Guér., which, as I have already recorded, is a Malayan form, not Ceylonese. The elongate palpi, which Brenske believed to characterize a second species (1. elegans), is a feature of the male of L. mellyz.
Another redundant name for a sexual form may be noted here. Moser has described as Hoplia thoracica an insect
a tC tll eee
On Mammals from Lumbo, Mozambique. . 29
from Sarawak, which he compares with the Javan H. auran- tiaca, Wat. He has overlooked H. aurata, Wat., from Sarawak, the type of which is a female, whereas his form is the male of the same species, differing from the female by opaque red scales replacing the glistening golden scales of the temale upon the front of the pronotum, the sides of the elytra and the legs.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE I.
Fig. 1. Rhizotrogus pallens, male and female. Fig. 2. Rhizotrogus rufus, male and female.
Fig. 3. Empecta disparilis, male and female. Fig. 4. Rhizotrogus gravis, male and female.
The male of each on the left. All natural size.
IV.—On a small Collection of Mammals from Lumbo, Mozambique. By OLDFIELD 'J'HOMAS.
(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)
THANKS to the generosity of Lord Swaythling, the British Museum has been enabled to acquire a small collection of mammals obtained during the recent Hast-African campaign by Mr. Arthur Loveridge at Lumbo—a place on the main- land opposite the island of Mozambique, in Portuguese Hast Africa.
This region has been exceedingly little worked, and, apart from the specimens collected by Peters at Cabaceira, and. mentioned in his work on Mozambique, and a few brought home by Dr. Kirk, almost no mammals from it have come into the hands of zoolopists.
As a consequence, I have thought it worth while to give a list of the species obtained by Mr. Loveridge.
1. Crocidura hirta, Peters. S230.
This shrew is in changing pelage, and gives a_ striking example of the peculiar colour-changes described in Mr. Doll- man’s Monograph * as occurring in the species.
* Ann, & Mag, Nat. Hist. (8) xvi. p. 71 (1915).
30 Mr. O. Thomas on
2. Petrodromus (Mesoctenus) rovume, Thos.
dg. 206, 207, 208, 214, 220; 9. 209, 210, 211, 212, 215, 216, 219, 221, 222, 223. 994, 225, 226.
This fine series of a species hitherto very insufficiently represented is of particular importance, as some doubt appeared possible in regard to the relation of the thickened tail-bristles to the age of the individual—a point on which its distinction as representing a special subgenus mainly depended. For it might have proved that in old age the bristles of this species became as knobby as they are in the subgenus Cerco- ctenus. Now, however, I am able to record that not in the oldest specimens do the bristles become like those of P. sultan, the type of Cercoctenus, while, on the other hand, every individual that has its permanent teeth in place has some thickened bristles present, none occurring in true restricted Petrodromus. Certainly the bristles do increase in number and knobbiness with age, but they never equal those of Cerecetenus. The bristles of the males also seem to become in old age more knobby than those of the females.
The palatal vacuities are in most cases of considerable size, but in scme individuals are almost completely absent, so that there is no absolute constancy in the character, although it. has undoubtedly a certain average value.
It was largely on this character that I separated mossam- bicus of Cabaceira from rovwme of the Rovuma River; but-> it now appears that the character is not to be trusted when ouly individual specimens are available.
As to the other character of mossamlicus (the slaty grey on the belly-hairs) there is in this series a most surprising and abnormal range. of variation—from none at all to cases where each hair is broadly slaty at base. In consequence, I think that the name mossambicus should be withdrawn and all of these southern forms of J/esoctenus should be referred to rovume. It is, of course, still possible that a subspecific difference in colour may prove to exist when good Rovuma skins are available, but for the present the name rovume should be used for all.
3. Mungos mossambicus, Matsch. dg. 204, 235; 2. 205.
Practically topotypes, the name having been based on a specimen obtained by Peters at Cabaceira.
Mammals from Lumbo, Mozambique. 31
4. Helogale ivori, sp. n.
S. 227, 228; ¢. 200, 229, 233, 234.
A buffy species, resembling H. victorina in colour, but H. brunnula in its comparatively small size.
Size small, skull not or barely reaching 50 mm. in length. General colour very uniform buffy—that is to say, the body is so buffy that the limbs and tail are less contrasted with it than usual. Back nearest to “ cinnamon-buff,” the usual fine brown and whitish ticking of the hairs modifying it less than in other species. Under surface strong ochraceous tawny. Muzzle and cheeks more tawny. Crown slightly greyer and rump a little more ochraceous than back, but these contrasts are very markedly less conspicuous than in the Mweru H. varia. Limbs ochraceous tawny. Tail rather shorter than in other species, grizzled buffy above, strong ochraceous- tawny below.
Skull small, about as in H. brunnula, markedly smaller than in the Central and LEast-African forms victorina, rufula, &e.
Dimensions of male and female (the first the type) :-—
Head and body 242, 210 mm.; tail 145, 140; hind foot 43, 40; ear 20), 20.
Skull: median length 49°8, 49°3; condylo-basal length 49-3, 49°2; zygomatic breadth 28-3, 27:2 ; interorbital breadth 10°3, 9°8; palatal length 24:2, 243; maxillary tooth-row ser ee br
Type. Adult male, Original number 228. Killed 22nd October, 1918.
This species is conspicuously more buffy and less rufous than Peters’s AH. undulata, which was described from Mos- simboa, some distance further northward. It hasa superficial resemblance to the Uganda form H. victorina, but is smaller, more uniform in colour, and the tail is decidedly shorter. ‘The Mweru species H. varia, which seems to have as short a tail, is larger, and has an unusually dark grey crown and more strongly buffy rump, both contrasting with the dorsal colour more than in HZ. tvori.
Named after the Hon. Ivor Montagu, to whose interest in small mammals the donation of the specimens is mainly due.
5. Paraxerus flavivittis mossambicus, subsp. n.
_ 9. 202. Lumbo, Ist September, 1918. Type. Median dorsal area a mixture of blackish and buffy, which
32 Mr. O. Thomas on
results in a general colour something between ‘ olive-brown ” and “ Chetura drab,” therefore very different from the “ ferrugineus ” and ‘‘rostbraun” of Peters’s description of flavivittis, Under surface white, with a faint tinge of buffy on the belly ; the hairs white to their bases; line of demar- cation on sides not sharply defined. Colour of lateral light stripes practically white or ivory-colour, not “ flavidus’’ or “hell-gelb ” as in true flavivittis. Dark line below them like the middle back above them. ‘Top of muzzle grizzled ochra- ceous. Crown and nape dark grey, without buffy or fulvous intermixture. Facial lines well defined, alternately dark brown and white. Shoulders ochraceous, the withers between them also more tinged with this colour than the main dorsal area. Ears whitish buffy. Front of fore limbs and top of hands ochraceous; inner side of limb whitish. Outer side of hips greyish buffy, top of hind feet strong buffy. Tail-hairs ringed with black and pale buffy, their tips broadly buffy, those of the terminal hairs stronger buffy ; middle line of under surface ochraceous.
Skull apparently as in flavivittis, though the nasals are considerably broader behind than in Peters’s figure.
Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—
Head and body 175 mm.; tail 175 ; hind foot 40; ear 18.
Skull: greatest length 41; condylo-incisive length 37 ; zygomatic breadth 24 ; nasals, length 12°3, posterior breadth 7°5 ; upper tooth-series 8.
Hab. and type as above.
In his description of P. flavivittis Peters mentioned two localities for the species—Mossimboa, on the coast, about 11° S., and Cabaceira, near Mozambique,—the second being almost exactly the present locality. But the differences in colour from his description and figure shown by Mr. Love- ridge’s specimen are so material that there are evidently two subspecies of the animal, and it is obvious that the first- named place—Mossimboa—should be taken as the type- locality.
Judging by a specimen from still further north which has been hitherto taken as P. flavivittis, the back of that animal is probably a strong fulvous ochraceous, very different from the dark brownish of P. f. mossambicus.
This specimen is a peculiarly welcome accession to the Museum collections, as P. flavivittis was one of the only two species which I was not able to allocate to their restricted genera when dividing the African squirrels in 1909*,
* Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) iii. p. 475 (1909).
Mammals from Lumbo, Mozambique. 33
Mr. Loveridge’s example now shows that it is unquestionably a typical Paraxerus.
Within that genus it renders verbally incorrect my statement, when describing Tamiscus*, that the species of Paraxerus, as there restricted, were ‘‘ of uniform colour, or at most with an indistinct whitish line down each side of the back,” for the light lines of P. flavivitiis are exceedingly conspicuous, and anything but indistinct. But none the less the striping is quite unlike that in the black-striped Tamiscus, and is only an intensification of the indistinct whitish lines referred to.
6. Taterona sp. 3d. 199.
Not determinable on a single specimen.
7. Steatomys loveridgei, sp. n.
&. 201. Ast October, 1918. Type.
A small pale-coloured species with slender teeth.
Hairs of back little over 6 mm. in length. Colour very much paler than in other species, the dorsal area near wood- brown, the tips of the hairs pale avellaneous. Sides markedly paler, the hairs with a whitish zone below the pale avellaneous tips. Underside pure sharply defined white. Crown like back; cheeks lighter, like flanks. ars large, a distinct white patch behind and below their posterior base. Fore limbs wholly white. Hind limbs white, with a narrow line of the flank colour running down to the ankle. ‘T'ail white, slightly darkened on the upper surface by the presence of a few barely perceptible blackish hairs; its end quite white.
Skull, as compared with that of S. pratensis, much smaller, narrower, and with very small brain-case. Molars decidedly smaller and more slender.
Dimensions of the type :—
Head and body 77 mm.; tail 35; hind foot 15; ear 18.
Skull: greatest length 22°5; condylo-incisive length 20°83 ; zygomatic breadth 10°5 ; nasals 9 ; interorbital breadth 3°6 ; breadth of brain-case 10 ; palatilar length 10; palatal fora- mina 5°2; upper molar series 3°4 ; breadth of m! 1:1.
This little “ fat-mouse ” is much smaller than S. pratensis, and is probably most nearly allied to the S. menutus of Angola. But its molars are more slender than in the latter, with the anterior lamina of m* more elongate, and externally
* Ann, & Mag. Nat, Hist. (9) 1. p. 83 (1918). Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol, iv. 3
34 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on the
it is distinguishable by its paler colour, larger ears, and practically white tail.
In naming it after Mr. Loveridge I wish to bear testimony to the enthusiasm which resulted in the preparation of a small mammal collection during the difficulties incidental to a trying campaign.
8. Grammomys sp. Ou, 98: This specimen has unfortunately lost its bulla, so that its
determination is doubtful ; but it is probably referable to (7. surdaster, Thos. & Wr.
V.—A List of the Freshwater Fishes of Sierra Leone. By G. A. Boutencer, F.R.S.
(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)
WHEN describing some new fishes discovered by Mr. N. W. Thomas in these ‘ Annals’ in 1915 (ser. 8, vol. xv. p. 202), I observed that the exploration of the freshwater fauna of Sierra Leone had not received much attention, and that the number of species of fishes with which I was then acquainted amounted only to eighteen. Thanks to further collections made shortly after by Mr. Thomas and quite recently by Mr. A. F. Wingate, the number has now risen to fifty-eight,
and it is of interest to give a list of all the species which can now be recorded :—
Polypteridz. Polypterus palmas, Ayres. Lepidosirenide. Protopterus annectens, Ow. Mormyrida.
Petrocephalus simus, Sauy. Isichthys henryi, Gill. Marcusenius brachistius, Gill. Gnathonenwus mento, Bley. thomasi, Blgr.
Freshwater Fishes of Sierra Leone.
Notopterida. Notopterus afer, Gthr. Xenomystus nigri, Gthr. Clupeide. Pellonula leonensis, Bley. Characinide.
Sarcodaces odoé, Bl.
Alestes longipinnis, Gthr, nurse, Riipp.
rutilus, Blgy. macrolepidotus, OC. & V. Nannocharax fasciatus, Gthr. ansorgw, Bley.
Cyprinide, Labeo obscurus, Pellegr. Barbus spurrelli, Blgr. leonensis, Bley. Barilius steindachnert, Bley. Siluridz.
Clarias liberiensis, Stdr. Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, Lacep. walkert, Gthr.
Auchenoglanis occidentalis, C. & V. Noteglandium thomasi, Bley. Liauchenoglanis maculatus, Blgr. Malopterurus electricus, Gm.
Cyprinodontidz.
Fundulus sjoestedti, Lonnhb. Haplochilus fasciolatus, Gthr. chaperi, Sauy. spilauchen, A. Dum, macrurus, Bley.
—— bifasciatus, Stdr. annulatus, Bley.
Scorpidida. Psettus sebe, C. & V. Gerridz. Gerres melanopterus, Blky. Cichlide.,
Tilapia caudomarginata, Blgr. macrocephala, Blir. melanopleura, A. Dum.
36 Mr. R. E. Turner on the
Tilapia brevimanus, Bley. buettikofert, Hubr. Paratilapia thomast, Blegr. Pelmatochromis jentinki, Stdy. intermedius, Bley. buettikofert, Stdy.
— humilis, Bler.
puicher, Blgr. Hemichromis fasciatus, Peters. bimaculatus, Gill.
Gobiide. Eleotris lebretoni, Stdr. leonensis, Blgr. vittata, A. Dum. Gobius maindroni, Sauv. guineensis, Peters. Anahantide. Anabas kingsleye, Gthr. Ophiocephalida. Ophiocephalus obscurus, Gthr. Mastacembelida.
Mastacembelus loennbergii, Blgr.
Vi.—WNotes on the Ichneumonide in the British Museum.—LI. By Row anp KE. TurRNER, F.Z.S., F.E.S.
Tribe ACG NITINIL Chorischizus apicipennis, sp. ne
©. Castaneo-ferruginea; lobo mediano mesonoti apice, scutello basi, segmento mediano basi late, abdomine, valvulisque terebree nigris; tergitis primo secundoque fascia angusta mediana apicali, tergitis tertio, quarto, quintoque fascia interrupta apicali, post- scutelloque apice angustissime flavis ; antennis in medio tarsisque posticis infuscatis; alis hyalinis, anticis macula magna apicali fusca, venis nigris.
Long. 10 mm. ; terebre long. 4 mm.; antennarum long. 6 mm.
Q@. Antenne 28-jointed ; third joint nearly twice as long as the fourth; the apical joint large, as long as the two
Ichneumonidee in the British Museum. 37
penultimate joints combined. Mandibles bidentate at the apex ; clypeus broadly truncate at the apex, closely punc- tured; face closely and finely punctured, slightly raised longitudinally in the middle and on the inner orbits. Eyes parallel on the face, separated from the mandibles by a distance distinctly exceeding the breadth of the mandibles at their base. Front deeply concave in the middle, smooth and shining, with a median carina reaching the anterior ocellus, finely punctured along the inner orbits. Vertex shining, very sparsely punctured, the head transverse, scarcely nar- rowed behind the eyes. Notauli deep; mesonotum shining, with a few fine scattered punctures, more closely punctured on the middle of the median lobe; mesopleure tinely and rather sparsely punctured ; scutellum smooth and shining, with a deep, transverse, longitudinally striated groove at the base; postscutellum strongly concave laterally. Median segment short; areola rectangular, nearly twice as broad as long, external areas well defined ; the apical slope of the segment oblique, shining and almost smooth, with three rather strong arched stria at the base; spiracles large, ellip- tical. Abdomen smooth and shining ; first segment broadened from the base, at least twice as long as its apical breadth ; second segment at least twice as broad at the apex as long. Radial cell at the apex further from the stigma than from the apex of the wing; second recurrent nervure received well beyond the transverse cubital nervure; nervulus prefurcal ; disco-cubital nervure with a distinct ramellus; nervellus intercepted close to the middle. Hind legs long and stout ; coxe sparsely, femora closely punctured ; hind metatarsus a little shorter than the four apical tarsal joints combined ; tarsal ungues very large. Hypopygium lanceolate, produced beyond the apex of the abdomen.
flab. Yallingup,S8.W. Australia; November 1913 (Turner). iy.
This differs structurally from the European Phenolobus arator, Rossi, in the presence of a ramellus on the fore wing and in sculpture, but can hardly be separated generically.
Subfamily Opzronrvz.
Tribe CAMPOPLEGINI.
Campoplea negatus, sp. n.
