ill Entomological News -o- VOLUME VI, 1895- EDITOR : HENRY SKINNER, M. D. PHILIP P. CALVERT, Associate Editor. ADVISORY COMMITTEE : GEO. H. HORN, M.D. EZRA T. CRESSON. CHARLES A. BLAKE. Rev. HSNRV C. McCooK, D.D. CHARLFS LIEBECK. PHILADELPHIA: ENTOMOLOGICAL ROOMS OK THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, LOGAN SQUARE. 1895. INDEX TO VOLUME VI. THE GENERAL SUBJECT. Aberration, Variety, Race and Form 7, 34, 77, 107 Association of Economic Ento- mologists, Meeting of, . . 255 Biography, See Obituary. Brooklyn Entomological So- ciety, Meeting of, .... 165 Do Insects Play, 48 Economic Entomology, 46, 83, 118, 153, 1 88, 255, 292, 323. Editorials, 17, 45, 82, 116, 151, 187, 224, 254, 291, 322. Entomological Literature, . 21, 49, 89, 125, 159, 191, 228, 265, 298, 326. Entomological Section, A. N. S. Phila., Meetings of, 27, 94, 131, 166, 197, 235, 302, 331. Entomological Section, Chi- cago Academy of Sciences, 235 Entomology, Ignorance of the Knowledge of, in 1853 . 67 Eye, Compound, 97 Feldman Collecting Social, Meetings of, 26, 58, 93, 130, 165, 195, 271, 301, 33°- Illinois Entomology 118 Insecticides, Vapors and Gases as 189 Insect Life 188 Insect Lime, 46 Insects as Pollenizers, . 323 Lake Worth, Florida, Collect- ing at, 133 Mt. Washington, Additions to the List of Insects taken in the Alpine Region of, . . 4, 316 Mt. Washington, Tin; Season on, 276 Names, — Scientific vs. Com- mon, ........ 2\ 2 Notes and News, . 18, 47, 87, 123, 157, 190, 225, 261, 296. Obituary: Arribalzaga, F. L., . . . 32 Bradford, G. D , ... 64 Duda, L., ....... 340 Fallow, J. F., ..... ;v|" Gerstaecker, A., .... 272 Honrath, E. G ...... 32 Marx, G., ...... 64 Morris, J. G., ..... 273 Neumoegen, B ..... 64, 65 Provancher, L'Abbe, . . . 209 Riley, C. V ....... 242 Say, T., . . . .1, 33, s"- I02 S.-i.-ber. C. E., . . 172 Sliimer, H ..... 240, Stalcy, O. J.. . .172 Stromberg, C. W ...... 172 Steaming, Sawdust for, . . (82 Tortugas, Note on the Insects of the ........ 210 ARACHNID*. , Ittiis concolor, n. sp., . . . 206 Che lifer ........ IJ5 Chernetid attached to Fly . .MS /. p «.w missouriensis, n. sp., . Marx Collection, ... . 264 Missouri Spiders. ... 204 Mite larva, Parasitic, . Myi'tiriii a^'i/is n. sp., . . New N. A. sp :i ies, . COiEOPTERA After Coleoptera, . . . i\S Incidinn Bostrichus typographns, \\ 11 INDEX. Bostrirhns spectabilis, . . . 326 /•rva.ris, 184 llrvaxis semirugosa n. sp., . 183 Cicindelaformosaand venusta, 176 Cicindela liinbata, .... 284 Collecting Coleoptera, . . .311 Colorado Coleoptera, Bio- graphical Notes on some, . 27 Coniontis sanfordii n. sp., . 235 Cryptocephalus auratus, . . i/Jj D modems brei'is, .... 326 Drasteriiis si 'mini 'us, . . . .326 Eliodes annata itnpotens, n. sp., ... ... 236 Ele odes confin is n. sp., . . . 237 Elm Leaf Beetle, 292 Helops stenotrichoides n. sp., 238 Hydrocharusobtusatus and Sil- pha Surinam en sis, Larva of, 168 Illinois C., 309 New California C., .... 235 New N. A. species, 183, 235, 236, 237. 238. Orange Mts., C. of, . . . . 226 Or opus striatus, 185 Potato Stalk Borer, . . . .120 Pselaphidse, 183 Rhexidius aspcrulus, . . .185 Sago/a, 185 Scolytus ^-spinosus, . . 255, 294 Trichobaris irinotata, . . .120 Tychus testae eus, 184 Vesperoctenus Flohri, . . .114 DIPTERA. Colorado Diptera, Biological Notes on, 173 Dichocera n. gen., .... 31 J)ichocera lirata n. sp., ... 32 Heteropterina Macq., Occur- rence in N. A., . . . . . 207 Heteropterina nasoni n. sp., . 207 New N. A. Genera and Spe- cies, 31, 132, 207 Tachinid, A new 29 Volucella, A new, 131 Volucella kincaidii n. sp., . . 132 HEMIPTERA. Aleyrodes, 157 Alypioides, Note on, .... 200 Alypioides dugesii n. var. . .201 Bcrgrothia, 261 Chinch-bug, i IQ Chionaspis minor, . . . .157 Cicada hieroglyphica, . . . 84 Coccidological Items, . . .325 Cotton Scale 157 Cienochiton perforatus, . . . 325 Dactylopius iceryoides, . . . 325 Dactylopius aurilanatus, . . 325 Dactylopius nipce, . . . . ^25 Diaspis atny-gdale, . . 123. 157 Diaspis lanatus, . . . 123, 157 Gossyparia uhni, 325 Harmostes, 262 Margarodes trilob if inn n. sp., 86 Margarodes vitas, . . . .123 New N. A. species, . . 201, 203 San Jose" Scale, 153 Thclia, New species of, . . 203 Thelia godingi n. sp., . . . 203 Vine-destroying Insect, A new, 85 HYMENOPTERA. Acanthochalcis nigricans, . . i>c,o Agricultural Ant, 307 Ant Stings, 48 Ants, Arizona, 2:4 Ants' Nests, 15 Ants' Nests, Fungous Gardens in, 324 Anthidiuin emarginatum, . . 252 Apantcles, New, 201 Apanteles ephestife n. sp., . .201 Atta inalcfaciens, 307 Bees and Lizard, 17 Bees and Wasps, Habits of, . 252 Bombus, Parasites of, ... 248 Brachycistis idiot es n. sp., . 63 Bracon hebetor, 324 Clistopyga, New species of, . 198 Clistopyga alborhombarta n. sp., 198 Clistopyga zonata n. sp., . .198 INDEX. in Formicidae of Lawrence, Mass. , 220 Habrobracon gelechicz, . . . 324 Lyda ochreata, 200 Monophadnus rubi, .... 200 Nematus saliciim, 18 New Hymenoptera, .... 60 New N. A. species, 60, 61, 63, 198, 201, 202. Sauva Ant, 19 Saw-fly Larvae, 199 Sph&rophthalma bigutta n. var. 63 Sphcerophthalma myrmicoides n. sp., 6r Sphcerophthalma prunofincta n. sp., Spherularia bombi, . . . Trichiosoma triangulum, . 48 60 248 199 LEPIDOPTERA. Amblyscirtes celia n. sp., . .113 Anthocharis geniilia, . . .145 Caccecia magnoliana, . . .175 Ca/liomma denticulata n. sp., 141 Carneades acornis n. sp., . . 335 Carneades recticincta n. sp., . 334 Carneades servifus n. sp., . . 336 Carneades vulpina n. sp., . . 335 Cecropia Moth, 136 Chicago, Collecting around, . 314 Chionobas calif arnica, . . .321 Chrysophanns helloides, . . .297 Cocoon Mimicry, . . . 147, 311 Coddling Moth, 85 Colorado, Moths of, .... 73 Composia, 87 Coriscium cucitlipent'/liun, . . 109 Epheitia knrhuirela, .... 324 Eiidainns rauterbergi n. var., . 113 Eudrya s Stcs Johannis, . . .152 Flour Moth, 324 Food-plants, 137 Oeometrina, N. A., u, 40, 70, 103 Grapta, 261 Gypsy Moth, 20 Hammock, A Curious, . . .109 Harrisimemna, Larva of, . . 340 Hypatus bachmani, . . . .190 i 144 166 261 337 337 113 166 Imagines, Tardiness of, Larvae, Collecting, . . . Larvae, Parasitized Leucarctia rickseckeri, . . Lepidoptera, California, . Lycaenids, New African, . Maine, Grapta from, . . . Mamcstra gtissata n. sp., Miiuiestra higmvis n. sp., . Mauiestra larissa n. sp., Me lit a a neumoegeni n. sp., Mimacreea neurata n. sp., . Mimicry, .... 138, 311 Moths, Column of, . . 16 Moths, High Mountain, . . . 73 Neumoegen Collection, Types, 216 287. NewN. A. species, 29, 112, 113, 141 « 332-339- Noctua atriciiita n. sp., . Noctua patefacta n. sp., . . Noctica substrigata n. sp., . Oregon, Butterflies, . Orneodes, Larva ...... Papilio ajax, . ..... J'api/io pelans, Female of, . Papilio tiirnn* ....... Phcegoptera, A new, . . P/HZgoptera masoni n. sp., . Phlegcthontiits cingulata, . . Popular Entomology, . . . Pyralida; and Pterophoridae, Relationship, . . . Pyrameis cardni ...... '5° Rhode Island, L. of, . 47 Rhopalocera, Notes on, . .112 Saturniidae, Cocoons, -74 Sphingida-, American, . . . M' Tennessee Rhopalocera, 245, 281 Teriomima galcnides n. sp., . 