Q@. Nigra; mandibulis, apice excepto, palpis, tegulis, coxisque
38 Mr. R. E. Turner on the
trochanteribusque anticis flavis; pedibus anticis, coxis tro- chanteribusque exceptis, intermediisque, coxis exceptis, ochra- ceis; abdomine, supra spe nigrolineato, pedibusque posticis, coxis trochanteribusque exceptis, brunneo-ferrugineis ; alis sub- hyalinis, iridescentibus, venis fusco-ferrugineis ; terebre valvulis nigris.
g. Femine similis; trochanteribus posticis brunneo-ferrugineis, basi nigris.
Long., 9 15 mm., ¢ 12 mm.
¢. Antenne 60-jointed, scarcely longer than the abdomen, third joint a little less than twice as long as the fourth. Mandibles broad, bidentate at the apex, the upper tooth longer than the lower. Face and clypeus finely punctured- granulate, sparsely covered with white pubescence. Eyes separated from the mandibles by a distance less than half the breadth of the mandibles at the base; front and vertex very finely and closely punctured-granulate. Thorax very closely and finely punctured ; notauli well marked in front, becoming obsolete posteriorly. Median segment transversely rugulose, very shallowly longitudinally impressed from base to apex; the external areas well defined apically, but not laterally ; spiracles large, elongate. First tergite distinctly swollen at the apex, more than half as long again as the second. Hind calearia less than half as long as the metatarsus. Areolet somewhat variable in shape, sometimes pointed on the radius, sometimes showing a distinct radial margin, the cubital margin with a distinct angle in the middle at the point of reception of the second recurrent nervure. Nervulus rather strongly postfurcal. Discoidella almost obsolete, nervellus straight.
Hab. Mt. Wellington, 8. Tasmania, 2300 ft., January 15- February 6, 1913 (Zurner),4 9 2,1 ¢. EHaglehawk Neck, S.E. ‘Tasmania, February 1913 (Turner), 1 2. Victoria (C. French), 19,1. Hobart (J. J. Walker), 12.
Campoplex extraneus, sp. 0.
3. Very close to C. negatus described above, but differs in colour, the scape being fusco-ferruginous and the inter- mediate and hind coxee ferruginous brown. ‘The areolet is distinctly but very shortly petiolate.
Length 10-11 mm.
Antenne 52-jvinted, as long as the whole insect.
Hab. Yallingup, S.W. Australia; October (Turner). 236.
Ichneumonidee in the British Museum. 39
Subfamily Cryerrvz. Tribe MESOSTENINI. Buodias gilberti, sp. n.
Q. Nigra; pedibus testaceis, posticis femoribus tibiisque apice nigris ; tarsis posticis flavidulis, articulo apicali nigro; palpis flavidulis; antennis 34-articulatis, articulis 7-14 albidis; alis hyalinis, stigmate venisque nigris.
Long. 14 mm.; terebre long. 5 mm.; antennarum long. 12 mm.
?. Clypeus closely and rather finely pnnctured; face sparsely punctured on the sides, punctured-rugose in the middle; front concave, smooth and shining between and above the antenne, finely transversely rugulose below the anterior ocellus, with a distinct longitudinal carina, the sides sparsely punctured, Vertex very finely and sparsely punc- tured. Antenne filiform; the third, fourth, and fifth joints subequal, each nearly twice as long as the scape. Meso- notum closely and not very finely punctured, parapsidal furrows deep; scutellum convex and almost smooth in the middle, the sides coarsely obliquely striated. Median segment with a transverse carina, deeply emarginate posteriorly before the middle, the base of the segment before the carina finely rugulose, with a small basal area which is strongly narrowed towards the apex ; spiracles rather small, oblong, the trans- verse carina curved below them and running to the base of the segment, thus forming a large enclosed area on each side; beyond the carina the segment is coarsely obliquely rugose- striate, with an almost obsolete strongly arched apical carina, the apical angles produced into a short, blunt, subtriangular Spine; the posterior slope coarsely transversely rugose- striate and slightly concave, the dorsal surface broader than long. First tergite as long as the hind coxe plus two-thirds of the first joint of the hind trochanters, the basal half forming a slender petiole; second tergite about one-third longer than its apical breadth, finely and rather closely punctured ; third tergite broader than long, slightly narrowed to the apex and minutely and closely punctured, as also are the remaining tergites. Areolet small, four-sided, the first transverse cubital nervure very short, only half as long as the second ; recurrent nervure received close to the apex of the areolet.
Hab. Mackay, Queensland (Turner). 2 2? 9.
Very near the Solomon Island species Mesostenus insularis, Cam., but differs in the black apices of the hind femora and
Ai) Mr. R. E. Turner on the
tibia, in the paler hind tarsi, and in the distinctly longer second tergite. The terebra 1s also distinctly longer than in insularis. Also, but more distantly, related to B. unicolor, Turn., from New Caledonia. Aithough faint indications of a second transverse carina are present on the median segment of this species, I consider it is better placed in Buodias than in Mesostenus. But Cameron’s genera in the Cryptine are often founded on small characters of doubtful value, and Buodias may lave to sink as a synonym of Mesostenoideus.
Xanthocryptus monticolus, sp. n.
©. Fulvo-ferruginea; clypeo, labro, fronte fascia mediana longitu- dinali supra dilatata, orbitis internis, orbitis externis latissime, genis, pronoto linea ante alas, mesopleuris macula elevata infra alas, scutello linea obliqua utrinque, lineaque apicali, antennis articulis 7-11, tarsisque posticis articulo primo apice, secundo, tertio, quartoque basi albo-flavidis; capite, antennis, valvulis terebre, tarsisque posticis articulis primo, quintoque nigris; alis hyalinis, venis nigris.
Long. 15 mm.; terebre long. 7 mm.; antennarum long. 13 mm.
g. Antenne 25-jointed, joints 8-5 very long and slender, each more than twice as long as the sixth joint, all the joints longer than broad. Mandibles strong, bidentate at the apex, the outer tooth the longest. Labrum exposed, rounded at the apex ; clypeus very broadly rounded at the apex, with a minute tubercle in the middle of the apical margin. Eyes very feebly converging towards the clypeus, the mandibles separated from the eyes by a distance about equal to their own basal breadth. Face and clypeus finely and not very closely punctured ; the face less than twice as Jong as the clypeus. Front and vertex microscopically punctured, the front feebly concave. Thorax minutely punctured, notauli deep and smooth; secutellum not much raised, strongly narrowed to the apex, with a smooth transverse depression at the base; mesopleure finely striolate, smooth and shining posterioly. Median segment minutely punctured at the base, with a transverse carina arched in the middle and another transverse carina at the base of the posterior slope, the space between the caring very coarsely obliquely striated, the poste- rior slope less coarsely obliquely striated; the dorsal surface twiee as broad as long, without spines at the angles ; the sides of the segment finely punctured ; spiracles large, elongate- ovate. Abdomen very finely shagreened ; first segment very narrow at the base, the spiracles situated behind the middle,
Ichneumonide tn the British Museum. 41
much nearer to each other than to the apex of the segment, behind the spiracles the segment broadens rapidly to the apex ; second segment a little longer than its apical breadth ; third twice as broad as long; hypopygium short, not reaching the apex of the abdomen. Hind legs long and rather stout; hind metatarsus as long as the four apical tarsal joints com- bined ; ungues large, simple. Areolet very small, rectangular, a little longer than high; the second transverse cubital ° nervure not developed, but represented by a faint cloud; nervulus prefurcal ; nervellus intercepted just below the middle.
Hab. Mt. Wellington, Tasmania ; January 1913 ( Turner). eS
This genus was founded by Cameron in 1901 for a species from New Britain, and later he added species from New Guinea and the Solomons. From these the present species differs in details of colour and sculpture and in the presence of an apical carina on the dorsal surface of the median seg- ment. I have never taken a species of this genus in Australia, but apparently Aesostenus physoscelus, Brullé, described from. Australia, should be placed here. I think Cameron was probably correct in placing this genus in the Mesostenini, though it is somewhat aberrant.
Tribe HEMITELINI.
Camptolyne froggatti, sp. n,
Q. Ferruginea; capite, segmentisque abdominalibus quinto sequenti- busque nigris, quarto etiam plerumque nigro; tergitis apice pallide flavo-marginatis ; antennis brunneo- ferrugineis, apice nigris ; femoribus posticis apice, tibiis posticis, basi albo-annu- latis, tarsis posticis valvulisque terebre nigris; alis hyalinis, anticis posticisque ante apicem latissime fusco-fasciatis, venis nigris, stigmate nigro, basi flavo-maculato.
3. Femine similis ; mesonoto, scutelloque lateribus fuscis ; tergito tertio nigro, apice late albido-marginato, angulis apicalibus in dente fortiter productis ; tergitis quarto sequentibusque albidis, lateribus nigro-maculatis.
Long., 2 6°5, ¢ 5mm.
?. Head transverse, narrowed behind the eyes; front and vertex very closely punctured-rugulose. Antenne nearly as long as the whole insect ; the third and fourth joints equal in length, each almost twice as long as the scape. Mesonotum irregularly rugulose, transversely and with interspersed
“42 Mr. R. E. Turner on the
punctures anteriorly, obliquely and more coarsely posteriorly ; the notauli distinct, meeting each other beyond the middle of the seement, which is feebly depressed in the middle poste- riorly. Scutellum longitudinally rugose-striate ; with a deep transverse depression at the base, in which are several longi- tudinal carine ; the sides of the scutellum with marginal carine, the apex narrowly rounded. Median segment short, * rugose, with a transverse carina at the apex, the areas obliterated by the coarse sculpture, the sides of the segment clothed with pale hairs. Abdomen coarsely longitudinally striated ; first tergite subsessile, a little longer than its apical breadth ; the spiracles situated near the middle of the lateral margins, a curved carina connecting them ; second tergite broadly transversely depressed before the apex, nearly twice as broad as long; third tergite more shallowly transversely depressed behind the middle, as long as the second segment ; the apical segments small. Terebra very short, the valvule projecting very little beyond the apex of the abdomen. Second transverse cubital nervure missing ; nervulus a little -prefurcal. Nervellus elbowed and intercepted just below the middle.
Hab. Moree, New South Wales, February—April (F’rog- gatt); 2 9 9%. Mackay, Queensland, October—May (Turner) ; 1,429. Hermannsburg, Central Australia (Hl. J. Liber); a2.
The genus was founded by Cameron in 1911 for three species from Ceylon and India, which are closely related to the Australian species. The spines on the male abdomen are on the third tergite in this species, not on the fourth, as stated by Cameron in the description of his species.
Camptolyna ruficornis, sp. n.
®. Nigra; mandibulis, palpis tegulisque flavis; antennis, seg- mentis abdominalibus tribus basalibus pedibusque rufo-testaceis ; alis hyalinis, venis fuscis, anticis fascia fusca sub stigmate venam recurrentem non superante, stigmate dimidio basali flavo.
Long. 6 mm.
9. Antenne 27-jointed; the basal joints long, the third and fourth each nearly twice as long as the scape. Face very finely and closely punctured, convex in the middle ; front and vertex finely punctured-rugulose. Mesonotum closely obliquely striate, the median lobe deeply separated from the lateral and extending nearly to the posterior margin, with a narrow, impressed, longitudinal line. Scutellum iregularly
Ichneumonids: in the British Aluseum. 43
rugose-striate longitudinally, with distinct lateral carine. Median segment short, rugulose, with a small basal area which is narrowed towards the apex ; the apical carina forms part of an arched carina which is continued in the lateral carine of the posterior slope ; spiracles small and rounded. First tergite a little longer than its apical breadth, subsessile, longitudinally striated, with a curved groove joining the two spiracles, which are as far from the apex of the segment as from each other. Second tergite nearly twice as broad at the apex as long, granulate, with a coarsely longitudinally striated groove before the apex ; third tergite coarsely granulate at the base, with a broad curved groove beyond the middle, the segment beyond the groove closely longitudinally striated ; fourth tergite delicately longitudinally striated; fifth and sixth tergites shining, finely punctured ; apical segment whitish and smooth. Valvulse projecting about 1 mm. beyond the apex of the abdomen. Transverse cubital nervure very short; nervulus slightly pre-fureal. The fuscous band of the fore wing is much narrower than in C. froggatti, and reaches from the middle of the stigma to the middle of radial cell, and thence crosses the wing, not quite reaching the lower margin.
Hab. Mackay, Queensland; September, March, and April (Turner) 9 5°99.
In a specimen from Moree, New South Wales, taken by Froggatt in March 1918 the fuscous band of the fore wing is almost entirely obliterated.
Subfamily Tryeuxoniwz. Tribe THYMARINI. Gidemopsis hobartensis, sp. n.
@. Nigra; capite, thorace, postscutello excepto, pedibusque anticis rufis; antennis 34-articulatis, nigris, articulis 17-18 albis; abdomine subtus albido-variegato, tergitis 3~7 apice anguste albo- marginatis; alis subhyalinis, iridescentibus, venis nigris, stigmate fusco-ferrugineo.
3. Femine similis.
Long. 6 mm.; terebre long. 1 mm.; ¢, long. 6-7 mm.
9. Head subglobose; eyes almost parallel on the inner margins, sparsely covered with short hairs. Antennee filiform, distinctly shorter than the whole insect ; front finely and closely punctured. Clypeus very large, divided into two portions by an arched carina, which is intercepted in the
dt Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.
middle by a small semicircular depression, the basal portion porrect, the apical portion strongly deflexed ; mandibles bidentate at the apex, the upper tooth the longest. Thorax minutely punctured, the notauli deep and finely crenulate ; scutellum with a rather shallow, transverse, closely longitu- dinally striated groove at the base. Median segment coarsely rugose ; areola rather ill-defined, long and narrow; petiolar area short. Abdomen elongate, narrow; the three basal segments longer than broad and punctured-rugulose ; the first tergite longitudinally striated at the base, more than three times as long as its apical breadth; second tergite twice as long as its apical breadth ; apical tergites shining, minutely punctured. Neuration not differing from typical Gdemopsis.
&. Antenne a little longer than the whole insect, with two or three more joints than in the female, and without a white ring. First tergite more coarsely striated than in the female. Clypeus nearly flat, as long as the face, not divided by a carina.
Hab. Eaglehawk Neck, 8.E. Tasmania, February 1913 (Turner); 192. Mt. Wellington, Tasmania, March 12-21, 1913 (Turner); 2 3¢.
This is the first record of this small genus from the Aus- tralian region. I follow Thomson in placing the genus in the Tryphoninz, though some authors consider that it is better placed among the Pimpline. Morley’s amendment of the generic name to dematopsis appears to me unnecessary. —
Vil.—WNotes on Fossorial Hymenoptera—XXXVIII. On new Ethiopian Species. By Rowuanp E. TuRNER, F.Z.S., F.E.S. ;
Family Scoliide. Subfamily Hzrprvz.
Elis (Mesa) fusiformis, sp. n.
3g. Niger; mandibulis apice fusco-ferrugineis; segmento abdo- minali septimo, tergitoque sexto apice ferrugineis ; femoribus, tibiis tarsisque brunneo-ferrugineis ; tergitis 2-5 fascia apicali bisinuata, sternitisque 2-4 macula parva apicali utrinque sordide luteis ; alis hyalinis, venis fuscis.
Long. 10 mm.
Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 45
3. Clypeus short and broad, very broadly rounded at the apex, closely punctured-rugulose and clothed with whitish hairs. Head closely and strongly punctured, the front rugose, interantennal prominence strongly raised, broad and emar- ginate at the apex. Antennee moderately stout, about 7mm. in length, third and fourth joints of the flagellum subequal, each at least half as long again as the second, the first almost concealed, the four subapical joints feebly arcuate beneath. Kyes shallowly emarginate on the middle of the inner margin. Thorax closely and not very coarsely punctured ; pronotum as long asthe scutellum, feebly narrowed anteriorly. Median segment very closely and rather strongly punctured-rugose, the whole thorax and median segment clothed with whitish hairs, very sparsely on the dorsal surface, more closely on the sides. Abdomen shallowly, but not very finely punc- tured ; the petiole of the first segment half as long as its strongly broadened apical portion, second segment as long as the first without the petiole, nearly twice as broad at the apex as at the base, the third segment the broadest. Seventh tergite longitudinally striated, the apex smooth, with a deep but very narrow apical siit ; hypopygium forming the usual recurved aculeus, but shorter than in most species of the genus. Hind tibiee serrate. bird abscissa of the radius a little longer than the second, much longer than the fourth.
Hab. Kraaitontein, Cape Colony (Lightfoot).
‘l'ype in the South African Museum.
A rather aberrant species in the fusiform shape of the abdomen, and in the sculpture and apical slit of the seventh tergite.
Family Sphegide. Subfamily Amwpozrrerv2. Ampulex toroensis, sp. n.
@. Viridi-ceerulea ; mandibulis, palpis, flagello articulis 3-11, secundoque apice, tarsisque articulis duobus apicalibus nigris ; alis fusco-hyalinis, fusco obscure bifasciatis.
3. Femine similis, antennis tarsisque omnino nigris,
Long., 2 20 mm., g 13 mm.
9. Carina of the clypeus produced into a short blunt tooth at the apex, with a blunt tooth on each side. Head produced and strongly narrowed behind the eyes; the frontal caring prominent, not nearly reaching the level of the anterior ocellus ; vertex coarsely punctured, with distinct transverse
46 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossortal Hymenoptera.
strize posteriorly ; front rather less coarsely punctured, the area between the frontal carinze with a tendency to oblique striation. Second joint of the flagellum twice as long as the third, the latter less than three times as long as its apical breadth. Eyes strongly convergent towards the vertex, where they are separated by a distance equal to about three- quarters of the length of the second joint of the flagellum. Pronotum nearly as broad in the middle as long, produced posteriorly into a strong tubercle, transversely stiiated in the middle, smooth at the base and apex, not punctured, propleuree smooth. Mesonotum sparsely, scutellum very sparsely, mesopleuree rather more closely punctured, the scutellum with the usual transverse crenulated groove at the base. Median segment transversely striated, the second carina nearly twice as far from the median carina as from the third at the base, the apical area of the dorsal surface not well defined, the teeth at the apical angles strong and subtriangular. Abdomen smooth and shining, second tergite as long as its greatest breadth. Fourth tarsal joint half as long as the fifth and fully as long as the third in the middle ; hind tibiz very sparsely punctured. Fourth abscissa of the radius about half as long as the second transverse cubital nervure, first trans- verse cubital nervure indicated, but subobsolete.
3. Clypeus broadly rounded at the apex, without teeth, and rather densely clothed with grey hairs. Head coarsely punctured, the frontal caring produced posteriorly and meeting behind the anterior ocellus, the space between them with distinct oblique strize and a median longitudinal carina. Second joint of flagellum more than half as long again as the third ; eyes less strongly convergent towards the vertex than in the female, separated by a distance scarcely less than the length of the second joint of the flagellum. Thorax rather more closely punctured than in the female, the pronotum with distinct punctures. Abdomen closely and strongly punctured ; the third tergite sparsely clothed with cinereous hairs.
Hab. Fort Portal Road, Mbarara, Southern Toro, Uganda Protectorate, 2800-4200 ft., October 22-24, 1911 (S. A. Neave); 19. Tigger, Uganda, October 3, 1901 (C. S. Betton); 16.
Somewhat resembles A. crawshay?, 'Turn., but in that species (2) the mandibles are red, the wings almost hyaline, the head not produced posteriorly and scarcely narrowed behind the eyes ; the frontal carinee meet behind the anterior ocellus, and the front tarsal joint is shorter, in addition to other differences. The female is the type.
Type in British Museum.
Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 47:
Ampulex cyanura, Kohl. Ampulex cyanura, Kohl, Ann, naturh. Hofmus. Wien, viii. p. 471 (1893). 9. Ampulex africana, Cam, Rec, Albany Mus, i. p. 256 (1905). ¢.
Ampulex nitidicollis, sp. n.
@. Viridis; mandibulis, flagello articulis 3-11 secundoque dimidio apicali, tarsisque, articulo basali excepto, nigris; alis fusco- hyalinis, fusco obscure bivittatis.
Long. 19 mm,
2. Clypeus broadly rounded anteriorly, strongly longitu- dinally carinate in the middle, without Jateral teeth. Eyes strongly convergent towards the vertex, where they are sepa- rated by a distance scarcely exceeding three-quarters of the length of the second joint of the flagellum. Head not pro- duced behind the eyes and not much narrowed posteriorly, very minutely and closely punctured, with a few larger but shallow scattered punctures ; the two frontal carine parallel and not nearly reaching the level of the anterior ocellus. Pronotum fully as long as its median breadth, narrowed anteriorly, without strie, with a few scattered punctures, depressed and subconcave anteriorly, raised and subtubercu- Jate in the middle posteriorly, without a distinct median sulcus. Mesonotum and scutellum very sparsely punctured. Median segment nearly as long as its median breadth, strongly transversely striated, the striz closer and finer between the second and third lateral carine than elsewhere, the second carina at least half as far again from the median at the base as from the third, the three median carine not extending to the apex and leaving a well-defined apical area; the teeth at the apical angles of the segment broad and not very long, slightly curved, and not very acute at the apex. Abdomen almost smooth ; second tergite fully as long as its greatest breadth, the sides only slightly convex ; segments 4-6 rather strongly compressed laterally. Fourth joint of the hind tarsi less than half as long as the fifth and much shortcr than the third ; hind tibize very sparsely punctured on the outer side. Fourth abscissa of the radius scarcely half as long as the second transverse cubital nervure; first transverse cubital nervure present, but not quite as strong as the second,
Hab. Damba Island, Victoria Nyanza; October 8, 1918 (C. G. Gowdey).
Type in British Museum.
In many points this resembles A. splendidula, Kohl, but
48 Mr. R. EK. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.
the eyes are much closer together on the vertex than described in that species, the fourth joint of the hind tarsi is shorter, and there are no lateral teeth on the clypeus. The sculpture, however, seems to be very similar.
Subfamily Spzzcrwz. Sphex (Coloptera) crassifemoralis, sp. n.
3. Nigra; mandibulis, apice excepto, flagello articulis sex basalibus, pronoto lateribus, callis humeralibus, tegulis, mesonoto utrinque ante tegulas, petiolo subtus, sternitis, in medio nigro-suffusis, tergito septimo, pedibusque ferrugineis; femoribus, trochante- ribus intermediis posticisque coxisque posticis, supra nigris ; tibiis posticis supra nigrolineatis; alis sordide flavo-hyalinis, apice leviter infumatis, venis ferrugineis ; pronoto mesonotoque fortiter transverse striatis; scutello postscutelloque fortiter longitudinaliter striatis, convexis, haud lamellato-productis ; tergito septimo apice late truncato.
Long. 22 mm,
3. Clypeus broadly truncate at the apex, broader than long. Hyes distinctly, but not very strongly convergent towards the clypeus ; posterior ocelli nearly half as far again from the eyes as from each other, and twice as far from the hind margin of the head as from each other. Head strongly narrowed behind the eyes, the clypeus and front densely clothed with pale golden pubescence. Propleuree coarsely rugulose ; mesopleure and sides of median segment irregu- larly obliquely striated, coarsely punctured “between the striz ; a broad band of pale golden pubescence on the meso- pleuree behind, a patch of the same below the humeral calli, and a patch on each side of the median segment at the apex. Dorsal surface of the median segment coarsely obliquely striate-reticulate. First joint of petiole a little shorter than the hind femur and trochanter combined ; second tergite sub- triangular, a little longer than its apical breadth. Hind femur stout and massive as compared with the allied species ; pulvillus large.
Hab. Southern slopes of Mt. Elgon, 5100 to 5800 ft. CS. A. Neave), June 8-13, 1911; Valley of Nzoia River, N. Kavi- rondo, 5100-5400 ft. (S. A. Weave), June 5-7, 1911.
Nearly allied to S. saussurei, Buyss., and S. tuberculiscutis, Turn., but is a more robust species, and differs in the simple scutellum and postscutellum, which are produced in a lamelli- form manner in the two species mentioned. The clypeus is very ditferent to that of twberculiscutis g, alse the pronotum, and the petiole is shorter.
Type in British Museum.
Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 49
Subfamily Parranrurw2z. — Cerceris reprasentans, sp. 0.
¢@. Nigra; mandibulis, apice excepto, clypeo, facie lateribus latis- sime, carina interantennali, orbitis externis fascia angusta ad marginem posteriorem capitis late producta, pronoto fascia inter- rupta, tegulis, scutello macula magna utrinque, postscutello, seg- mento mediano macula maxima utrinque, tergito primo macula magna utrinque, tergitis 2-5 fascia lata antice emarginata, coxis posticis supra, trochanteribus posticis, femoribus tibiisque subtus flavis; antennis, dimidio apicali supra infuscatis, femoribus tibiisque supra tarsisque ferrugineo-testaceis; area pygidiali ferruginea ; sternitis 2-5 utrinque macula magna flava, quinto sextoque testaceis ; alis subhyalinis, apice leviter infumatis, venis ferrugineis.
Long. 13 mm.
?. Mandibles with a large triangular tooth on the middle of the inner margin, blunt at the apex. Clypeus with a porrect lamella, which is free from the base, gradually nar- rowed towards the truncate apex and nearly twice as long as the apical breadth ; the portion of the clypeus below the Jamella short and transverse at the apex. Antenne inserted about four times as far from the anterior ocellus as from the base of the clypeus, interantennal carina well developed, second joint of the flagellum half as long again as the third. Head large, broader than the thorax, closely punctured, the front with a tendency to longitudinal striation. Mesonotum
foo) and scutellum irregularly longitudinally striate, punetured
oD
between the striz; mesopleure closely punctured, not tuber- culate. Median segment closely punctured; the basal area more or less strongly obliquely striated, with a low longi- tudinal carinain the middle. First tergite broader than long, second sternite without an elevated basal area; all the tergites sparsely punctured, -the sternites more finely punctured ; pygidial area granulate, almost parallel-sided, only a little narrowed at the base, nearly three times as long as the greatest breadth.
Hab. Masai Reserve, British Hast Africa, May 20, 1913 (Td. Anderson). 29 9.
In colouring this approaches the European C. ferreri, Lind., but is easily distinguished by the straight apex of the lamella of the clypeus, the sparse sculpture of the abdomen, the shape of the pygidial area, and the yellow spots on the scutellum. It is not at all nearly related to any of the Ethiopian species of this group described by Dr. Brauns.
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 4
50 Geological Society.
Cerceris barbifera, Bisch. Cerceris barbifera, Bisch. Deutsch. Zentr. Afrik. Exp. iii., Zool. i. p. 222 (1911). 9. ? Cercerts bagandarum, Turn, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) ii. p. 465: (1918). ¢ 9.
I think these are identical, but the median lobe of the clypeus in bagandarum is much broader and shorter than in Bischoff’s figure, which also omits the large triangular tooth on the inner side of the mandibles. These differences may be due to inaccuracies in the figure, as otherwise the description of barbifera agrees well with bagandarum. As LI have pre- viously suggested, I look on this and also on C. sodalis, Turn., as subspecies of C. diodonta, Schlett.
PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES. GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, December 18th, 1918.—Mr.G. W. Lamplugh, F.R.S., President, in the Chair.
The following communication was read :—
‘On a Bed of Interglacial Loess and some Pre-Glacial Fresh- water ae on the Durham Coast.’ By Charles Taylor Trechmann, D.Se., F.G.S
A few years ago the Author described a bed of Scandinavian drift that was found filing up a small pre-Glacial valley-like depression at Warren- House Gill on the Durham coast. ° This section and others north and south of it have been kept under observation at different times, and several new features have been noticed as the high tides and other agencies exposed parts of the coast.
Towards the southern end of the old pre-Glacial valley at Warren-House Gill a bed of material, varying from 4 to 12 feet in thickness, was found overlying the Magnesian Limestone and also the Scandinavian drift. This ate has been carefully examined chemically and microscopically, and proves to be identical in chemical and physical characters with a sample of the true Con- tinental loess. It is light brown or fawn in colour, very porous and extremely finely divided, and is devoid of plasticity. ‘Towards the base, w here it has not been disturbed since it was laid down, it contains a number of rounded and elongated, often very eae calcareous concretions. In the cliff-section it shows little or no trace of bedding, but tends to break down along vertical clefts and cracks. It passes upwards into a few feet of mater ial that consists of loess which has been partly redeposited by water, and is mixed with sand, gravel, and other material derived from the Scandinavian
drift. The bed of loess and redeposited loess-like drift has suffered
Geological Society. 5l
much decalcification and weathering; near its surface there was a large boulder of Norwegian titaniferous syenite which was super- ficially rotted, and decomposed to a considerable depth. Smaller granitic erratics in the redeposited loess are generally very much rotted. The limestone rubble and stones beneath the loess are strongly calereted, apparently by material leached out of the loess. In a fissure beneath the loess some mammalian bones were col- lected, including astragali of two species of Cervus. It is argued that the formation and subsequent decalcification of the loess deposit lying upon the Scandinavian drift indicates an Interglacial lapse of considerable duration, as great as that which Continental geologists call an Interglacial Period, before the overlying English and Scottish drift was deposited.
About 2 miles south of the Scandinavian drift-bed several fissures occur in the Magnesian Limestone cliffs and on the fore- shore, filled with various materials that were transported in front ot the earliest ice-sheet that advanced upon this part of the coast. The Author has already recorded the occurrence in these fissures of Upper Permian red and grey marls and dolomites with clay and peaty trees. Continued examination of two of the fissures where they are exposed between tide-marks on the shore, resulted in the finding of a quantity of freshwater mollusca, ostracoda, and fish- remains. Some mammalian remains also occurred, including those of an elephant (probably Hlephas meridionalis) and of a vole (Aimomys).
Vegetable matter has been washed from various parts of the clay. A large number of seeds came from a single patch of clay, and prove to be of Teglian age: they seem to represent a pre- Glacial flora, half of the species of which are either exotic or extinct. Seeds from other parts of the deposit appear to indicate a later horizon, and contain mainly living forms.
The deposit is a mixed one, and seems to have belonged to a series of late Pliocene and early Pleistocene beds that occupied part of the present area of the North Sea and were torn up by the advancing ice-sheet, like & great glacial erratic, and thrust into the fissures.
The fact that the Scandinavian drift in Durham contains only stones of Scandinavian origin has been confirmed, and the marine Arctic shells that occur in it were further collected and a few additions to the faunal list were made. The most interesting of these is Cyrtodaria siliqua Spengler, an American shell which has been recorded hitherto in Great Britain only from the Caith- ness Boulder Clays.
All the deposits described above are overlain and overridden by the main mass of local Cheviot and Northern drift that caps the
cliffs of the Durham coast.
A suggested correlation of the Durham sequence with the European drifts is attempted, and it is concluded that the fringe of the Scandinavian ice-cap that reached the Durham coast pro- bably corresponds with that of the second and greatest glaciation
52 Geological Society.
of Seandinavia, which some Continental geologists correlate with the Riss Stage of the Alps.
In that case, the main local drift of the north-eastern coast falls into the third and last Glacial Period of Northern Europe. ‘The evidence for Interglacial lapses in the local drifts is very in- conclusive.
All the observed features seem to point to the fact that the Scandinavian ice-sheet advanced on the east coast of England in the same way as it invaded Northern Europe round the southern shores of the Baltic, and gave rise to analogous climatic conditions leading to the formation of loess, a fragment of which is found protected from the erosive action of the later local glaciation in a small hollow on the Durham coast.
June 4th, 1919.—Mr. G. W. Lamplugh, F.RS., President, in the Chair. The following communication was read :—
‘On the Dentition of the Petalodont Shark, Climazxodus.’ By Arthur Smith Woodward, LL.D., F.R.S., P.L.S., F.G.S.
The author describes the nearly complete dentition of a new species of Climaxodus from the Calciferous Sandstone of Calder- side, near East Kilbride (Lanarkshire), now in the Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh. Nearly all the teeth are borne on the symphysis of the jaw, only the outer paired longitudinal series extending a little farther back over the rami. There are from three to five longitudinal series, each of tive or six teeth of the ordinary Climaxodus- type, covering the greater part of the sym- physis; and the flanking paired series, which extends farther back, comprises more depressed teeth, in which the cutting-edge forms a low blunt ridge. The two jaws are nearly similar ; but, as in Janassa, the upper seems to have been slightly wider than the lower jaw. The teeth rapidly increase in size backwards, also as in Janassa, but they must have been all retained in the mouth throughout life; while in Janassa only a single transverse row would be in function at one time, the ,older teeth being thrust beneath to form a supporting base. Climawxodus and Janassa are thus two distinct genera. These Petalodonts are especially noteworthy among the Elasmobranchii, because during the greater part of the life of each individual there cannot have been more than six or eight teeth in succession, a condition remarkably different from that in all ordinary sharks and skates in which the successional teeth are always very numerous and_ rapidly replaced. The same limited tooth-succession is to be observed in the Carboniferous Cochliodontide, and perhaps also in the contemporaneous Psammodontide. Most of the teeth of Cli- maxodus are also interesting as showing a restricted area of highly vascular dentine en resembling a tritor in the dental plate ‘of an ordinary Chimeroid. This character in Elasmobranch teeth which are peculiar for their slow and scanty succession, may have some special significance in connexion with ‘the origin of the
Chimeroids.