167 Thecla sari/a n. sp., . .112 Tortricid, Magnolia-blossom, Virginia, Notes from, . . NEUROPTERA. Aeschnapentacantha, . . Enallagma geminata n. sp., . 239 251 100 296 3' '3 29 29 95 145 175 24.; IV INDEX. Meleoma signoretti, .... 225 Odotiata, 239 Odonata, Larval stage of, . . 181 ORTHOPTERA. Katydid's orchestra, .... 323 THYSANURA. Ctzcilius mobilis, 18 Hemerobius humu/i, . . . . 18 CONTRIBUTORS TO VOL. VI. Albright, M., 144 Anonymous 145 Ashton, T. B., 67 Baker, C. F., ... 27, 201, 173 Banks, N., . 19, 115, 124, 204, 225 Barber, H. G., 191 Bischoff, E. A., 227 Bland, J. H. B., 185 Blaisdell, F. E., 235 Brendel, E., 97, 183 Bruce, D., 73 Calvert, P. P., 181 Cockerell, T. D. A., 18, 60, 123, 157, 180, 200, 262, 325. Coquillett, D. W., . . 131, 207 Cunningham, B. L., . . 251, 321 Daggett, F. S., 311 Davidson, A., 252 Davis, G. C., 198 Dearden, W., 296 Dyar, H. G., . 38, 95, 100, 199, 340 Ehrmann, G. A., 303 Fall, H. C., , . . . . 108, 176 Farnham, G. D., 150 Fenner, H. W., 214 Foulks. O. D., 298 Hancock, J. L. 180 Healy, J. L., 297 Holland, W. J., 166 Horn, G. H., . . 114, 179, 326 Hornig, H 311 Hulst, G. D., . . n, 40, 70, 103 Johnson, W. G. 324 Keith, E. D., 48 Kellicott, D. S., 239 King, G. B., 220 Knab, F .15 Knaus, W., 284 Kunze, R. E., . . . 18, 48, 147 Laurent, P., 274 Lembert, J. B., . . . . 137, 182 Longley, W. E., . . . : . 314 Lugger, O., 138 Meeske, H., 227 Monell, J. T., 17 Ormonde, F., 212 Osburn, W., 245, 281 Ottolengui, R., 7, 34, 77, 107, 216, 287. Schaus, W 29, 87, 141 Skinner, H., . . 112, 261, 297 Slingerland, M. V., . . 109, 175 Slosson, Mrs. A. T., . 4, 133, 263, 276, 316. Smith, H. H., 48 Smith, J. B., 46, 83, JiS, 153, 292, 332, and economic department. Smyth, E. A., 243 Stiles, C. W 248 Valentine, H. E., 16 VanDuzee, E. P., 203 Webster, F. M., i, 33, So, 101, 124 Weith, P. J 158 Westcott, O. S., 136 White, H. G., 21 Wickham, H. F., . . 56, 168, 210 \Villiston, S. W., 29 Wolcott, A. B., 309 ENT. NEWS, Vol. VI. PI. I. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. VOL. vi. JANUARY, 1895. No. i. CONTENTS: Webster — Thomas Say i Slosson — Additional list of insects taken in alpine region of Mt. Washington Notes and News 18 Entomological Literature 21 Doings of Societies 26 Ottolengui — Aberration, variety, race Entomological Section 27 and form 7 , Baker — Biological notes on some Colo- Hulst— North American Geometrina in rado Coleoptera 27 European collections n Knab — Ant nests 15 Editorial 17 Schaus — A new Phasgoptera from Mex. 29 Williston — A new Tachinid with re- markable antennae 29 THOMAS SAY— I By Prof. F. M. WEBSTER, Wooster, Ohio. During late Autumn of the year 1888, the writer had the pleas- ure of spending a few days in New Harmony, Ind., a guest of the late Col. and Mrs. Richard Owen, both of whom were resi- dents of that somewhat famous little city during the nine years that " The Father of American Entomology" made it his home, and with whom they were both personally acquainted. Though at that time upwards of ninety years old, Col. Owen and his good wife pointed out many, to me, historic places, made sacred by their associations with Thomas Say, and feeling that not only such places would sooner or later disappear, but those who were able to give their history from personal recollections would within a few years cross the Dark River, I engaged to have a series of photographic views taken under the supervision of my host and hostess. The three views that are to follow in forthcoming num- bers of the NEWS, were thus obtained, and will be explained as they are consecutively used. The portrait included in this number is from a photograph of a steel engraving in the posses- sion of Mr. Frategot, of New Harmony, to whose father it was 2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [January, presented by Say, who considered it a very faithful picture of himself. Dr. Skinner informs me that there is another of these engravings in the library of The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and beyond this I know nothing of the history of the original, nor could I learn anything of it at New Harmony. In this portion of my sketch, the aim will be to follow Say only to his removal from Philadelphia to Indiana, in 1825, the re- mainder will accompany the engravings which illustrate his life in his Western home. As the author has not been able to himself secure any impor- tant data from the people of New Harmony relative to the life of Say prior to his coming West, he is for this information obliged to draw very largely upon the memoir read by Say's friend, Mr. George Ord, oeiore the American Philosophical Society, Dec. 19, 1834, and 1 ^uiished in the LeConte edition of Say, pp. vii— xxi. vol. i. Thomas Say was born in Philadelphia, July 27, 1787, of Quaker parentage, at least on his father's side, the latter being a physician and apothecary. Thomas was educated under Quaker patronage, which probably compared favorably with the educational ideas of the times, but the embryo entomologist appears to have had a too warm love for nature to take kindly to such unnatural methods of acquiring knowledge, and as a result his distaste for letters frequently appeared in his publications during after life. With* the thrift and industry so frequently a marked characteristic among the Friends, it is not surprising that his father should seek to place his son in a respectable avocation, and, hence, after he left school, Say was first taken into partnership in business by his father, and later established, with others, a separate firm, to continue in the same useful calling. Here, again he gave token of his future, and at this early day appears to have thoroughly abhorred a life of buying and selling as he did in later years. He appears to have inherited the mild, lovable disposition of the sect from whence he sprung, but not their thrifty financial ability. He was, during his whole career, generous to a fault, but his honesty and integrity has never been questioned. In the minds of those of his acquaintances who yet survive him, he lives as a man who loved his neighbor ^even better than himself and who never had -an enemy. With such a character it is not in the least surprising that he did not succeed in business, but became I8Q5-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 3 pecuniarily responsible for the engagements of others, a course ending in failure and bankruptcy. His financial reverses, how- ever, do not seem to have weighed heavily upon his mind, but, on the contrary, as the grieved child turns to its mother's arms for solace and soothing words, so Thomas Say, in his financial troubles, appears to have sought consolation in his studies of nature, quietly living what Bryant wrote in the opening stanza of Thanatopsis, and, disregarding his losses, found that healing sympathy, that stole away their sharpness ere he was aware. Mr. Say became a member of The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia in April, 1812, soon after it had been reorgan- ized, and when the crisis in his financial affairs left him stranded, took up his abode in the building in which the Academy held its meetings, and turning his back on the financial world as it were, began his entomological labors in earnest. It was here that he was brought in close contact with his afterwards friend and bene- factor, William Maclure, Esq., but of their relations later we shall have more to say further on in our series of sketches. It was in the Journal of the Academy of Sciences, began in 1817, that Say first appears as an author, which seemed to strengthen the bonds binding him more closely to his chosen field of scien- tific investigation. In 1818, with Messrs. Maclure and Titian R. Peale, he visited the sea islands and adjacent coast of Georgia and eastern Florida, from which latter region they were driven by the hostility of the Spanish, who yet had control of the terri- tory. It was doubtless this journey that paved the way for his connection with the two scientific expeditions fitted out by the United States Government, and placed under the command of Major Long, with Thomas Say as chief zoologist. The years intervening between 1818 and 1825, when he left Philadelphia, were certainly busy ones for Say, who, aside from his connection with these expeditions which necessarily required considerable time in accompanying them to the then unexplored regions of the West, he was for a time Professor of Natural History in the University of Pennsylvania, and of Zoology to the Philadelphia Museum. Two of the three volumes of his "American Ento- mology" were published, and besides this all of the ornitholog- ical papers appearing in the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, to which the name of Charles Bonaparte is attached, were edited by him at the request of the author. More than this, 4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [January, he prepared for the press the first volume of Bonaparte's " Nat- ural History of Birds Inhabiting the United States," though it was afterwards revised by another. So fully was he occupied with his own labors, and so freely did he devote his time to assist others, that he prolonged his studies far into the night, even during Summer until the breaking of day, thus sapping his life for the benefit of science and his fellow-man. Even before he left his native city he was much broken down in health, though giving freely both of his time and means, when he had any, and willing to do even more. Such was Thomas Say at the age of thirty-eight, when he was induced by Messrs. Maclure and Owen to accompany them to their confraternity of New Harmony. Of his life and labors in Indiana during the remaining nine years of his life I shall speak farther in a second paper. -o- ADDITIONAL LIST OF INSECTS TAKEN IN ALPINE REGION OF MT. WASHINGTON. By ANNIE TRUMBULL SLOSSON. A year ago I published (ENT. NEWS, vol. v, p. i) a catalogue of the insects I had up to that time taken on the summit of Mt. Washington. That list comprised 300 species. I have this season taken in same region, at or above 5500 feet altitude, more than 200 species not included in former list. I herewith append the names of these, and I take this opportunity to acknowledge gratefully the invaluable assistance of Messrs. Coquillett, Liebeck, Fox, Davis, Banks, Van Duzee and others, who have identified for me insects in the different orders. HYMENOPTERA. Lyda semidea Cr. Tenthredinidae. Uroceridae. Hylotoma pectoralis Leach. Urocerus abdominalis Ilarr. Harpiphorus maculatus Nort. Monophadnus tilke Nort. Ichueumonidae. Macrophya slossonia IfacG. mss. Ichneumon brevicinctor Sav. tibiator Nort. " fur.estus Cr. Taxonus borealis MacG. mss. lastus Brullc. Tenthredo grandis Nort. milvus Cr. ruficolor Nort. pravus Cr. tricolor Nort. promptus Cr. " variata Nort. " sp. ? I895-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Cryptus atricollaris var. montivagus Prov. sp. ? " sp.? sp.? Limneria flaviricta Cr. " hostilis Cr. ? Banchus sp. ? Euceros n. sp. Lampronota rubrica var. ? Cr. sp. ? Meniscus elegans Cr. superbus Prov. slossonae Davis mss. Braconidae. Ascogaster rufipes Prov. Macrodus sp. ? Opius n. sp. Chalcididee. Chalcis flavipes Fab. Myrmicidae. Leptothorax canadensis Prov. Pompilidae. Pompilus apicatus Prov. Andrenidae. Prosopis varifrons var. ? Andrena sp. ? Apidae. Nomada bisignata Say. Bombus terricola Kirby. HEMIPTERA Heteroptera. Ischnorhynchus didymus Zett. Rhinocapsus vanduzei Uhl. Plagiognatlius obscurus Uhl. Pagasa nitida Stal. Diplodus luridus Stal. Hanoptera. Helicoptera septentrionalis Prov. Idiocerus lachrymalis Fitch. suturalis Fitch. pallidus Fitch ? Thamnotettix kennicotti Uhl. Aphid gen. ? sp. ? COLEOPTERA. Cicindelidae. Cicindela 6-guttata Fab. Carabidae. Bembidium quadrimaculatum Linn Platynus quadripunctatus DeG. Harpalus viridiasneus Beauv. Tachycellus nigrinus Dej. Gyrinidae. Dineutes sp. ? Staphylinidae. Tachyporus chrysomelinus Linn. Paederus littorarius Gray. Mycetoporus lepidus Horn. Coccinellidae. Hippodamia parenthesis Say. Hyperaspis lugubris Rand. Scymnus tenebrosus Mnls. Cryptophagidae. Atomaria ephippiata Zimm. ? Histeridae. Hister interruptus JBcaiiv. Nitidulidae. Epursea ovata Horn. Ips sanguinolentus O/ii\ Elateridae. Adelocera aurorata Lee. Elater fusculus Lee. " pull us (,'cnn. Buprestidae. Delphacinus vittipennis VanD. mss Dicerca divaricata > ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [January, Ceraiubycitlae. Criocephalus asperatus Lee. Bellamira scalaris Say. Xylotrechus quadrimaculatus Hald Acanthocinu's obliquus Lee. Chrysomelidae. Diachus auratus Fab. Typophorus 4-notatus Say. thoracicus Melsh. Prasocuris varipes Lee. Disonycha pennsylvanica ///. xanthomelaena Dalm. Crepidodera helxines Linn. Melandryidae. Emmesa connectens Newm. Pythidae. Salpingus virescens Lee. Meloidae. Epicauta cinerea Forst. var. ? Curculionidae. Pissodes affinis Raud. Anthonomus scutellatus Gyll. Hylobius pales Hbst. Cryptorhynchus bisignatus Say. Scolytidae. Xyloterus bivittatus Kirby. Polygraphus nigripennis. Dryocoetes autograph us. DIPTERA. Bolitophila fusca* Meig. Simulium pisicidium Riley. Bibio femoratus Wied. Gnophomyia tristissiina O. S. Bittacomorpha clavipes Fab. Arthroceras leptis O. S. Stratiomyia picipes Lw. Pangonia tranquil la O. S. Chrysops indus O. S. Laphria canis Willst. Hybos triplex \\-alk. Ernpis ravida Cog. mss. Dolichopus longimanus Liu . Psilopus sipho Say. Lonchoptera lutea Panz. Didea laxa O. S. Yolucella evicta Walk. Mallota posticata Fab. Temnostoma venustum Willst. Platypeza obscura Lw. Jurinia algens Wied. Echinomyia florum Walk. Nemoraea n. sp. Exorista platysamiae Town. n. sp. Masicera n. sp. luctuosa v. d. II-. Frontina n. sp. Eulasiona comstocki Town. Ennyomma clistoides Town. Chaetona tenebrosa Cog. mss. Cynomyia groenlandica Zett. flavipalpis Alacq. Calliphora vomitoria Linn. erythrocephala Meig. Haematobia serrata Desv. Musca domestica Linn. Aricia marmorata* Zett. " vagans* Fall. " nigrifrons Walk. " sp. ? " sp. ? " sp. ? Spilogaster carbonella* Zett. Hyclrotaaa occulta* Meig. Hylemyia lipsia Walk. Phorbia floccosa Macq. fusciceps