Periodicals published by TAYLOR & FRANCIS.
Published whe Hirst Day of every Month. —2s, 6d.
THE s LONDON, EDINBURGH, and DUBLIN
PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE
AND JOURNAL OF SCIENCE.
Conducted by
SIR OLIVER JOSEPH LODGE, D. Se., ED: ERS SIR JOSEPH JOHN THOMSON, O.M., M.A., Se. Ds ERS. JOHN JOLY, M.A., D.Sc., E.RS., E.GS., GEORGE CAREY FOSTER, B.A., DL: D., ERS. , and WILLIAM FRANCIS, ELS.
Published the First Day of every Month.—2s. 6d. THE
ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY
including Zoology, Botany, and Geolagy.
Conducted by WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, Ph.D., F.R-S., F.LS., F.G.s., ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY. M.A. Se.D., F. R. roe cia VA S., aid: RICHARD T. FRANCIS, E.ZS.
Founded in 1877. Monthly, 1 Annual Sybscription f Companion ’ and 12 Monthly Numbers), 13s.
THE OBSERVATORY, A MONTHLY REVIEW OF ASTRONOMY. Hdited by A. S. EDDINGTON, M.A., M.Sc., F-B.S.,
F. J. M. STRATTON, M.A., cat H. 8. JONES, M.A., B. Se. Its Contributors include most of the leading English-speaking Astronomers,
and its Articles give an interesting reflection of thie progress of astronomical : thought and achievement.
Published Monthly. Price 1s. 8d. Annual Subseription, 16s. post free.
THE
JOURNAL OF BOTANY BRITISH AND FOREIGN.
Edited by - JAMES BRITTEN, K.S.G., F.L.S.,
LATE SENIOR ASSISTANT, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, BRITISH MUSEUM,
Articles by Lanes Botanists; Announcements of Discoveries ; Reviews ; tanical News and Notes, &e., &e.
Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, London.
I. Papers on Oriental Carabide.—II. By H. E. Anprnwns .... 1
BYE IR Sete Soule <n My
II. The Myth of the Ship-holder : a Postseript. By EE. W.
Gouperr, American Museum of Natural History, New York City .. 1%
III. Systematic Notes on a few Melolonthine Coleoptera. By GursunrJ“Aprow. (Plate, 0) )s0. sic So a
Pin EES 8
IV. On a small Collection of Mammals from Lumbo, Mozambique.
By Oxvprrry TaeMas 65 eis eS. Pa ae ee leat : 29°
1
V. A List of the Freshwater Fishes of Sierra Leone. By G. A. Roviancwr, PRS. Ok ee ee
VI. Notes on the /chnewnonidw in the British Museum.—Il, By Rownano- Be Turner, B.Z.8.5 0 EBS. 5 22 Se eee ee ee ee 36
‘VIL. Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera. —XXXVIIT. On new 2 Ethiopian Species. By Rowzayp E. Torwer, F.Z.8., FES. ...... 44
PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES. Geological Society 3c. eS ele se ee ee 50
*,* Itis requested that all Communications for this Work may be addressed, 2 post-paid, to the Care of Messrs. Taylor and Francis, Printing ater eee Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, London. ie i
baky WE La
Bee ae > eer it oe N Na L 5
g MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,
INCLUDING - ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, Anp GEOLOGY,
teen pels Chater nen
ees
bal Aa 0 ey far Seta
CONDUCTED BY
"WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, Pu.D., F.R.S., F.LS., F.G.S., ARTHUR E, SHIPLEY, M.A., Sc.D., F.R.S., F.ZS.,
AND
_--——~s&RRICHARD T. FRANCIS, F.Z.8.
F ; sips cient BEING A CONTINUATION OF THE ‘* ANNALS” COMBINED WITH -Mussrs. LOUDON AND CHARLESWORTH’S “MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.”
= e.
SS LOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREE’,
mpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent, & Co., Ld., Bailliére, Paris: and Hodges. Figzis, & Co., Dublin.
|
i
|
‘ oe ie LONDON: | | |
|
|
=sSsS— oer Cl C OU OU Ole
Ow1ne to the proof of the Plate illustrating Mr. Arrow’s paper, pares
appeared in our last number, having gone astray i in the post, the Plate was printed without the legends, Subscribers are asked, when binding their Pare Volumes, to substitute ‘the correct Pie now issued | "for that inserted last : month, —Eprrors. : car
WATKINS & ‘DONCASTER,
Raturalists,
Keep in stock every kind of APPARATUS Be CABINETS required by ENTOMOLOGISTS. ORNITH- OLOGISTS, BOTANISTS, &c. Also NESTING- BOXES, | which should be fixed up in. gardens or shrubberies before the breeding Season. ‘-
A Large Stock of Butterflies, Moths, Birds, Eggs, &c.
Full Oatalogue (84 pages) mailed free to any address.
36, STRAND, LONDON, W.C., ENGLAND.
G. A. BENTALL, r.z.s.
CABINETS, Naturalist, BRITISH, TRAVELLING _ SOUTHAMPTON STREET LEPIDOPTERA, CASES __ (Opposite Hotel Cecil), COLEOPTERA, ; BIRDS’ EGGS NETS, STRAND, LONDON, AND SKINS, PINS, ETC. W.C. 2. BOOKS, ETC.
Price Lists post free on request.
SCIENTIFIC BOOKS AND SERIALS.
JOHN WHELDON & CO. have the largest stock in the country of Books | } in all Departments of Science and Natural History, also Transactions and Journals of Learned Societies, etc., in sets, runs, and single volumes or numbers. Libraries or small parcels purchased. SPECIAL CATALOGUES: Entomological, Ornithological, Zoological, Geolo- gical, War Economy (Agriculture, Hashandty. Gardening, Economic Botany, ete. Me Botanical (General and Geographical), ete., 2d. each, post free.
38 GREAT QUEEN STREET, KINGSWAY, LONDON, W.C. 2..
Telephone: Gerrard 1412.
Rates for Advertisements in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History,
One Six Twelve Insertion. Insertions. Insertions. PAGE - ~ = - PO SQ 116 Oeach 112 Oceach HALE-PAGE (2 Ghee oe Sao 17-625 we QUARTER-PAGE - 12,6227 41 8 &, a0
All applications for space to be made to wee Mr. H. A. COLLINS, 32 Birdharst Road, Croydon, oe
THE ANNALS MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, [NINTH SERIES.]
No. 20. AUGUST 1919.
VIII.—Descriptions of New Pyralide of the Subfamilies Crambine and Sigine. By Sir Gsorer F. Hampson, Bart., F.Z.S., &c.
(Continued from vol, iii. p. 547.]
(24) Diatrea flavilinealis, sp. n.
do. Head, thorax, and abdomen white mixed with dark brown, the last with some fulvous yellow on dorsum towards base ; palpi, pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen suffused with dark brown. Fore wing white tinged with brown and irrorated with rather large black-brown scales ; an orange-yellow line curved from costa beyond middle to lower angle of cell, then oblique to middle of inner margin ; an orange-yellow subterminal line ; cilia white at base, with fuscous line near base, the tips yellowish mixed with dark brown. Hind wing whitish suffused with pale reddish brown, the cilia whiter. Underside suffused with pale red-brown.
Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mlanje Plateau, 6500’ (Meare), 1g type. Exp. 16 mm,
(26) Diatrea perpulverea, sp. n,
3. Head and thorax white mixed with some dark reddish brown ; abdomen white tinged with brown ; ‘antenne brown, white above ; palpi reddish brown mixed with black. Fore wing white tinged with reddish brown and thickly irrorated with dark brown; indistinct curved dark medial and subterminal lines; a terminal
Ann, ds Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol, iv, 5
SSeS
SS
54 Sir G. F. Hampson on new
series of black points. Hind wing glossy white with a fine dark terminal line to vein 2. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with reddish brown.
Hab. N. Nicenta, Minna (Macfie), 3 3 type. Hxp. 20 mm.
(28) Diatrea argyrolepia, sp. n.
3. Head and thorax fulvous yellow tinged with dark brown ; abdomen whitish tinged with ochreous brown; palpi suffused with dark brown ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen suffused with ochreous brown. Fore wing fulvous yellow irrorated with black-brown and metallic silver scales; some dark brown suffusion on basal costal area and more or less distinct dark streaks on basal area above and below diseal and submedian folds; a more or less complete medial series of small black spots with metallic silver scales on them defined on outer side by a fulvous line, excurved to lower angle of cell, then ineurved ; the postmedial area with black streaks in the interspaces or black suffusion irrorated with silver scales except towards costa and inner margin; a curved fulvous yellow subterminal line defined on outer side by black points with silver scales on them; a terminal series of small black spots intersected by yellow on the veins; cilia fuscous suffused with metallic silver. Hind wing creamy white faintly tinged with brown; a terminal series of slight black striz to vein 2. Under- side suffused with dark reddish brown except on inner area of hind wing.
Q . Fore wing yellow diffused with rufous and irrorated with dark brown, without the dark suffusion and streaks, the medial series of spots sometimes almost obsolete, the subterminal series and the terminal series of points distinct; the underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with pale red-brown except on terminal area.
Hab. Gotp Coast, Bibianaha (Spurrell), 1 3,3 9, Kumasi (Sanders), 1 9; S. NigERta (Dudgeon), 1 2 ; Br. E. Arrtca, Victoria Nyanza, Port Ugowe (Johnston), 1 9 ; Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Neave), 2 5, 4 2 type; PorruauEsEe E. Arrica, Port Amelia (Beste), 1 g, Kola Valley (Neave), 2 9, Ruo Valley (Neave), 1 9; Navrat,1 9, Weenen, 1d, Durban (Leigh), 1 9; Care Cotony, Annshaw (Miss F. Barrett),1 3,19. Hap, co 20, 2 20-80 mm.
(29) Diatrea mesoplagalis, sp. n.
Head and thorax pale ochreous, the patagia irrorated with black ; abdomen creamy white tinged with ochreous ; antenne blackish except above ; palpi with black mixed ; legs irrorated with black. Fore wing pale ochreous irrorated with black, the inner and terminal areas less strongly irrorated, the costal area tinged with rufous; a curved maculate medial band from just below costa to submedian fold irrorated with silver defined by black and with a patch of black suffusion beyond it; two slight black discoidal spots
Pyralidee of the Subfamily Crambine. 55
and the veins beyond the cell defined by slight black streaks; a ‘eurved punctiform silver subterminal line; a terminal series of minute black lunules ; cilia with fuscous and silvery scales mixed and with a slight black line near base. Hind wing silvery white. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing tinged with red-brown. Hab. Sterra Leone (Clements), 2 3 type; N. Niaerta, Tlorin (Macfie), 1 2, Zungeru (Macfie), 3 9; Uaanna, Gondokoro (Reymes-Cole),1 29. Hup., 5 22, 2 26 mm.
(31) Diatrea argentisparsalis, sp. n.
Head and thorax yellow mixed with red-brown; abdomen creamy white, the ventral surface yellowish. Fore wing yellow tinged with red-brown and irrorated with a few black-brown and silver scales ; a small black discoidal spot and two minute brown and silver spots below end of cell with a fulvous bar on their outer side; an indistinct curved fulvous subterminal line; a terminal series of minute black spots; cilia blackish mixed with silver. Hind wing glossy white slightly tinged with ochreous. Underside of fore wing and the costal area of hind wing suffused with red- brown.
Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (WNeave), 3 5,1 @ type; MasHonaLann (Dobbie), 1 2. Hap. dg 18, 9 20-22 mm.
(32) Diatrea perfusalis, sp. n.
@. Head and thorax yellowish suffused with deep red-brown ; abdomen brownish white; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen suffused with red-brown. Fore wing yellowish strongly suffused with deep red-brown ; two small almost conjoined black discoidal spots with a diffused dark brown fascia from them to the indistinct rather diffused curved dark subterminal line; a terminal series of minute black spots. Hind wing creamy white with a slight brown terminal line to submedian fold. Underside of fore wing and the costal area of hind wing suffused with red- brown.
Hab. S. Ntiaerta, Yorubaland, Ogbomoso (Sir G. Carter), 2 9 type. Hxp. 26 mm.
(33) Diatrea costifusalis, sp. n.
Head and thorax creamy white mixed with black; abdomen creamy white, the ventral surface brown ; pectus and legs suffused with red-brown. Fore wing creamy white tinged with rufous, the costal area broadly suffused with bright red-brown; the basal area below the cell sparsely irrorated with large dark brown and silvery scales and the inner margin towards tornus irrorated with black- brown; a small spot formed by blackish and silvery scales in middle of cell and a curved medial series of similar spots between subcostal nevure and vein 1; two small black discoidal spots; a
5*
56 Sir G. F. Hampson on new
subterminal series of minute silver and black spots, hardly traceable on costal half; a terminal series of small black spots; cilia black mixed with whitish. Hind wing glossy white. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with red-brown.
Hab. Br. C. Arnica, Mt. Mlanje (Neave), 1 3,1 Q type. Exp. 26 mm.
Genus CHILOPSIS, nov. Type, C. squamata.
Proboscis small; palpi obliquely porrect, extending about the length of head and thickly scaled; maxillary palpi triangularly dilated with scales; frons smooth, with small tuft of hair; antenne of male minutely serrate and fasciculate; tibie fringed with rather long hair. Fore wing narrow, the costa slightly arched, the apex somewhat produced, the termen obliquely curved ; vein 3 from well before angle of cell; 5 from just above angle, the discocellulars curved; 6, 7 very shortly stalked or from cell; 8, 9 stalked; 10, 11 from cell; the cell on underside clothed with long scales. Hind wing with vein 3 from close to angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle or stalked; the discocellulars angled; 6, 7 from from upper angle, 7 anastomosing with 8.
Chilopsis squamata, sp. n.
3d. Head and thorax ochreous suffused with red-brown, the patagia with a few black scales; abdomen red-brown to beyond middle, then ochreous suffused with red-brown, the ventral surface ochreous irrorated with brown. Fore wing ochreous suffused with red-brown and irrorated with large raised black-tipped scales, the costal area browner; an indistinct diffused slightly sinuous and very oblique brown line from just beyond the cell to inner margin before middle; a more distinct diffused oblique postmedial brown line, slightly excurved below veins 7 and 2; a terminal series of minute black spots; cilia tipped with black except towards tornus. Hind wing ochreous whitish tinged with brown, the inner area suffused with deep red-brown; a brown postmedial shade; a brown terminal line; cilia with a brown line through them; the underside with small black-brown discoidal spot, the postmedial line obsolescent below vein 5.
Hab. Perv, Yahuarmayo, 1 ¢ type. Hap. 64 mm.
Doratoperas vinasella, Schaus, from Costa Rica, belongs to the same genus, also Chilo incanellus, Hampson, from Brazil, and C. nigristigmellus, Hampson, from Brazil.
(1 b) Chilo albimarginatlis, sp. n.
@. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale rufous; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen whitish tinged with rufous, the last with subventral series of dark brown points except towards extremity. Fore wing whitish suffused with pale rufous and
Pyralide of the Subfamily Crambine. 57
sparsely irrorated with large dark brown scales, the costal area rather whiter, the terminal area white irrorated with dark brown ; black points at middle of costa, at upper angle of cell, and middle of discocellulars ; a postmedial series of blackish striz, oblique to vein 7, excurved to below vein 5, then very oblique to middle of inner margin with a slight angle inwards at submedian fold; a subterminal series of blackish striz, bent outwards below costa, forming a short streak to the postmedial series at discal fold, and strongly incurved below vein 3; a terminal series of black points. Hind wing whitish suffused with pale red-brown, the costal area white to near apex; a terminal series of dark brown strive except towards tornus; cilia white. Underside of fore wing whitish suffused with brown except on inner area, the subterminal series of striz present but almost obsolete below vein 3; hind wing white slightly tinged with brown, a brownish subterminal line to vein 2, bent inwards to costa where there is a black point. Hab. Perv, Yahuarmayo, 1 Q type. wp. 44 mm.
(1 ce) Chilo diffusifascia, sp. n.
2. Head and thorax pale glossy yellow, the sides of head and tegule and the patagia suffused with brown; abdomen glossy yellow, with subdorsal tufts of white hair at base; antenne brown; palpi suffused with red-brown ; pectus and legs whitish tinged with brown. Fore wing glossy ochreous yellow irrorated with brown ; a diffused red-brown fascia from base in and below the cell to termen where it extends from just below apex to submedian fold; a minute black-brown discoidal spot slightly irrorated with white and defined on outer side by some white; traces of a curved brown postmedial line; a terminal series of dark points with white points beyond them at base of cilia, which are deep glossy red-brown. Hind wing glossy white faintly tinged with ochreous; a slight brownish terminal line to vein 2. Under- side white, the fore wing and costal area of hind wing tinged with red-brown except on terminal area.
Hab. Urnvavay, Monte Video (de Ja Garde), 1 2 type. Exp. 52 mm.
_ (10 b) Chilo pyrocaustalis, sp. un.
Head and thorax fiery red; abdomen white, the 2nd and 8rd segments dorsally fulvous; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen whitish suffused with red. Fore wing fiery red, the veins whitish ; the medial area with two slight brownish spots below the cell and two on vein 1; two faint oblique brownish strie from middle of costa to and to beyond upper angle of cell, then an oblique postmedial series of minute dentate marks on the veins; a subterminal series of minute dentate brownish marks on the veins; cilia with a dark line near base, the tips silvery white. Hind wing silvery white. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with rufous.
53 Sir G. F. Hampson on new
Hab. W. Arnica (Dudgeon), 2 2 ; S. NraErta, Lagos ( Bray), 1 3; N. Nieerta, Minna (Macfie), 1 5,1 Q type, Zungeru (Macfie),3 9. Exp. 3 20-22, 2 26-30 mm.
(10 d) Chilo rufulalis, sp. n.
2. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous tinged with brownish rufous, the last with the 2nd and 8rd segments dorsally suffused with fulvous. Fore wing ochreous uniformly suffused with brownish rufous, the inner area with slight dark irroration ; the cilia brown. Hind wing ocherous white with a slight brownish tinge; a faint brownish terminal line to vein 2.
Hab. Ur. Burma, Kinyua (Bingham), 1 2 type. Lxp. 36 mm.
(11 a) Chilo mesostrigalis, sp. n.
Head white; thorax and abdomen whitish tinged with red- brown ; antenne, palpi, pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with brown. Fore wing white slightly tinged with reddish brown and sparsely irrorated with blackish scales ; a series of five black striz, arising at discal fold just beyond the cell, angled outwards beyond lower angle, then very oblique to middle of submedian fold; a rather interrupted black postmedial line, strongly excurved below costa, then obliquely curved; a terminal series of black points. Hind wing white slightly tinged with brown. Underside white slightly tinged with brown.
Hab. PortuevuEsE EK. Arrica, Kola Valley (Neave), 1 3, ‘Ruo Valley (Neave), 1 2 type. wp. 36 mm.
(15 a) Chilo submedianalis, sp. n.
3 . Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous white tinged with red- brown. Fore wing ochreous white suffused with red-brown, the terminal half of costa whiter; some darker brown suffusion in and beyond end of cell and in basal half of submedian fold interrupted by a medial white spot; an indistinct narrow whitish subterminal band. Hind wing white tinged with red-brown, the cilia whiter. Underside ochreous white tinged with red-brown.
Hab. Cryuon, Batticaloa (Green), 1 3 type. Exp. 24 mm.
(15 ¢) Chilo asecriptalis, sp. n.
Head and thorax white tinged with reddish brown; abdomen white; peetus and legs white faintly tinged with brown. Fore wing white tinged with reddish brown; a minute black discoidal point and terminal series of slight black points. Hind wing glossy white. Underside of fore wing and the costal area of hind wing tinged with red-brown.
Hab. N. Niaerta, Minna (Macfie), 1 9; Uaanpa, Gondo- koro (Reymes-Cole), 3 3,8 Q type; Br. C. Arrtca, Mt. Mlanje (Neave),1 2. Exp., § 20-24, 9 22-28 mm.
Pyralidze of the Subfamily Crambine. 59
(15 d) Chilo gemininotalis, sp. n.
9. Head and thorax red-brown with a greyish tinge; abdomen whitish tinged with red-brown; palpi irrorated with dark brown ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white, the legs slightly tinged with red-brown. Fore wing greyish suffused with red- brown and irrorated with large blackish scales except on basal and terminal areas and in submedian fold; a diffused blackish fascia along median nervure; a terminal series of small black spots bisected with white; cilia red-brown at base, whitish glossed with silver at tips. Hind wing glossy white. Underside white, the fore wing and costal area of hind wing faintly tinged with rufous,
Hab, Cacuar, Kanny Koory, 1 2 type. wp. 30 mm,
(25a) Chilo strigatellus, sp. n.
White; sides of palpi and antenne and streaks on tegule cupreous brown. Fore wing with the veins, except on costal and inner areas, and also the submedian fold streaked with brown, sometimes reduced in places to series of scales; a discoidal spot ; a fine terminal line and a line through the cilia. Hind wing slightly tinged with brown ; a fine terminal line.
Hab. W. Avustrauta, Sherlock R. (Clements), 3 3,1 @ type. Exp., 6 16, 2 20 mm.
(25d) Chilo argyrostola, sp. n.
@. Head, thorax, and abdomen silvery white, the sides of frons and palpi except at base red-brown; legs tinged with red-brown. Wings uniform silvery white, the underside of fore wing tinged with red-brown except on inner and terminal areas.
Hab, VENEZUELA (Dyson), 1 2 type. Hxp. 22 mm.
(266) Chilo phlebitalis, sp. n.
6. Head and thorax white tinged with red-brown at sides; abdomen white, the 2nd and 8rd segments dorsally rufous ; antenne red-brown except above; palpi, pectus, and legs tinged with red-brown. Fore wing silvery white irrorated with red-brown, the scales forming slight streaks defining the veins above and below, the costal area tinged with red-brown leaving the costal edge white ; a black discoidal point; a slight dark terminal line ; cilia white with fine dark lines near base and tips. Hind wing silvery white with a slight dark terminal line to vein 2. Underside of fore wing and the costal area of hind wing tinged with red-brown.
Hab. Argentina, Gran Chaco, Florenzia (Wagner), 13, Ocampo, Santa Fé (Wagner), 2 3 type. Hap. 16-20 mm,
60 Sir G. F. Hampson on new
(26 ¢) Chilo calamistis, sp. n.
. Head, thorax, and abdomen brownish white; palpi slightly irrorated with brown. Fore wing whitish tinged with red-brown and slightly irrorated with brown; faint white streaks irrorated with black in discal and submedian folds; a black discoidal point ; a terminal series of black points, the point above tornus rather larger. Hind wing white tinged with brownish ochreous. Under- side tinged with red-brown, the inner area of hind wing white.
Hab. Mexico, Presidio (Forrer), 1 9, Godman-Salvin Coll. ; ARGENTINA, Gran Chaco, Florenzia (Wagner), 4 2 type. Huxp. 22-28 mm.
(26d) Chilo leptigrammalis, sp. n.
Head, thorax, and abdomen white faintly tinged with red-brown ; palpi strongly irrorated with brown. Fore wing white tinged with reddish brown and rather thickly irrorated with black; the costa whiter, the discal and submedian folds and interspaces beyond the cell with white streaks irrorated with black ; a black discoidal point ; traces of a dark postmedial line angled outwards at discal and submedian folds ; a fine double dark subterminal line filled in with white, strongly bent inwards to costa, then closely approximated to the termen and minutely waved; a terminal series of rather lunulate black points slightly defined on inner side by white ; cilia with a dark line near base, the tips browner. Hind wing glossy white slightly tinged with ochreous brown except on inner area; a fine dark terminal line to vein 2. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with red-brown, the terminal area whiter.
Hab. Argentina, Gran Chaco, Florenzia (Wagner), 4 3,2 9 type. Hap. 24-32 mm.
(26 e) Chilo leucocraspis, sp. n.
@. Head and thorax white, tinged with rufous at sides; abdomen white, the 2nd to 4th segments dorsally suffused with rufous ; antennz rufous; palpi irrorated with brown ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with red-brown. Fore wing pale rufous, the inner area white slightly irrorated with brown ; the costal edge white on terminal half; a black discoidal point and slight oblique brown striga above it from costa ; a curved white subterminal line slightly defined on inner side by brown; a terminal series of black points ; cilia with a dark line near base, the tips pure white except at tornus. -Hind wing silvery white; a terminal series of slight black points to vein 2. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with pale red-brown, the hind wing with blackish discoidal point.
Hab. AreENnTINA, Gran Chaco, Florenzia (Wagner), 1 2 type. Exp. 28 mm.
Pyralide of the Subfamily Crambine. 61
(28) Chilo argentifascia, sp. n.
@. Head ochreous white, pale rufous at sides and behind; thorax pale rufous, the patagia silvery white; abdomen white tinged with brownish ochreous; antenne tinged with rufous ; pectus and legs white tinged with brownish ochreous. Fore wing pale rufous ; the costal edge silvery white, expanding into a narrow fascia from before middle to apex; a broad silvery white fascia edged by slight dark brown lines from base, where it extends to the inner margin, in and below the cell and thence to the termen below _ apex and to the cilia. Hind wing silvery white, the inner area faintly tinged with brown. Underside glossy white, the costal area of both wings faintly tinged with rufous.
Hab. W. Ausrratta, Sherlock R. (Clements), 2 9 type. Exp. 30 mm.
(2) Leucargyra xanthoceps, sp. n.
Head, tegule, and some of the hair on prothorax orange-yellow, the rest of thorax white ; abdomen white tinged with orange-yellow, the 2nd and 8rd segments dorsally fulvous ; antennz with the shaft white above ; palpi fuscous brown ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white, the fore-legs fuscous brown in front, the coxe yellow and white at base. Wings uniform silvery white above and below.
Hab. Peru, Yahuarmayo,2¢,192 type. Kuxp., 550, 274mm.
(6a) *Eschata trrorata, sp. n.
@. Pure white; palpi blackish except at tips; antennze brown; fore tibie orange fringed with white; tarsi orange ringed with white ; abdomen with dorsal orange patch on 2nd and 38rd seg- ments; wings silvery white. Fore wing with faint traces of a sinuous golden medial line from vein 2 to inner margin ; a curved subterminal golden line, the area on its inner side broadly irrorated with large black scales, extending on inner area to the medial line ; cilia reddish golden.
Hab. Assam, Khasis, type in Coll. Rothschild. Exp. 52 mm.
(2) Doratoperas fulvescens, sp. n.
6. Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish suffused with red-brown, the head whiter in front, the thorax irrorated with dark brown ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with red- brown. Fore wing whitish suffused with fulvous brown and sparsely irrorated with large black scales, the costal area rather whiter to beyond middle; the medial area with oblique rufous shade from subcostal nervure to vein 1; a black discoidal point ; an indistinct rather diffused brownish postmedial line, arising below the costa, excurved to vein 4, then very oblique to middle of inner
62 Sir G. F. Hampson on new
margin ; an indistinct curved slightly waved brownish subterminal line; a terminal series of black points. Hind wing whitish suffused with red-brown, the costal area whiter to near apex; a terminal series of black points to submedian fold. Underside whitish tinged with rufous, the costal area of both wings slightly irrorated with black.
Hab. Peru, Yahuarmayo, 3 ¢ type. xp, 36-42 mm.
(3) Doratoperas xanthotherma, sp. n.
3. Head brownish white, the antenne brown, the palpi fulvous yellow ; thorax dorsally brownish white, the tegule with brown subdorsal stripes, the tegule at sides and patagia chrome-yellow tinged with rufous and with brown stripe above ; abdomen dorsally blackish brown, the anal tuft white; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white, the fore tibiz with tufts of blackish hair, the tarsi fulvous. Fore wing chrome-yellow, the inner area suffused with rufous from before middle, expanding to vein 2 beyond the postmedial line and at termen to vein 3, the rest of wing irrorated with a few brown scales; a minute red-brown discoidal spot ; the postmedial line represented by slight obliquely placed rufous spots on veins 4and 3 and a rather diffused red-brown line angled inwards below vein 2 near its origin and below vein 1 bent inwards to inner margin before middle ; a terminal series of dark red-brown points ; cilia pure white at base, dark brown at tips, wholly brown towards tornus. Hind wing pale yellow, the apical area whitish, the inner area tinged with red-brown; a terminal series of slight dark points to below vein 3; cilia white, tinged with red-brown towards tornus. Underside white with a slight rufous tinge on costa of fore wing and inner area of both wings,
Hab. Peru, Yahuarmayo, 1 ¢ type. xp. 66 mm,
(1d) Mesolia albimaculalis, sp. n.
@. Head and thorax black-brown mixed with some white ; abdomen red-brown ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white, the legs with some blackish scales and the tarsi banded with black. Fore wing cupreous red-brown; a diffused white ante- medial shade with a short blackish streak beyond it above vein 1; a white spot at middle of costa and diffused sinuous line from diseal fold to inner margin ; a triangular white spot from costa at end of cell, its apex indenting a blackish discoidal spot with a minute white point at lower angle of cell and some silvery scales beyond it; a subterminal white bar from costa and series of small dentate white marks on veins 6 to 2 defined on outer side by minute black spots; a white bar from costa before apex, its outer edge indented and a series of small conical spots on termen from below vein 6 to above tornus; cilia white with a black line near base and dark tips towards apex, then cupreous brown. Hind wing glossy grey-brown, the cilia with dark line near base and white tips.
Pyralidee of the Subfamily Crambine. 63
to discal fold. Underside grey-brown, the costa of fore wing white towards apex.
Hab. N. Nraerta, Zungeru (Macfie), 1 Q type. Hzxp. 18mm.
(2a) Masolia presidialis, sp. n. Mesolia plurimella, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 297 (part.), nec Wlk.
Antenne of male with short branches.
Head and thorax red-brown mixed with grey ; abdomen whitish suffused with red-brown, the extremity whiter; palpi with some white at base ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white faintly tinged with brown, the tarsi banded with brown. Fore wing red-brown mixed with grey ; a diffused antemedial dark brown patch on vein 1; an obscure diffused dark medial line, arising at median nervure, angled outwards at submedian fold and inwards at vein 1 ; postmedial line diffused dark red-brown, oblique and defined on inner side by whitish to vein 6, where it is angled outwards, angled outwards and forming diffused dentate patches above vein 1 and inner margin, a dark point beyond it above vein 6; sub- terminal line silvery whitish defined on each side by red-brown, curved, a small white spot beyond it on costa and patch at middle with oblique black streak above it and longitudinal streak below it ; an oblique white subapical streak and striga on termen below apex ; cilia red-brown to the hook with a white striga below apex and streak above the hook, then white tinged with red-brown. Hind wing whitish suffused with brown, the cilia white. Underside of fore wing red-brown.
Hab. Mexico, Presidio (Forrer), 1d, 1 2 type, Godman- Salvin Coll. ap., ¢ 20, 9 22 mm.
(26) Mesolia diaperatalis, sp. n. Mesolia plurimella, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 297 (part.), nee WI1k.
@. Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown ; palpi white at base ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with red- brown. Fore wing red-brown slightly mixed with whitish ; postmedial line deep red-brown, arising below the costa, waved to submedian fold, then strongly incurved and forming a small diffused patch on inner area, veins 6 to 2 beyond it with obscure dark streaks ; subterminal line white defined on each side by red-brown, oblique to discal fold and with an oblique white streak beyond it across apical area, incurved below discal fold and waved below vein 3; a bilunulate white mark before middle of termen ; cilia white to the hook with a black line at middle, then white at base, brown at tips. Hind wing whitish strongly suffused with red- brown, the cilia whiter. Underside whitish suffused with red- brown, the fore wing with the costa white towards apex.
Hab. Mexico, Presidio (Forrer), 1 2 type, Godman-Salvin Coll. Exp. 24 mm.
64 Sir G. F. Hampson on new
(2c) Mesolia jamaicensis, sp. n.