Zett. perrima ]] alk. Homalomyia caniculatus Linn. Caricea albicornis* Mci» \ substituta Walk. lata Walk. nivea Linn. solita \\-alk. " intacta II alk. * " Not before recognized from America," D. W. Coquillett. I895-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Cordylura slossonii Cog. mss. Scatophaga merdaria* Fab. Blepharoptera discolor Lw. Sciomyza albocostata Fall. Tetanocera arcuata Lw. rotundicornis Lw. valida Lw. plebja Lw. Loxocera pleuritica L~n'. Psila bicolor Meig. Trypeta fausta O. S. Palloptera arcuata* Fall. Sapromyza compedita Lw. philadelphica I\facq. Chlorops grata Lw. Borborus equinus Fab. Trineura aterrima Fab. Phora femorata* Meig. " nigriceps Lw. " giraudii* Egger. LEPIDOPTERA. Heterocera. Albuna montana Hy. Edw. Platagrotis imperita Gn. Semiophora elimata Gn. Carneades dissona Moesch. Semiothisa granitata Gn. Epirrita sp. ? Crambus vulgivagellus Zell. Ptycholoma persicana Fitch. Gelechia sp. ? Pterophorid gen. ? sp. ? ARACHNID/E. Araneae. Steatoda marmorata 1 ' lentz. Bathyphantes alpina Em. Crustulina sticta Camb. Linyphia mandibulata /:///. Ceratinella emertoni Camh. Tmeticus montanus E»i. Dismodicus alpinus Bks. mss. Epeira nordmanni Em. " silvatica Em. Lycosa pictilis Em. Pirata insularis Em. " minuta Em. Pardosa albomaculata Em. pallida Em. minima Keys. Dendryphantes sp. ("probably Attus cruciatus Em. [new" Bks.} Acarina. Trombidium sp. ? (immature). Actineda agilis Bks. Bdella cardinalis Bks. Gamasus sp. ? -o- ABERRATION, VARIETY, RACE and FORM. By Dr. RODRIGUES OTTOLENGUI. Some months ago I received a pair of insects which, while closely resembling a well-known species of Bombycid, yet were markedly different in coloring. I showed them to a prominent specialist in this group and he expressed the opinion that they had been artificially produced. Another gentleman thought they represented a good variety; a third thought them aberrations, and finally another prominent entomologist advised nu- to name and describe them as a new species. * " Not before recognized from America," D. VV. Coquillett. 8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [January, I have also .had similar experience with other specimens which I have thought worthy of at least a varietal name, but in every instance I have been advised not to describe my specimens, or name them. Meanwhile I have read of new varieties, and even aberrations described by some of my advisors, and I found it very hard to comprehend the differing positions taken in these instances. In undertaking to write upon the subject, I have adopted a method which has produced good results in another field, my own profession, dentistry. I sent out a query as to the meaning of the terms Variety, Form and Aberration, and the circum- stances under which they should receive special names. I will read the replies. Rev. George D. Hulst says: A variation is the differing of an individual or a few individuals (in a degree not very strongly marked), from the normal or typical form. An aberration is a variation where the differing is very decided, and intergrades are wanting, otherwise known as "sports." A variety is a comparatively broad term as it is ordinarily used —covering race, form, subspecies, and indeed all distinctions below species. Under this a form is one or more of the variations an insect may take in view of seasonal influences, for example Grapta fabricii is a form of G. interrogations ; or a sexual difference as Papilio turnus from P. glaucus. A race is one or more of the variations an insect takes in the same brood, or in all broods in view of climatic conditions, as for example, Triptogon occidentalis I consider a race of T. modesta. There remain the variations which occur in the same insect under the same conditions and the name variety more especially belongs, as for example Papilio walshii is a variety of P. ajax. A species is a distinct variation, permanent, supposed to breed true to itself, — without known intergrades with other species. A subspecies is very nearly like what I call race above, and is where intergrades are known, but are infrequent. Perhaps most would call Triptogon occidentalis a sub-species of T. modesta. A sub-variety would be nearly equal to the word form, as ex- plained above. Of course it must always be recognized no line can be sharply drawn; there is no break in Nature. The breaks I&95-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 9 which we make are artificial and for convenience only, and none hold in all cases. My list would be : Genus. — Species distinguished by a type difference in structure. Sub-genus. — Differing in structure, but less. Species. — Breeding true to self, and not intergrading. Sub-species. — Breeding true to self, and rarely intergrading. Race. — Breeding true, except in intermediate localities. Variety. — Forms distinct, but intergrading, more or less in any locality. Sub-variety. — Forms distinct, or not distinct, but the name ap- plying to a variety comparatively infrequent or not marked. Form. — A seasonal or sexual variation somewhat permanent. Variation. — An individual variation, infrequent and not generally distinct, and not permanent. Aberration. — An individual, sport, or variation, very distinct, without intergrades. Prof. John B. Smith replies: Under the term variety I under- stand a departure from what may be considered the usual form of an insect, which, while it does not breed true to itself yet at the same time occurs frequently enough to bear a reasonable pro- portion to the ordinary form, occurring independently of season or of locality. It is to be understood, also, that there is no reg- ular succession of intermediate forms between this variety and the usual form. Where a range of intermediate forms exists I would not consider the extreme entitled to a name, but I would simply rank them as variations; for instance, we have in Carne- ades infelix a form in which we have the full Noctuid markings present, the colors well marked and contrasting, and this species varies to a form which is entirely black without any trace of markings whatever. Every intermediate stage between the im- maculate and fully marked form is represented, and I do not, therefore, give a name to anything except a species. Under the term form I understand what may be called a sonal variety, as where Summer and Autumn, or Spring and Summer broods offer a different appearance in size, color, pat- tern, etc. This is what is also called a seasonal or a dimorphic form, and these may be named provided it is specified that a seasonal or dimorphic name is intended. An aberration is a sport, and indicates a monstrosity in ><>me TO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [January, directions; either in markings, in color, in suffusion, or in the direction of an Albino. This occurs only at rare intervals with- out any rule either as to season, locality or other permanent cause, and may be due to accident or the result of unusual cir- cumstance occurring at any time during the early life of an insect. An aberration may, under circumstances, become a variety in the course of time if circumstances induce a similar kind of aberra- tion sufficiently often. I have never yet named an aberration, and I do not think I ever will. I have another term about which you do not ask, and that I include under the name Race. Under this term I understand what is practically a geographical variety; that is to say, a form of an insect which breeds true to itself, occurring constantly in one locality and differing in some particulars which are not spe- cific from the same species as it occurs in another locality. We have a good example of Races, as I understand them, in. the genus Satyrus. An aberration I do not name at all, but simply call attention to the fact that such a one exists. A form, where it is sufficiently marked, is always entitled to a name, if a man chooses to apply one. Personally, I cannot remember that I have ever named a form. Varieties are always entitled to a name, although I apply varietal names very sparingly. It is only where ,a marked difference exists, such as would be apt to prevent rec- ognition of its relation to the entire species, that I think a varietal name worth giving, in order to call the attention of the student to the fact that a range of variation exists which will put him on his guard against assuming a departure from the type to mean a new species. As I already indicated any departure from the type which is connected with the type by an unbroken series of inter- grades is not a variety in my opinion, and I refer you again to the example above cited of the Carneades. Your third question it is almost impossible to answer. A specimen being sent me by itself, differing from anything heretofore known to me, would be placed nearest to the species which it most resembled in struc- tural and other characters. If I were to determine it, I would give it that name with a query as to its being a variation or va- riety, and I would allow the matter to rest that way until further material came to hand. An aberration may be impossible of recognition until an examination of a very large number of speci- mens indicated its relationship, or unless some distinctive struc- 1895-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. II tural character should refer it to a known species with certainty. Now I wish to call attention to just one thing: in all the discus- sions on this matter so far as the Lepidoptera are concerned, everything seems to have gone on the question of color and markings; factors which within a limited range are quite constant and worthy of high rank, but which above all other matters are subject to variation and to aberrations. I always examine an insect for structural characters before I determine its rank in any work that I do. I have never yet found, anywhere, two species that are entirely alike in structural characters, and where I find an absolute agreement between two species in all the structural characters I incline to consider them as belonging to the same species, whatever the difference may be in marking or color, until I prove to my own satisfaction that the range of variation in marking departs from what is usual or possible in the genus. I am very much more conservative in the matter of naming va- rieties than many of our Lepidopterists of the present day, and I may be wrong and they right. I cannot see the use of bur- dening our lists with a lot of really unmeaning names, like, for instance, all those names applied by Prof. French to the species of Leptarctia, and I may cite others that are as poorly based. I think, however, you have my views on the subject at sufficient length. (To be continued.) -o- NOTES ON TYPES OF NORTH AMERICAN GEOMETRINA IN EUROPEAN COLLECTIONS.— II. By GEO. D. HULST. (Continued from page 306, vol. v, ENT. Xi-:\vs) A specimen in the Museum has a label in Dr. Packard's hand- writing, Tephrina modestaria Pack. It is the same as T. argil- iacearia Pack. I do not know that it was ever described. Mr. J. Alston Moffat, Curator of the Entomological Soci< t\ of Ontario, who has examined for me the material of tin- PTrlun collection, writes me that Numcria inccptaria YVlk. 1667, is this same species, and in that case Walker's name has prinriu . 1 am much indebted to Mr. Moffat for his determinations, and take this occasion to express my thanks to him. Thamnonoma tripnnctaria Pack, is put by Mi. Warren 12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [January, synonym of Tephrina lorquinaria Gn. ii, 101. The remarks under T. monicaria Gn. above apply here, as Guenee's type is probably lost. I think Mr. Warren's reference is correct. The type of Thamonoma curvata Grt. is in the Museum, and is put as a synonym of Phasiane excztrvata Pack. , which is a syn- onym of Anaitis orillata Wlk. 1740, which is a synonym of As- pilates strigularia Wlk. 1675, and Anaitis continuata Wlk. 1445, the latter being the oldest name; curvata does not have the basal and middle lines coalescent posteriorly, though they are nearly so, and I have specimens where they do become one. Grote's name can stand for this varietal form. Psamatodes eremiata Gn., of which the type is in the Museum, has as synonyms — Tephrina retectata Wlk. 959, Tephrina gra- data Wlk. 968, Tephrina retentata Wlk. 968, and Macaria sub- cinctaria Wlk. 1655. Ellopia plagifasciata Wlk. 1508, is Numeria occiduaria Wlk. 1016. This is not, in my opinion, the same as Numeria pulver- aria Hbn. The type of Fidonia truncataria Wlk. 1034, is much darker than the form usually met with in our collections. It is, however, an arctic form, and among the Geometrina, under arctic condi- tions, there is a tendency to melanism, as well as to hairiness, and a squamose condition of vestiture. Tephrina notataria Wlk. 407, Fidonia discospilata Wlk. 1034, and Larentia fidoniata Wlk., 1183, are the same species, and are also one with Fidonia bicolorata Minot. Azelina aretaria Wlk. 258, is the same as Caripeta subochreata Grt. Caripeta latiorata Wlk. 1525, and Caripeta angustiorata Wlk. 1524, are variations of one species. Mr. Warren does not think C. aretaria to specifically distinct, but I am not yet ready to unite it with the others. The amount of material is yet very small for comparison. Caripeta divisata Wlk. 1525, has as a synonym Cidaria albo- pnnctata Morr. The type of the latter is in the Museum. In the Museum collection Mr. Warren has ranged Drepanodes olyzonaria Wlk. 69, D. bicesaria Wlk. 73, D. ccmearia Wlk. 73, D.ptiberGrt. D. varies G. & R., D. tzquosus G. & R., D. ses- qidlinea G. & R. and D. juniperata Pack., as one species. The type of D. puber is in the collection. D. olyzonaria is like D. cequosus, D. bicesaria and D. temearia are nearly as D. puber 1895-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 13 Grt. I agree with Mr. Warren's reference. D. infensata Gn. i, 68, and D. ephyrata Gn. i, 69, I found are the same species, so the oldest name yet known is D '. infensata Gn. The synonymy of Prochcerodes transvcrsata Dru. I found to be •the same as stated by Dr. Packard, namely, incurvata