. Antenne of male serrate.
d. Head and thorax red-brown mixed with grey; antenne blackish ; abdomen whitish suffused with brown ;_ pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen. white. Fore wing red-brown varie- gated with white ; an incurved medial white line from cell to inner margin with a diffused dark patch beyond it in submedian inter- space; a red-brown postmedial line, bent inwards to costa ; subterminal line silvery white defined on each side by red-brown, bent inwards to costa, a white patch beyond it between discal and submedian folds with short black streaks above and below it and one at middle; an oblique dentate white subapical mark; a red- brown terminal line ; cilia pure white with blackish lines near base and at tips to the hook, then red-brown with some white at base. Hind wing white tinged with red-brown. Underside white, the fore wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with red-brown.
Hab. Jamaica (Gosse), 1 3 type, Mandeville (Cockerell), 1g. KHw«p. 16 mm.
(16) Prionopteryx sinensis, sp. n.
Antenne of male serrate and fasciculate.
g. Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown slightly mixed with whitish ; palpi red-brown and white ; pectus, legs, and ventral sur- face of abdomen white tinged with red-brown. Fore wing red- brown mixed with some white, especially on inner area; an antemedial patch of black-brown scales above inner margin ; postmedial line red-brown, oblique to discal fold where it is angled outwards, then incurved and angled outwards at submedian fold ;' subterminal line white defined on each side by red-brown, very oblique to discal fold, then incurved and excurved below vein 2, a whitish patch beyond it before middle of termen with small dentate blackish mark on it at vein 4 and short streaks below veins 3 and 2. Hind wing red-brown with a greyish tinge. Underside red-brown tinged with grey.
Hab. W. Cuina, Chang-Yang (Pratt), 1 dtype. Hap. 18 mm.
(46) Prionopteryx brevivittalis, sp. n.
Head and thorax dark reddish brown mixed with grey-white ; abdomen white slightly tinged with red-brown ; antenne with the branches black; palpi with black mixed; pectus and legs white tinged with brown, the tarsi brown tinged with white. Fore wing with the costal half red-brown mixed with white, the inner half white irrorated with red-brown ; a subbasal series of slight oblique black marks in and below the cell and above inner margin, the last met by a streak from base ; a slight black mark above middle of median nervure; a dentate white medial line defined on inner side by two small black lunules in the cell and on outer by red-brown
Pyralidee of the Subfamily Crambine. 65
and black; two slight black spots beyond the cell; subterminal line white defined on each side by red-brown with slight black marks before it below costa and at middle, obliquely excurved to discal fold, then incurved and slightly angled outwards at vein 1, a series of white spots beyond it from costa to vein 2 with short black streaks between them; the terminal area red-brown finely pencilled with white ; cilia white with a red-brown line through them and red-brown tips to the hook, then white with the tips tinged with red-brown. Hind wing white slightly tinged with red-brown ; a red-brown terminal line to submedian fold; cilia pure white. Underside of fore wing brown with a series of diffused white spots before termen ; hind wing with the costal area tinged with brown.
Hab. Transvaat, Gemsbokfontein (Janse), 1 3, Rietfontein (Janse), 2 3,1 9 type, Van der Merwe’s farm (Janse), 1 6 ; Narat, Durban (Leigh), 1 3,1 2; Orange R. Colony, Bloem- fontein (Eckersley), 2 3. Hap. 24-26 mm.
(4c) Prionopteryx mesozonalis, sp. n.
@. Head and thorax pale red-brown mixed with white ; abdo- men white dorsally tinged with red-brown towards base ; palpi with some blackish mixed ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with red-brown, the tarsi red-brown ringed with white. Fore wing white mostly suffused with red-brown and irrorated with blackish; an oblique red-brown antemedial line, arising below the costa and with some black before it in the cell ; a white medial line defined on outer side by black and on inner by a diffused black band, angled outwards in the cell and waved below it; a black discoidal point ; postmedial line white, defined on inner side by blackish and with a black patch beyond it on costa, angled outwards at discal fold, then incurved and angled inwards at vein 1 ; a highly dentate white subterminal line with short black streaks beyond it in the interspaces from below costa to vein 1 ; cilia white with a line near base, black to the hook, then red-brown, and blackish line near tips. Hind wing silvery white with a very faint red-brown tinge. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing tinged with red-brown.
Hab. Arcentina, Gran Chaco, Florenzia (Wagner), 1 Q type. Exp. 26 mm.
(49) Prionopterys albirufalis, sp. n.
@. Head and thorax white mixed with some red-brown ; abdo- men white slightly tinged with red-brown ; antenne ringed with blackish ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white, the fore tibiz and the tarsi banded with red-brown. Fore wing white irrorated with red-brown ; some black irroration on antemedial area from below costa to inner margin, somewhat angled outwards in
the cell; a somewhat dentate white medial line defined on outer
66 Sir G. F. Hampson on new
side by a diffused dark red-brown band; subterminal line white defined on each side by red-brown, oblique to discal fold, then incurved and minutely dentate, a small black spot beyond it below costa ; a fine red-brown terminal line with two minute black spots before it at middle; cilia white with a fine red-brown line near base to submedian fold and the tips tinged with red-brown at middle. Hind wing silvery white faintly tinged with red-brown, the cilia pure white. Underside white, the fore wing tinged with red-brown on costal half.
Hab. Supan, Port Sudan (Waterfield), 1 2 type. ap. 18 mm.
(4h) Prionopteryx rubricalis, sp. n.
2. Head and thorax rufous slightly mixed with whitish ; abdo- men whitish suffused with rufous; antenne blackish ringed with white ; palpi red-brown mixed with white, blackish at extremity ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen whitish suffused with red-brown, the tarsi red-brown ringed with white. Fore wing rufous irrorated with white ; a small antemedial white spot above inner margin; small medial white spots on costa and in cell and above and below vein 1; diffused blackish spots in and beyond end of cell with a white spot between them on the discocellulars; a postmedial series of small white spots, somewhat incurved below the costa and excurved beyond the cell; a terminal series of small blackish spots defined on inner side by a lunulate white line; cilia red-brown and white. Hind wing whitish tinged with rufous, the cilia white with a red-brown line near base and some red-brown at tips. Underside whitish suffused with rufous.
Hab. N. Nicerta, Zungeru (Macfie, Simpson), 5 @ type. Exp. 20 mm.
(5b) Prionopteryx microdontalis, sp. n.
Antennz of male uniserrate ; hind wing with veins 4, 5 stalked.
Head and thorax red-brown mixed with some white ; abdomen white, dorsally tinged with red-brown towards base; antenne blackish ; palpi banded with blackish; pectus and legs white tinged with red-brown, the fore tibiz and the tarsi banded blackish and white. Fore wing red-brown mixed with whitish, a whitish fascia in submedian interspace; a blackish subbasal mark above inner margin with traces of the angled whitish antemedial line on its outer side ; a rather diffused curved red-brown postmedial line, interrupted at submedian fold and with short blackish fascia before it on vein 1, defined on inner side by a white bar from costa; sub- terminal line whitish, very oblique and defined on inner side by red-brown to discal fold, then dentate and defined on inner side by minute dentate black marks, the area beyond it blackish below discal fold, the apical area red-brown with a sinuous white streak across it; a fine black terminal line defined on inner side by white
Pyralide: of the Subfamily Crambine. 67
below the hook; cilia white at base, red-brown at tips and with’ black line near base to the hook. Hind wing white faintly tinged with red-brown. Underside suffused with red-brown.
Hab. Stmrra Leone, Mano (Dudgeon), 12; Gorp Coast (Dudgeon),1 3 ; 8. NtaErta, Lagos (Dudgeon), 2 2, Old Calabar (Miss Kingsley, Sampson), 2 3,1 2, Warri Distr. (Claydon), 1 2; N. Nieerta, Borgu, Yelwa L. (Migeod), 1 9. xp. 18-22 mm.
Genus PARANCYLA, nov. Type, P. argyrothysana.
Proboscis fully developed; palpi downecurved, extending about the length of head and thickly scaled; maxillary palpi dilated with scales; frons smooth, with ridge of scales above ; antennz of male laminate and minutely ciliated. Fore wing rather long and narrow, the apex rounded, the termen somewhat excised below discal fold; vein 3 from well before angle of cell; 4,5 from angle; 6 from below upper angle; 7 from angle; 8, 9 stalked; 10, 11 from cell, the latter becoming coincident with 12. Hind wing with veins 3 and 5 from angle of cell, 4 absent; 6 obsolescent from well below upper angle ; 8 anastomosing with 7.
In key differs from Surattha in vein 11 becoming coincident with 12.
: Parancyla argyrothysana, sp. n.
3. Head white, the antenne blackish except above, the palpi tinged with brown and slightly irrorated with black, the tips black ; thorax white tinged with red-brown and slightly irrorated with black; abdomen white tinged with red-brown; pectus, legs, and ventral sur- face of abdomen white tinged with red-brown. Fore wing white tinged with red-brown and irrorated with black; a small rather annulate blackish discoidal spot; a metallic silver subterminal line defined on inner side by a pale rufous line, slightly excurved below costa; the terminal area rather whiter with a terminal series of black points; cilia metallic silver, tinged with brown at tips. Hind wing white tinged with red-brown, the cilia whiter. Underside white tinged with red-brown.
©. More strongly suffused with red-brown.
Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Neave), 4 3, 4 Q type, Ruo Valley (Neave),1 9. Exp., 5 22, 9 32-38 mm.
(la) Surattha africalis, sp. n.
¢. White irrorated with fuscous ; branches of antennz blackish. Fore wing with a subbasal series of patches of black scales between the veins; a medial sinuous white line defined by black on either -side; a prominent white discoidal spot with black suffusion be- tween it and the medial line ; a subterminal minutely waved black line obtusely angled at middle and with a diffused brown line parallel
68 On new Pyralidee of the Subfamily Crambine.
‘to its inner edge; some terminal fuscous suffusion and a series of black points. Hind wing white with a fine fuscous terminal line.
Ab. 1. Fore wing strongly tinged with ochreous.
Q. Fore wing with the area between the medial and postmedial lines suffused with black.
Hab. Supan, Port Sudan (Waterfield), 1 5 ; Br. E. Aprica, Athi-ya-Mawe (Betton), 1.9; “Grra. E. Arnica,” Dar-es-Salaam, 1 ¢ type; TRANSVAAL, Rietfontein (Janse), 1 5. Hap. 22- 26 mm.
(16) Surattha selenalis, sp. n.
3. Head, thorax, and base of abdomen white faintly tinged with rufous, the rest of abdomen strongly suffused with rufous ; antenne with the branches black; palpi suffused with brown; pectus and legs white, the tibie and tarsi banded with brown. Fore wing pale red-brown slightly irrorated with whitish, the postmedial part of costal area white slightly irrorated with rufous ; antemedial line whitish, defined on outer side by a slight blackish mark at costa, then indistinct to submedian fold where it is angled outwards, then oblique and defined on each side by blackish ; medial line whitish defined on each side by blackish, angled outwards in submedian fold; a pure white discoidal lunule ; subterminal line white, excurved at middle and shghtly waved towards costa and inner margin; a fine white line just before termen, defined on outer side by slight blackish points; cilia white with a rather interrupted red-brown line near base and some red-brown at tips. Hind wing silvery white. Underside of fore wing except the inner area and the costal area of hind wing tinged with red-brown.
Hab. Asyssinta, Taddecha Mullka (Degen), 1d type. Hzxp. 28 mm.
(36) Surattha soudanensis, sp. n.
Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with fulvous yellow, the thorax irrorated with black; antennze of male with the branches black ; palpi suffused with rufous ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with rufous. Fore wing white suffused with pale fulvous and irrorated with black in the interspaces, those of postmedial area rather more thickly irrorated ; a diffused curved whitish antemedial band defined on inner side by pale fulvous; a narrow white medial band defined on outer side by pale fulvous, its edges slightly waved; a rounded white discoidal spot defined by blackish; a narrow white postmedial band defined on inner side by pale fulvous, its outere dge slightly dentate, somewhat excurved beyond the cell; a lunulate white subterminal line defined on outer side by a series ‘of black points; cilia white mixed with brownish, Hind wing white faintly tinged with reddish brown, the cilia pure white. Underside white faintly tinged with rufous.
Hab. Supan, Port Sudan ( Waterfield), 4 3,1 9 type. Exp, 22-26 mm.
[To be continued. |
Mr. R. E, Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 69
/
IX.—Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera-—XXXIX. New Sphecoidea collected in Palestine by Major E. E. Austen, By Rowxanp E. Turner, F.Z.S., F.E.S.
Psammecius austent, sp. n.
3. Niger; scapo subtus flavo; segmentis abdominalibus tribus basalibus, pedibusque, coxis exceptis, rufo-ferrugineis ; flagello articulis 9-10 subtus ferrugineis, excavatis; articulo apicali subtus et apice brunneo-ferrugineo, fortiter curvato; alis hyalinis, cellula radiali, cellulisque cubitalibus secunda tertiaque fortiter infuscatis ; venis nigris, stigmate flavo.
2. Mari simillima, flagello nigro, articulis haud excavatis ; cellula cubitali tertia hyalina.
Long., ¢ 9mm., 2 10 mm.
3. Eyes strongly convergent towards the clypeus, posterior ocelli a little further from each other than from the eyes; vertex and front strongly and closely punctured. Clypeus broadly and roundly deflexed at the apex, the deflexed portion smooth and shining, the basal portion closely punctured. Thorax and sides of the median segment closely and coarsely punctured; the triangular basal area of the median segment coarsely longitudinally striate-reticulate. First and second tergites strongly but not very closely punctured, less closely than in P. punetulatus, Lind., and less coarsely than in P. luxuriosus, Rad, ; the apical tergites more closely and finely punctured ; sternites shining, very sparsely punctured. At the apex of the three basal tergites the red colouring shows a tendency to change to yellow, forming an obscure, narrow, reddish-yellow apical fascia. Neuration asin P. punctulutus.
Q. Pygidial area longitudinally striate ; fore metatarsus with five long spatulate whitish spines. Flagellum siimple, the apical joints not excavated or curved.
Hab. Jerisheh, N.E. of Jaffa; 1 g, May 1-8, 1918; 1 9, April 29, 1918.
Very different in colour to punctulatus and luuriosus ; the antenne are also stouter and the pulvilli larger than in either of those species. I think Psammecius, Lep., is sufficiently distinct to be given generic rank, though Handlirsch sinks it under Gorytes. The name Gorytes certainly cannot stand, and must be replaced for the genus in the widest sense either by Ceropales, Latr., or Arpactus, Jur.
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 6
70 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.
Palarus hastatifrons, sp. n.
gd. Niger; abdomine segmentis tribus basalibus, pedibus inter- mediis posticisque, femoribusque anticis infra fulvis; clypeo, mandibulis, apice excepto, orbitis internis usque ad antennarum basin, macula frontali, longitudinali, hastiformi, mesonoto macula parva angulis anticis, tegulis tibiisque tarsisque anticis flavis ; flagello supra sordide flayo ; alis hyalinis, leviter infuscatis, venis testaceis ; ano tridentato.
@. Mari simillima; abdomine fere omnino fulvo.
Long., d 8 mm., 9 11 mn.
3. Clypeus rounded at the apex, shining, with sparse and minute punctures; front opaque, coriaceous, clothed with very delicate silver pubescence. Eyes separated on the vertex by a distance slightly exceeding the length of the second joint of the flagellum; posterior ocelli somewhat elongate, oblique and almost touching the eyes. Mandibles not excised on their outer margin. Second joint of the flagellum dis- tinctly longer than the third, twice as long as the first and nearly twice as long as its apical breadth, the flagellar joints not arcuate beneath. ‘Thorax shining, rather sparsely but very deeply punctured ; median segment strongly obliquely striated, broadly concave in the middle, the sides of the segment finely and closely obliquely striated, the posterior slope finely rugulose, with a raised V-shaped median area. Abdomen rather sparsely punctured ; first tergite deeply and widely emarginate anteriorly ; second sternite gradually raised into an acute transverse carina at the apex. Seventh tergite tridentate at the apex, the middle spine the longest. Second cubital cell petiolate, the petiole very short ; third cubital cell half as long again on the radius as on the cubitus; first recurrent nervure received close to the base of the second cubital cell, second just beyond three-quarters from the base.