Gn., goniata Gn., transnmtens Wlk. , contingens Wlk., transposita Wlk. Transmutens and incurvata are dark forms, contingens is yellowish, transfindens is striated and dark spotted. Oxydia vesulia Cram, has distichata Gn. i, 59, and peosinata Gn. i, 59, as synonyms. Mr. Warren joins several other names to vesulia, but having seen the types of Guenee I do not believe them to be conspecific, as Mr. Warren puts them. Tetrads aspilata Gn. i, 141, and T. allediusaria \Ylk. 253, are the same species with T. crocallata Gn. i, 141. T. aspilata has the cross-line of the hind winos obsolete. Mr. Warren has established the genus Ctenotetracis for paral- lelia Pack, and trianguliferata Pack. Eutrapela (Zgrotata Gn. i, 141, is not a synonym of Sabulodes dositheata, as Dr. Butler seemed to think, and on whose authority I united them; Wilson 24, Giard 25, Knaggs 29, Bruner 30, Coquillett 30, Koebele 30, Murtfeldt 30, Osborn 30, Packard 30, Howard 31, Smith 31 (two), Al- drich 31 (two), Marlatt 31, Galloway 31, Webster 31 (two), Southwick 31 Hopkins 31, Davis 31, Cockerell 31. ARACHNIDA. Simon 5*, Wagner 14, Pickard-Cambridge 20, Butler 24. MYRIAPODA. Verhoeff 9. ORTHOPTERA. d'Herculais 7, Kowalevsky 22, Morse 25. NKUROPTERA. Hofmann 4, Perez 7 (two), Osborn 21, Marlatt 31 (in paper on Psylla). HEMIPTERA. Peytoureau 6, Cockerell 8, 25, 28, Leon 9, Osborn 21, Snow 31, Howard 31, Smith 31, Davis 31, Marlatt 31. COLEOPTERA. Allard 2*, Peytoureau 6, Verhoeff 9, Webster 15, Butler 24, Brenske 26, Senna 27*, Chittenden 31. DIPTERA. Arribalzaga 10, Snow 18*, Swainson 20, Townsend 25, Weed, 31 26 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [January, LEPIDOPTERA. Schroder 3, Peytoureau 6, Caspari n (two), Dunning 12, Field & Field 12, Tower 12, Barker 12, Tutt 17, Wellman 18, Dyar 25, Smith 28, Arkle 28, Watson 28, Anon 28, Barrett 29, South wick 31. HYMENOPTERA. Fox i, Xambeu 2, Bordas 9, Webster 15, 31, Ashmead 15*, Forel 16, Marchal 22, Patton 25. Doings of Societies. PHILADELPHIA, Dec. n, 1894. A stated meting of the Feldman Collecting Social was held this even- ing at the re^J.-nce of Mr. H. W. Wenzel, 1509 S. Thirteenth Street. Members present : Messrs. Seeber, Dr. Castle, Johnson, E. Wenzel, Boerner, H. W. Wenzel, Fox and Schmitz. Honorary members : Prof. John B. Smith and Dr. Henry Skinner; visitor, Mr. C. H. Roberts. Meeting called to order at 9.30 P.M., vice-president Seeber presiding. Mr. Roberts read the introduction to his paper on the genus Dineutes, also exhibiting his collection of the same, together with a number of sketches illustrating some of their characteristics, stating that his collec- tion represented all the known species, also containing two new species, nignora.ndhonrii. In concluding this interesting communication he said the paper would be completed for publication very shortly. By request he also explained his method of collecting Elmis. He used for the purpose a piece of cheese cloth about 2x2 feet long, which is spread across the stream, two ends of the cloth being weighted down, then disturbing the bed of the stream a few feet above; this causes the Elmis to cling to the cloth as they are washed down stream. To demonstrate the usefulness of this plan he stated where he had, on one occasion, in agitating a space of about three feet, noticed that they accumulated so rapidly that they began to immediately wash off; he at one gathered up the cloth and began counting them; when his count reached about 700 specimens he tired and quit; this find occupied one and a half hours. Upon being questioned regarding the number of species in a find, he stated they generally repre- sented from three to five. This was followed by a discussion as to the best method for freeing specimens from grease and retaining the color. It was generally conceded that first immersing them in hot water and then in gasoline had been generally found the most satisfactory. Mr. Fox made some remarks, accompanied by black-board sketches, on the genus Crabro, on which he has been working, preparatory to monographing the species. Firstly, Crabro may be divided into two sec- tions or divisions, by the sculpture of the mesopleurae and the presence or absence of a crest or ridge on the epimerum mesopleurahs. In the first section the mesopleurae are simply punctured and their epimerum 1895-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 27 never crested; while in the second section the mesopleurae are always more or less striated, and their epimerum distinctly crested. Ten groups constitute the first section, and are separated on the form of the first ab- dominal segment, position of ocelli, and shape of pygidium. The old genus Rhopalum leads off with the first segment of abdomen petiolate and nodose at apex, followed by several groups, the form of their first segment grading into those groups in which the first segment is sessile with the second. The old genera, Blepharip-us and Thyreopus, end the first section and show their relation to the second section by the presence of a small pointed prominence on the epimerum mesopleuralis at the same point where the crest is situated in the species of the second section. The c? antennae in this section offer excellent characters for separating the various groups, either being simply clavate, non-dentate, or the first four joints of flagellum are strongly dentate tKngath; again the sixth joint of flagellum is deeply emarginate at bas<= ...d in one or two groups is in addition strongly produced at apex beneath. The fore tarsi of the male is frequently flattened and dilated, while in other groups they are of the usual form. A number of the old species will be reduced to the synonymy, inasmuch as the sexes of one species have in several cases been described under different names, but this reduction will be more than equaled by the addition of the new species. No further business being presented the meeting adjourned to the annex for refresh- ments. THEO. H. SCHMITZ, Secretary. Ttie Entomological Section ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. PROCEEDINGS OF MEETINGS. At a business meeting held Dec. 10, 1894, the following officers were elected to serve for the year 1895 : Director, G. H. HORN, M.D. Vice-Director, CHAS. S. WELLES. Recorder, HENRY SKINNER, M.I). Treasurer, EZRA T. CRESSON. Conservator, HENRY SKINNER, M.D. Publication Committee, JAS. H. RIDINGS, C. W. JOHNSON. The following papers were read and accepted by the Committee for publication in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS : Biological Notes on Some Colorado Coleoptera/ By CARL F. BAKER. In the following notes, unless otherwise stated, the locality is to be understood as Fort Collins. * From the fifth circulating report of the Say Memorial Chapter of the A. A. Six- ENT- NEWS, vol. v, p. 18. 28 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [January, Hippodamia convergent Guer. and H. sinuata Muls. — Parasitized indi- viduals of these species were found adhering to leaves of cabbage during the early part of September. A specimen of Euphorus sculptus Cr. emerged from //. sinuata on September 2o,"and from a H. convergent on September 28. Scymnus collaris Mels. (Det. through Riley)— Larvae found among plant lice on Oenothera biennis August 15, produced beetles September 10. Epildchna corrnpta Muls.— The life-history, etc.. of the "Bean Beetle" has been quite fully discussed in Bull. 19 of the Colo. Exp. Station. Lima beans are scarcely touched, and some kinds of string beans are not in- jured nearly as much as others. On August 18, eggs, larvae in all stages, pupas and beetles, were found in great abundance. Hydnocera longicollis Ziegl. (Det. through Riley)— A specimen ap- peared during July in a breeding-cage containing galls of Euura s-ncdus whioh had been collected early in the Spring. Leina trilineata Oliv. — Larvae nearly mature were found in abundance on Physalis virgin ian a June 24. These pupated June 30, the beetles emerging July 25. Sa.ri>ris omogera Lac. (Det. through Riley) — A number of cocoons of this species were found under a stone in the foot-hills west of Fort Collins May 20. They were attached to a little stick and looked like buds on a twig. The beetles emerged from June 8 to June 20. Chrysomela exclamationis Fab. — Larvae common in the involucres of flowers of Helianthus annuus July 24. Began pupating July 27. Beetles emerged September 7. Chrysomela flavomarginata Say.— Eggs were found on the dead stems of Artemisia dracunculoides early in the Spring. May 20 the eggs hatched, the young larvae feeding freely on the Artemisia. Attained imago state in July. Gastroidea dissimilis Say.— Eggs, and larvae in all stages very common on Rumex crispus May 24. First pupae appeared May 30, these giving images ten days later. Lina scripta Fab.— Larvae abundant on young cottonwood sprouts June 29. Beetles began emerging July n. Trirhabda convergens Lee.— Larvae were taken on Bigelovia, June 18, at Dolores, by Prof. Gillette. These produced beetles by July 5. Galernca margiuclla Kirby. (Det. through Riley)— Larvae mining in leaves of Chenopodium June 20. Pupated, giving beetles on July 5 Microrhopala vittata Fab.— A very common beetle in this locality. Larvae mine leave of Solidago. May 10 were copulating and depositing eggs. By July 2 patches of the Solidago looked white and dead. Beetles began emerging July 19. Cassida nigripes Oliv. (Det. through Riley)— Larvae on Convolvulus segpiutn July 2. Pupated July 9, the beetles emerging July 19. From a pupa a Tacliina larva emerged and pupated July 12, the fly appearing July 19. I8Q5-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 29 Bruchus fraterculus Horn. (Det. through Riley) — In 1892 a large pro- portion of the seeds of Glycyn liiza lepidota in many localities were in- fested by these beetles. On June 6 many beetles made their appearance. There also appeared numerous specimens of three parasites : Bracon- xanthostigina Cr., Eurytoma sp., and a Pteronia/id. Mordellistena morula Lee. (Det. through Riley) — Laavte very common during Winter in stems of Iva xanthifolia. Stems gathered April 14 con- tained pupas. Beetles emerged May 9 to June 9, and with them numerous specimens of Creinastus mordellistouc Ashm. mss., and Tetrastichus sp. Anthohoiuits clongatus Lee. (Det. through Riley) — Bred from a very curious polythalamous twig gall on Bigelovia, collected at Dolores, June 19 by Prof. Gillette. Beetles appeared July 19. Probably inquilinous in the galls. A large number of parasites of four species were also obtained. Anthonomus scutellaris Lee. — Reared in considerable numbers from wild plums, the beetles emerging September 3. Anthononius squamosns Lee. — Larvae common in heads of Grindelia squarrosa during last of September, beetles emerging during first of Oct. The parasitica mentioned in the above notes were determined by Mr. Ashmead. o A NEW PH/EGOPTERA FROM MEXICO. By W. SCHAUS. Phaegoptera masoni sp. nov. — Antenna? black. Head, collar and thorax orange; a black spot anteriorly on the patagiae. Abdomen orange; un- derneath with a lateral and some transverse black bands. Primaries above orange ; at the base a large, light gray space, crossed by black veins and containing on the costal margin an orange spot edged with black; a broad, median gray band bordered on either side with black and crossed by black veins; at the end of the cell a broad gray spot extending to the costal margin, and also edged and streaked with black; the outer margin very broadly yellowish, with the veins black. Underneath yellow, with all the markings black instead of gray, and a submarginal black shade. Secondaries above and below orange-yellow. Exp. 70 mm. Hab. — Jalapa, Mexico. In the collection of Mr. J. T. Mason, after whom I name this fine species. o A NEW TACHINID WITH REMARKABLE ANTENN/E. By S. W. WILLISTON, M.D. Some years ago* I described, under the name J\ilaroccni (which Brauer and Bergenstamm persist in calling Talacroci * Entom. Amer. vol. Hi, p. 151. 30 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [January, a genus of South American Tachinidae with remarkably developed antennae in the male. Very recently I have received from Prof. Aldrich, who is so favorably known for his excellent work in Diptera, a number of speci- mens belonging to another genus of the same family, the males of which have antennae quite as remarkable as those . Dichocera lyrata Will. Male antennae from in front. Dichocera lyrata— Head of male. of Talarocera. 1895.] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 31 I can find no reference to such a structure as is described and figured herewith, and am constrained to regard the specimens as representatives of a new and peculiar genus. Its nearest ally among the described forms seems to be Nemorcea, from which, however, the female will be at once distinguished by the much elongated row of frontal bristles and the peculiarly light colored antennae. It is difficult to describe the structure of the male an- tennae in brief language, and I will therefore refer the reader to the figures here given, which have been carefully made. The first two joints are very short, while the third is extraordinarily elongated and split near the base into two nearly equal divisions, the inner one of which is straight and dilated at its tip into a boot-like extremity. The outer branch arises from in front of the base, and is curved outward and then inward, the slightly everted extremity resting upon the toe of the boot. Altogether, the«figure shown in front view is not unlike that of a lyre. The arista is attached to the inner branch near its origin, and is very distinctly jointed. The light yellow color of the antennae adds to their peculiar appearance. What the function of such a remarkably developed sexual peculiarity is I cannot conjecture. It is in this family, as a whole, that we find the most highly specialized antennae, and frequently the male antennae are different from those of the female. In a few instances I have observed the males when at rest alternately raising and depressing the antennae with a see-sawing motion. Aside from the antennae, the structural characters of this fly are as follows: Dichocera gen. nov. o Hulst — North American Geometrina in ; Cockerel! — Descriptions of new Hy- European collections 40 menoptera 60 Editorial 45 i THOMAS SAY.