@. Eyes separated on the vertex by a distance only equal to the length of the first joint of the flagellum, nearer to each other than in the male ; second joint of flagellum at least twice as long as its apical breadth. Sixth tergite elongate, pointed at the apex, with sparse elongate punctures. Basal joint of fore tarsus with six spines. ,
Hab. Khan Yunnus, 12 miles 8.W. of Gaza, June 1917; 1g,42 9.
This belongs to the group of P. lepidus, Klug; but, in addition to the strong colour-differences, the abdomen is much more sparsely and more strongly punctured ; the eyes in both sexes are nearer together on the vertex, and the carina of the second sternite is acute, not broad as in ¢ lepidus.
On Reduviide from British India. ripe
X.—Descriptions of new Species and Genera of the Hete- ropterous Family Reduviide from British India. By W. L. Distant.
I aM indebted to the kindness of Mr. E. A. Butler for sub- mitting for examination another collection of this family made by his indefatigable friend and excellent collector Dr. T. V. Campbell in Southern India. The types of all the species are now in the collection of the British Museum.
Ploiariola scotti. Ploiariola scotti, Dist. Tr, Linn. Soc. xvi. p. 163, pl. xii. fig. 2 (1918).
Hab. 8. India ; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell). Originally described from the Seychelle Islands.
Stenolemus hirtipes, sp. n.
Head and pronotum very pale ochraceous, apex of head and basal area of pronotum more viresecent ; scutellum blackish ; corium of hemelytra greyish white, a small linear spot on clavus, and a large and more quadrate spot on apical area fuscous ; membrane greyish white, mottled with large fuscous spots which are discal on basal half and marginal on apical half, the central and largest spot with ochraceous linear mottlings ; body beneath brownish olivaceous ; rostrum fuscous ; legs greyish, anterior legs mottled with fuscous brown, intermediate and posterior femora strongly and longly pilose and blackly annulate, intermediate and posterior tibize longly pilose and with a black annulation near base ; antennze fuscous, with a few pale annulations, of which the broadest is at base; pronotum anteriorly globose, the central area narrow and cylindrical, the posterior area strongly tricarinate.
Long. 11 mm.
Hab. 8. India ; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell).
Eugubinus intrudans, Dist. Entomologist, xviii. p. 8 (1915).
I originally described this species found in webs of spiders (Cyrtophora cicatrosa, Stoliczka) in 8. India, Cochin State, Ermakulam. Dr. Campbell has now sent Mr, K. A. Butler
another specimen from Chikkaballapura.
NEOKLUGIA, gen. nov.
Allied to Oncocephalus, Klug, but with the apical spine to the seutellum moderately curved upwardly; rostrum with 6*
72 Mr. W. L. Distant on
the first joint much shorter than the two apical joints to- gether, subequal in length to the second joint; anterior femora only slightly or moderately incrassated, with a single series of slender short spinules beneath ; head cylindrical, shortly but distinctly spined at base of each antenna, the anteocular area much longer than the postocular ; first joint of the antenne about as long as the pronotum, distinctly finely hirsute ; pronotum with the anterior lobe shorter than the posterior lobe, shortly but distinctly armed on each side of anterior margin, and moderately tuberculous on disk, posterior lobe strongly centrally longitudinally furrowed, the lateral basal angles distinctly spined ; posterior legs with the femora and tibize about or almost of equal length.
Neoklugia typica, sp. n.
Head and anterior area of pronotum very dark ochraceous or purplish red; eyes black, and between them the colour is sometimes more or less of the same hue; posterior pronotal area, scutellum, corium, rostrum, body beneath, and legs more or less ochraceous ; membrane dull greyish brown; a small spot outside apex of clavus, the large basal areola before membrane, and a subapical linear spot to membrane casta- neous ; apices of femora a little darker in hue; apical spine to scutellum black and distinctly, concavely, upwardly curved ; other characters as in generic diagnosis.
Long. 14 mm.
Hab. 8. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell).
NEOTHODELMUS, gen. nov.
Body elongate, narrow; head long, cylindrical, anteocular area longer than postocular area, the latter longitudinally margined on each side with a series of short spines ; antennas with the first joint about or nearly as long as head, mode- rately incrassated ; rostrum with the first joint about as long as the second and third joints together; pronotum long and slender, very narrow from about one-third from base, which is truncate, more than twice longer than broad at base ; scutellum small, elongately triangular ; membrane extending to base of posterior abdominal segment ; anterior femora distinctly incrassated, shortly and very finely spined beneath, about subequal in length to anterior tibiz;° posterior and intermediate tibize and femora slender, the posterior about twice as long as the intermediate.
Allied to Thodelmus, Stal.
Reduviide from British India. 73
Neothodelmus typicus, sp. n.
Pale dull ochraceous: basal area of pronotum and the membrane dull greyish, the first palest, and with a dark spot near each basal angle, head purplish black, the anteocular area darker than the postocular ; body beneath and legs pale ochraceous, anterior femora finely inwardly streaked with black, anterior tibie centrally, basally, and apically (more or less distinctly) annulated with black; all the tarsi more or less distinctly annulated with black ; a rounded black spot near base of membrane.
Long. 18 mm.
Hab. 8. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. 7. V. Campbell).
Pasiropsis major, sp. n.
Black; antennz and tibiw brownish ochraceous, the latter darker on basal areas; tarsi pale ochraceous ; a transverse arcuated greyish-white fascia crossing corium near base, but not entering clavus; first joint of antennze slightly incras- sated, scarcely or only slightly passing apex of head, darker in hue than the other joints ; anterior pronotal lobe strongly sculptured, posterior lobe with a narrow central longitudinal incisure and with a broadly coarsely punctate submarginal incisure before each lateral margin, the lateral basal angles subnodulose ; scutellum passing claval apex, but not poste- riorly elevated ; femora robust; hemelytra more opaquly black than pronotum and scutellum.
Long. 14 mm. .
Hab. 8. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell).
Edocla annulata, sp. n.
Head and anterior lobe of pronotum dull dark ochraceous, narrow lateral margins of head and margins of anterior pro- notal lobe black ; posterior pronotal lobe, the corium, and legs stramineous ; scutellum (excluding apical spine), clavus, membrane, triannulations to femora and tibiw, abdomen beneath, large sternal spots, rostrum, and eyes dark fuscous brown ; antennzs with the first and second Joints ochraceous, - remaining joints fuscous, bases of first and second joints stramineous ; apical area of membrane paler in hue ; first joint of antennz shorter than head, second joint about as long as head and anterior lobe of pronotum together ; anterior pro- notal lobe strongly and irregularly rugulose ; apical spine of
74 Mr. W. L. Distant on
scutellum obliquely erect ; connexivum stramineous spotted with fuscous.
Long. 9 mm.
Hab. 8. India ; Nandidrug (Dr. T. V. Campbell).
Allied to E. pelia, Dist., but differing by the shorter basal joint of the antennee, the triannulated femora, stramineous corium, &c.
Ectomocoris simulans, sp. n.
Allied to £. tibialis, Dist. (Faun. Brit. Ind. ii. p. 293,. 1904), but differing in having the whole of the first and second joints of the antenne brownish ochraceous; the rudi- mentary hemelytra broader, less oblique, and the whole of their apical marginal areas black, not only spotted as in E. tibialis, but also generally reaching or only just passing the base of the first abdominal segment. : Paid
Long. 13-20 mm.
Hab. S. India; Chikkaballapura and Nandidrug (Dr. T, V. Campbell) ; Vizagapatam.
Ectomocoris melanopterus, sp. Nn.
Dull black, opaque ; first and second joints of the antenne, rostrum, legs, and irregular broad transverse fascia to hem- elytra ochraceous ; apex of hemelytra reaching the posterior margin of the third abdominal segment, the segmental mar- gins very narrowly ochraceous ; legs somewhat longly hirsute; second joint of the antenne a little longer than head.
Long. 14 mm.
Hab. S. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. 7. V. Campbell).
Eetomocoris picturatus, sp. n.
Head, anterior lobe of pronotum, scutellum, and body beneath black ; posterior lobe of pronotum purplish brown ; hemelytra pale brownish; clavus (excluding base) and an oblong spot outside clavus stramineous ; legs ochraceous or reddish ochraceous ; connexivum beneath with minute ochra- ceous marginal spots; antennee ochraceous, second joint about as long as head; anterior lobe of pronotum longitudinally sulcate ; hemelytra reaching abdominal apex ; anterior femora strongly incrassated.
Long. 14 mm. .
Hab, 8. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell).
Reduviide /rom British India. 75
Eectomocoris apicimaculatus, sp. ns
Allied to HE. cordiger, Stal (Faun. Brit. Ind. ii. p. 295, 1904), but differing in the following characters :— First joint of antenne: black or piceous, and the second joint longer than anterior lobe of pronotum ; connexivum unspotted ; apices of femora, tibia, and tarsi black or piceous; membrane un- spotted ; anterior lobe of pronotum much more finely, centrally, longitudinally impressed, and the pronotal coloration more opaque and piceous.
Long. 15 mm.
Hab. 8. India ; Yereand (Dr. T. V. Campbell).
Sphedanolestes aurescens, sp. n.
Bright shining golden yellow; antenne, apex of head, eyes and a spot behind them, apex of corlum, membrane, tibie, apex and lateral margins of the penultimate abdominal segment beneath, and the tarsi black; basal joint of antennze shorter than head and pronotum together, both pronotal lobes centrally longitudinally suleate; femora nodulose ; membrane moderately passing the abdominal apex.
Long. 9 mm.
Hab. 8. India; Bangalore (Dr. T. V. Campbell).
Sphedanolestes aterrimus, sp. n.
Head, pronotum, scutellum, and femora shining black ; corium, membrane, and tibia more darkly fuscous ; con- nexivum above and beneath spotted with ochraceous; antennse black, first joint (excluding base and apex) and basal area of second joint ochraceous ; first joint of antennze about as long as head and pronotum together; pronotum with the anterior lobe centrally longitudinally broadly sulcate, the posterior lobe discally centrally excavate; femora nodulose ; membrane extending slightly beyond the abdominal apex.
_ Long. 7 mm. Hab. §. India ; Chikkaballapura (Dr. 7. V. Campbell). Allied to S. indicus, Reut.
Endochus albomaculatus. _ Endochus albomaculatus, Stal, GAfv. Vet.-Ak. Férh. 1859, p. 194; Dist. Faun. Brit. Ind, ii. p. 366 (1904). This species, already recorded from Ceylon, has now been received from Dr. T. V. Campbell, who found it in S. India
76 Mr. W. L. Distant on (Chikkaballapura). It is also recorded by Lethierry and
Severin from “ Cambodgia.”
Endochus erectus, sp. n.
Pale ochraceous ; antennz, body beneath, and legs stra- mineous ; apical areas of abdomen (both above and beneath) fuscous ; antenne ochraceous, apex of first joint and the whole of the apical joints rosaceous ; eyes black; head dark ochraceous, about as long as pronotum ; first joint of rostrum distinctly longer than second joint; lateral basal pronotal spines somewhat long, acute, and upwardly and forwardly produced.
Long. 15 mm.
Llab. Nilgiri Hills ; Lovedale (Dx. T. V. Campbell).
Allied to E. albomaculatus, Stal, but differing from that species in the colour, shape, and direction of the pronotal spines, absence of white spot to corium, &c.
Endochus campbelli, sp. n. Greyish black, shortly greyishly pilose; head behind
ocelli, rostrum, coxe and trochanters, upper surfaces of anterior femora and tibia testaceous; intermediate and poste- rior legs stramineous, with the apices of the femora testa- ceous ; sternum and body beneath dull testaceous, thickly and very finely mottled with greyish white ; abdomen above dull testaceous, the connexivum with large ochraceous spots and one beneath near apex ; antenne testaceous, becoming darker in hue towards apex, more palely annulate near apex and middle of first and near apex of third joints, first joint about as long as posterior femora; lateral pronotal spines ochra- ceous, somewhat longly acute, and nearly straightly directed outwardly ; head about as long as pronotum.
Long. 22 mm.
Hab. 8. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell).
Allied to 4. eingalensis, Stal, but differing by the colour of the head and legs, the longer first antennal joint, &c.
Endochus parvispinus, sp. n. Head thickly greyishly pilose, with a central, dark, longi-
tudinal, incised line, and a similar dark transverse line be- tween eyes; anterior pronotal lobe dark ochraceous, with irregular white linear markings ; posterior pronetal lobe paler and thickly minutely spotted with greyish white, lateral basal spines black; lateral margins and apex of scutellum
Reduviide from British India. 77
ereyish white; corium similar in hue to posterior pronotal lobe, but without the minute greyish-white spots ; abdomen above brassy black, connexivum ochraceous; body beneath thickly greyishly pilose ; basal joint of antennz black or blackish and about as long as head, pronotum, and scutellum together ; spines at bases of antenne minute; lateral pro- notal spines slender, black, and laterally slightly upwardly directed.
Long. 17-22 mm.
Hab, 8. In ia ; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell).
Brassivola hystrix.
Brassivola hystrix, Dist. Faun. Brit. Ind, ii. p, 374; fig. 236, p. 373 (1904). ¢.
3. Smaller than ¢, lateral margins of abdomen not dilated.
Long., g, 18 mm.
Hab, 8. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr, T. V. Campbell).
The female type was from Ceylon.
Isyndus modestus, sp. n.
Black ; antenne with a broad subapical annulation to first joint, basal or subbasal annulations to second and third joints, and apical annulations to third and fourth joints, tessellate markings to anterior pronotal lobe, broad anterior margin and narrow hind margin to posterior pronotal lobe, lateral margins and apex to scutellum, corium (excluding clavus), and seg- mental spots to connexivum more or less ochraceous ; mem- brane bronzy black ; body beneath greyishly pilose, marginal spots, stigmata, and abdominal incisures black; legs black, anterior femora with two subapical annulations, intermediate and posterior femora with a single basal annulation, testaceous or ochraceous ; lateral pronotal angles somewhat shortly spinous, the spines slightly directed backwardly, anterior pronotal lobe with a short tuberculous spine on each lateral margin,
Long. 17-22 mm.
Hab. 8. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell).
Allied to J. reticulatus, Stal.
Coranus militaris, sp. n.
Black ; posterior lobe of pronotum (excluding a black spot near each lateral margin), a curved transverse line to scu- tellum, corinm (excluding clavus and apex), and spots to
78 On Reduviide from British India.
connexivum sanguineous; tarsi pale fuscous ; anterior femora strongly incrassated ; anterior pronotal lobe centrally sulcate, but the sulcation not reaching the anterior margin, the poste- rior lobe with its hind margin moderately excavate before scutellum.
Long. 8 mm.
Hab. S. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr..T. V. Campbell). -
Coranus vitellinus, sp. n.
Brownish ochraceous ; eyes, broad lateral fasciz to post- ocular area of head, eyes, clavus, spots to connexivum, mem- brane, and submarginal fascize to abdomen beneath either fuscous or pale bronzy brown; legs brownish ochraceous, the femora either distinctly or indistinctly darkly annulate ; an- tenne ochraceous, the extreme apices of the joints usually distinctly darker in hue; scutellum with a central, pale, narrow, longitudinal fascia ; first joint of antenne about as long as head; basal lateral pronotal angles broadly angulate ; apical joint of the rostrum fuscous.
Long. 9-10 mm.
Hab. 8. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell).
Alleorhynchus notatus, sp. n.
Stramineous, eyes and posterior lobe of pronotum black ; ocelli dark purplish ; two discal spots on anterior lobe of pronotum, scutellum, apical half of clavus, and corium (ex- cluding base and a marginal spot beyond middle) pale purplish brown; connexivum with four marginal black spots ; legs stramineous, femora with darker subapical annulations ; large lateral spots to meso- and metasterna and subapical marginal annulations to posterior half of connexivum beneath black ; antenne black, basal joint stramineous ; membrane purplish brown, with the apical area greyish white and passing the abdominal apex ; intermediate femora with a short black spine near middle of posterior margin.
Long. 53-6 mm.
Hab. S. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell).
Alleorhynchus bicoloratus, sp. n.
Pale ochraceous; head and posterior lobe of pronotum shining black ; scutellum and corium (excluding base) dull black ; meso- and metasterna and a central longitudinal fascia to abdomen beneath black ; second joint of antenne distinctly
On Two Species of Brachycheteumide. 79
black, basal joint of antennze shorter than head ; connexivum with small black spots. Long. 55 mm,
Hab. 8. India ; Nandidrug (Dr. T. V. Campbell).
Phorticus varicolor, sp. n.
Head black; pronotum ochraceous, with two large basal black spots which occupy nearly the whole of base and nar- rowly extend up the lateral margins; scutellum and hemelytra dark brownish, the latter with a large basal angular and an apical ochraceous spot ; membrane black ; body beneath and legs ochraceous ; antennz ochraceous, second joint blackish, basal joint scarcely passing apex of head; first and second joints more or less incrassate ; membrane slightly passing abdo- minal apex; abdomen beneath and legs ochraceous, sternum black ; abdominal incisures very distinct and slightly darker in hue.
Long. 34 mm.
Hab. 8. India ; Chikkaballapura (Dr. 7. V. Campbell).
Genus LANCA. Lanca, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xviii. p. 869 (1906) ; Faun, Brit, Ind., Rhynch. y. p. 212, fig. 117 (1910). Epidaus, Bergr. (nec Stal), Journ. Bomb, Nat. Hist, Soc. xxiv. p. 175 (1915).
Rostrum with the first joint shorter than the two remaining HORUS ECO CELOT she! & Jin vcr avotged PA chads exe boise Orie hoe. + 58 Epidaus. Rostrum with the first joint slightly longer than second joint. Lanca.
Bergroth (supra) writes that Lanca “is a plain synonym of Epidaus.”” I have figured the rostrum of each genus in my Haun. Brit. Ind.
XI.—On the Discovery of Two Species of Brachycheteumide, a Minor Group of Millipedes peculiar to the British Isles. By RicHarp 8. BAaGnatt, F.L.S.
THE species of the genus Brachycheteuma are smallish millipedes ranging from 7 to 8 mm. in length, belonging to the Ascospermophora, white to dirty yellowish-white in
80 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on
colour, being devoid of pigment. They have thirty body- segments, the lateral keels are weakly defined, and the ocelli few in number, usually indistinct and poorly pigmented. That they are clearly of Chordeumid (s. 1.) affinities may be recognized on the field.
The members of the genus are to be found on the ground surface beneath shallow coverings of fallen leaves or under stones, sheltering in crevices or about the roots of vegetation. If found on the surface of the earth or perhaps on the under surface of the upturned stone, they usually remain quiet for some little time, and will then, or if but slightly disturbed, run away with a quick gliding movement. If less mildly disturbed, or touched for instance by the dead leaves one may be removing, they will quickly curl up, and, the conformation of the ground being suitable, roll away.
The best time to search for these animals would seem to be from the early spring (say, March) to May, and again in the late autumn.
Although we now know four species of Brachycheteuma, the genus is only of recent discovery. The first species and type of the genus and family, Brachycheteuma bagnalli, Verhoeff, was described in 1911*, and in greater detail the following year t, from a single male example collected by the writer in Gibside, a fine old piece of woodland in the county of Durham.
Until 1917, when Dr. Hilda and the Rev. S. Graham Brade-Birks diagnosed Brachycheteuma bradee (Brol. et Brade-Birks) | from Lancashire (examples of both sexes having been secured), no further discoveries of the group had been made. ‘They referred this species to a new genus— Jacksoneuma,—but upon the rediscovery of Brachycheteuma bagnalli, as detailed below, Verhoeff’s description of the genus proved to be at fault in three important particulars, so that the genus Jacksoneuma, the erection of which was fully justified upon the data at that time available, had to be
* Verhoeff, K. W., “ Ueber Brachycheteuma, n. g., und Titanosoma Jurassicum aus England,” Zool. Anz. xxxviii. pp. 455-458, Nov. 14, 1911.
+ Verhoeff, K. W., ‘On the Occurrence of Brachycheteuma, Titano- soma, and Polymicrodon in England,” Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Northd., Durham, and Newcastle, n. s. iv. pp. 148-167, pls. ix. & x., June 1912.
Bagnall, R. 8., “ Brief Records of Chetechylene vesuviana, Newp., and other Myriapods new to the British Fauna,” The Zoologist, xvi. pp. 264- 266, July 1912.
¢ Brade-Birks, Hilda K. and Rey. S. G., “ Notes on Myriapoda.—VIT. “ A new Member of the Order Ascospermophora (Jacksoneuma bradee, gen, et sp. nov.),” Journ. Zool. Res. ii. pp. 185-149, figs., Dec. 1917.
Two Species of Brachycheteumide. 81
withdrawn, and the diagnosis of the genus Brachycheteuma and the family Brachychzeteumide amended *.
The Discovery of Brachycheteuma melanops.
A few months after Brachycheteuma bradeew had been made known I happened to be in London, and between appointments with Admiralty officials 1 spent a short week- end with a friend in the Honorable Artillery Company, then encamped at Swanage. Thusit happened that on the evening of my arrival on April 6th, 1918, and when it was almost dusk, I stumbled upon another species of the genus, which occurred in numbers below Belle Vue, and, proving to be new, has been described by my friends under the name Brachycheteuma melanops +.
The cliffs at Belle Vue are very beautiful, standing out in somewhat marked contrast to those on either side. High up are plantations of evergreens, cedars, pines, laurestinas, and holly-oaks, and from here one can see the bay flanked to the left by a green-clothed prominence screening Peveril Point, and to the right by the undercliff stretching away to Durlston Head. ‘The undercliffs are intersected by paths, the main one leading to Durlston Head, but here broken away and there perhaps blocked by a fall of rock from above; the undergrowth is chiefly of bracken and bramble, but towards the ‘* Head” and below the plantations are little groves—conifers, poplars, and privet predominating,—with tracks leading perhaps to a little knoll or winding to the shore below.
I first discovered B. melanops in some plenty by scraping the surface covering of fallen leaves and needles in the lower plantations and groves where somewhat damp; later I found it under stones, but only in this sparsely wooded area, and not on the undercliffs. It was very plentiful—perhaps the most plentiful myriapod in early April,—but was found in less numbers six weeks later.
In October 1918 I found a few examples of a Brachy- cheteuma in the neighbourhood of Torquay and Babbacombe which proved to be the Swanage species, B. melanops, and on December 31st, 1918, and New Year’s Day, 1919, it
* Brade-Birks, Hilda K. and Rev. G.S., “ Notes on Myriapoda.—X. On the Family Brachycheteumide,” J. c. iii. pp. 47-58, figs., Oct. 1918.
+ Brade-Birks, Hilda K. and Rey. S. G., “ Notes on Myriapoda.—XI. Description of a new Species of Diplopoda (Brachychetewma melanops),” 1. ¢, lil. pp. 55-61, figs., Oct. 1918.
82 Mr. R.S. Bagnall on
occurred more frequently than in October, probably because the undergrowth was less dense and I had better opportunities for this class of collecting. :
On this latter visit I spent some hours exploring Kent’s Cavern with my friend Mr. J. Williams Vaughan, where B. melanops was one of the dominant myriapods ; it occurred in the inmost depths of the caves and in all the galleries.
The Re-discovery of B. bagnalli. Although I repeatedly searched for B. bagnalli in Gibside,
I was never able to turn up further examples ; but shortly after my return from Swanage and the discovery of B. me- lanops Mr. H. 8. Wallace gave me a tube collected in a garden at Haddrick’s Mill, Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the last week of April 1918, which contained six examples of B, bagnalli, 5 2 ¢ and 1 g, and a 9 example of another recently described millipede, Afonacobates tenuis, Bigler *. I accordingly accompanied my friend to Haddrick’s Mill, where we took several examples of both sexes in and about the precincts of an old quarry; and subsequent visits proved that the species was well established and not uncommon.
Later I found a little colony under a log in a garden at Fenham, another residential part of Newcastle 2 miles or more distant from Haddrick’s Mill, and only this month (May) Mr. Wallace found a female example at Hexham, where I ultimately turned up both sexes, and thus established its identity.
Ecological Notes.
In the cited discoveries of B. melanops and B. bagnalli I noticed a certain definite association of allied forms, and if zoologists find certain of the millipedes or centipedes named below there should be a chance of meeting with Brachy- cheteuma.
For the uninitiated I should add that Stigmatogaster subterraneus, Clinopodes linearis, and Chetechylene vesuviana are large Geophilids, a family of long slender centipedes, generally yellow or yellowish-brown and bearing a large number of legs. Chordeumella scutellare is a “‘square-backed ”
* Bigler, Walter, “‘ Die Diplopoden von Basel und Umgebung,” Rey. Suisse Zool. Genéve, xxi. pp. 675-793, pls. xvii.—xix., 1913.
Bagnall, R. 8., “ Records of some new British Diplopods and Pauro- pods, with a Preliminary Check List of the British ‘ Myriapoda,’” Journ. Zool. Res. iii. pp. 87-93, Oct, 1918.
Two Species of Brachycheteumide. 83
millipede belonging to the Microchordeumide, and therefore more closely related to Brachycheteumidz ; it is smallish, has 28-30 body-segments, and the lateral keels are vestigial. Macrosternodesmus palicola and Ophiodesmus albonanus ave our two smallest examples of the true square-backed milli- pedes of the family Polydesmide ; they are both white; the former is the smaller and more slender, has 19 body-segments, and the lateral keels are irregular (notched or “ toothed ’’) as in Polydesmus and Brachydesmus, whilst Ophiodesmus has 20 body-segments, with the lateral keels entire as in Ortho- morpha. Monacubates isa Protoiulid, very slender and small, like a short piece of animated wire.
Brachycheteuma melanops.
SWANAGE (Jurassic formation). Stigmatogaster subter- raneus, common; Aacrosternodesmus palicola, frequent; the recently discovered Ophiodesmus albonanus, both sexes, several ; and Monacobates tenuis, rare.
Torquay Disrrict (Middle Devonian). Whilst collecting in this district no species were found commonly or in company, but the following were noted while searching for Brachy- chateuma :—Stigmatogaster, rare and apparently replaced by Chetechylene vesuviana, a species so far only known from South Devon in our country ; Dlacrosternodesmus, Ophio- desmus, uid tle Jonacobates, rare.
Brachycheteuma bagnalli.
Gibside, Co. DurHam (Carboniferous). Stigmatogaster, rare; Macrosternodesmus and Monacobates, in numbers. The original example ot B. bagnalli was found here, but has not yet been rediscovered, and a solitary female example of Chordeumel/a is also recorded,
NEWCASTLE-ON-1'YNE (Carboniferous). Haddrick’s Mill : Stigmatogaster, not uncommon; Maerosternvdesmus and Monacobates, frequent ; Chordeumella sp., once only. Fen- ham: Stigmatogaster, Macrosternodesmus, and Monacobates were all found under the single log harbouring the Fenham colony of B. bagnalli,
Hexuam (Millstone Grit). Monacobates occurred in very large numbers, together with a few of a similar creature— Nopotulus palmatus,—but only two examples of Macrosterno- desmus were found. A Geophilid, curiously resembling Stigmatogaster, proved to be Clinepodes linearis,a rare southern form that I had not previously met with.
84 Mr. W. J. Kaye on new Nymphalide cc.
An Atlantean Group ?
Species of terrestrial arthropods peculiar to our country are rare, and particularly so if we consider groups which have had an equal or greater attention from Continental naturalists. Since the pioneer work of Newport, Leach, and (later) Meinert and Latzel, the Central and Southern European “ Myriapods ” have received close study, whilst until very recently the British forms have been entirely neglected. Yet here we have a natural group containing four species* widely distri- buted in this country, not extraordinarily small and without any near relatives on the Continent. If the group had its centre of distribution in Western Europe, then it would have spread east and south, and remnants would have surely been found on the Continent of to-day. Similarly, were the group of Lusitanian origin it would be more richly represented in the Mediterranean subregion than with us. But not only is Brachycheteuma or allied genus unknown elsewhere, but its distribution with us (north, south, midlands, east, and west of England) does not suggest a Lusitanian group, and we are thus forced to suggest that Brachycheteuma is of Atlantean origin, and that in the very dim past it formed a modest member of the fauna of the old continent of Atlantis.
XII.—New Species and Genera of Nymphalide, Syntomide, and Sphingide in the Joicey Collection. By W. J. Kaye,
F.E.S.
Family Nymphalida.
The confusion over certain species of Callithea is consider- able, and as a foreword to the description of the new forms that follow it is as well to state the position adopted. Calh- thea davisi was described by Butler (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, vol. xx. p. 123, 1877), as Hewitson had confused two species under one name—markii. Fig. 2 of Hewitson (Ex. Butt., Callithea, pl. i.)—the first under the species—becomes
* For description of the fourth species see Brade-Birks, Hilda K. and Rev. S. G., “ Notes on Myriapods.—XII. A Preliminary List for Derby- shire, with a Description of Brachycheteuma quartum, sp. 0., and Chord- ewmella scutellare bagnalli, var. n.,” Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 9, xi. pp. 319-336, figs., Oct. 1918.
in the Joicey Collection. 85
the type of the species marki7, and fig. 5 is another species which Butler named davist. This was all correct. till Staudinger, not knowing of Butler’s description, described this same insect as hewitsont in Exot. Tag. i. p. 123 (1888). Staudinger also gave the name wallacei to Hewitson’s figs. 2, 3,6, but quite unjustifiably. C. davist now seems to have several local races, of which I describe below two as new. The C. refulgens may be a race of markit. C. batesi is most probably a distinct species, with the hind margin of the hind wing bluish green and the broad apical area of fore wing of the same colour. The 2 2 of batest and markii may. be distinguished by these characters and also by the amount of yellow at the base of the hind wing. Batest has a large yellow area stretching halfway across the cell, while marki has a very small amount and much broken up with brown. The synonymy of these three species is as follows :—
Callithea markit, Hew. Ex. Butt., Call. i. publ. 1862 (plate dated 1857, ined.).
Callithea wallacet, Stgr. Ex. Tag. i. p. 123 (1888). Callithea markit (=wallacet), Rob. in Seitz. Mac. Lep. v. p. 491 (1915).
Hab. Upper Amazons, Tetfé.
Callithea bates’, Hew. Trans. Ent. Soe. i. pl. xi. (1850).
Callithea batesi, Hew. Ex. Butt., Callithea, pl. i. figs. 1, 4 (1862); Rob. in Seitz. Mac. Lep. v. p. 491 (1915).
Hab. Upper Amazons. Callithea davisi, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, vol. xx.
p. 123 (1877).
Callithea markii, Hew. (part.), Exot. Butt., Cadi. pl. i. fig. 5 (1862). Callithea hewitsoni, Stgr. Exot. Tag. i. p. 123 (1888) ; Rob. in Seitz. Mac. Lep. v. p. 491 (1915).
Hab. Colombia, Upper Amazons, Peru.
This species has at least three separate races :— Callithea davisi davisi, Butl.
Colombia.
Callithea davist croceus, Kaye. N. Peru, Contamana, Rio Ucayali.
Callithea davisi tirapatensis, Kaye. S. Peru, Tirapata. Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Bol. iv. - 7
86 © Mr. W.J. Kaye on new Nymphalidae de.
Callithea davisi croceus, subsp. n.
Fore wing ochreous with a slight pinkish tinge. Broad apical area black except near costa, which is deep blue. Inner margin black with only very slight suffusion near base. Hind wing purplish blue, with the area about tornus brightest.
Expanse 62 mm.
Hab. Ecuador, Sarayacu, Upper Amazons, Jurua.
This subspecies is very like davisi davisi, except for the yellow fore wing. The next following subspecies from South Peru is much further removed.
Type in Coll. Joicey.
Callithea davisi tirapatensis, subsp. n.
Fore wing yellowish ochreous, the inner margin blackish extending basally into the cell. Apical area black, with hardly a trace of blue, and the small apical greenish streak often with a whitish area in centre. Hind wing black, with a conspicuous blue patch at tornus extending beyond vein 2 internally and beyond vein 4 externally. Fore wing below with the lower part cf the greenish apical area blackish internally.
Expanse 62 mm.
Hab. 8. Peru, Tirapata, Yahuarmayo.
Type in Coll. Joicey.
Callithea refulgens, sp. n.
g. Fore wing like markit, Hew., but the blue of the distal half deeper internally and lighter externally and in costal area. The base pinkish ochreous inclining to reddish. The apex dull blackish, with a narrow subapical slaty green band. The whole broad distal half or more of the wing various shades of deep brilliant blue, becoming blackish internally and on the inner margin. Hind wing with a faint indication of a slaty greenish subterminal band mostly obscured by the deep blue of