-II. By Prof. F. M. WEBSTER, Wooster, Ohio. In 1824, Mr. Robert Owen purchased the lands belonging to the Harmonists, a communistic religious association that 1 ad migrated from Butler County, Pennsylvania, in 1815, and under the leadership of George Rapp, founded the village of New Harmony, and were known as Harmonists or Rappites. The village was already established when Messrs. Owen and Mach re, accompanied by Thomas Say, moved there too in 1825. The resident buildings that had been erected by Rapp and his fol- lowers have many of them ceased to exist, in 1889, only two being recognizable by their quaint, German architecture, one ot them, very fortunately, being the one occupied by Say and his wife Lucy, before they moved into the Maclure house, in which Say died. The building is shown as it appeared a few \<-,u- .1^0, but since that time it too has been remodeled and re-built, and is not now recognizable. The engraving, however, shows it as when occupied by Say, except that it had once been reshingled. Our knowledge of the daily life of Mr. and Mrs. Say is e.\t\ ingly fragmentary, the oldest inhabitants now only remembering 34 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, them as middle-aged people, when they were themselves very young. How long they occupied this house I have been unable to learn; quite likely until the health of the naturalist made a removal either more convenient or necessary, and it is probable that within its walls much of the work in preparing his third volume of American Entomology was accomplished, as well as much of his work on American Conchology, six numbers of which were printed at New Harmony prior to his death. In habits he appeared to have here carried his abstinence to excess, and allowed himself only so much and no .better food than nature absolutely demanded to sustain life, while taxing himself with labors entirely out of proportion to his state of health and the nature and quantity of his food. Besides his work in the two branches of Natural History, Entomology and Conchology, he was the resident agent of the whole property of the settlement, and as before always ready to give his time and energy to aid such as chose to ask him for his services. Entomologists will here find the causes for his overlooking several species of insects, or at least not mentioning them, though they must have occurred abundantly at the time of his residence in New Harmony, and within a few miles thereof. People now living, who knew him in those days remember him as a mild, unassuming, lovable man, whom to meet was to respect, for his name was synonymous with honor, and his word always the expression of truth. His wife is remembered as a very amiable lady, scrupulously neat in all that pertained to herself or her household, though somewhat given to complaining. -o- ABERRATION, VARIETY, RACE and FORM. By Dr. RODRIGUES OTTOLENGUI. (Continued from page n, vol. vi, ENT. NEWS.) Prof. A. R. Grote writes : The exact limits between "Varie- ties," "Forms," "Aberrations," have not been absolutely de- nned. These terms, together with " Dimorphic forms," "Spe- cies Darwinians," have been employed to designate more or less constant or extensive variation from the type. "Race" and " Form" seem used in the same sense, and are terms applied to variations dependent on locality, the whole species as there oc- curring, showing some departure from the type. Variation in color or marking when occurring among the typical examples is 1895.] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 35 variety, and varieties should receive a Latin name. For instance, Agrotis wilsoni occurs in a typical olive-gray variety, and in a red variety (var. specialis). It does not matter that intermediary examples exist. The terms must be employed in order to desig- nate properly the variety. It is the property of varieties that they intergrade, of species that they do not pass into one another. So with Agrotis tessellata. Prof. Lintner once showed me a box full of tessellata. A certain proportion were my variety atropur- pnrea. These could be at once picked out and the varietal name is vindicated by the fact. The detection of varieties worthy of the name, is a matter of the tact and experience of the lepidop- terist. Cases of small and individual variation should not receive a name. If one is given it should be relegated into the synonymy. An aberration is an occasional strong divergence, and to re- ceive a name must at least be a remarkable one. The limit be- tween aberration and variety is not clear. Some entomologists only recognize as valid varieties such as they have themselves named. The varieties of other authors they consider synonyms. Staudinger's catalogue attempts a classification of variation. The whole subject of variation is now engaging the attention of lepidopterists in England, and the works there being pub- lished by Mr. J. W. Tutt should be attentively studied by Amer- ican lepidopterists. The subject is one not finally or fully under- stood, hence what you have to say will possess a great interest. I may say, in conclusion, that only by breeding from the egg will the true iorms appear, and thus the matter may be decided whether a debatable form is a species or a variety. Mr. Dyar says: I understood by a variety an example of a species differing from the normal form. In the special sense it is a group of individuals like each other, but of less than specified rank. The variety may (a) intergrade with the normal form, or (b} it may not. In the latter case it is either an aberration, di- morphic form, or a local race. An aberration is a variety that occurs in a single instance or very rarely. I understood " form" to be a general term covering " variety," but not necessarily less than specified rank. I would always name a dimorphic form or a local race. The practice of naming intergrading varieties can so easily be carried to extremes that I do not like to advise it. As to aberration when distinct and of quite different appearance 36 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, from the normal form a name may be desirable, but on the whole I do not like the practice. I would never name a "form" as such. If possible decide whether it is a (i) species, (2) dimor- phic form, (3) race, (4) intergrading variety, or (5) aberration; (named in the order of importance). From a simple specimen it would be impossible to tell to what rank to assign it, except by analogy with other species in the genus. If it comes from a lo- cality where the normal form was known it could not be a race; the exact location could only be determined by breeding. Mr. B. Neumoegen replies as follows: This is in reply to queries about variety, form, and aberration. The true sequence should be — ist, what you call form; 2d, aberration; 3d, variety or va- riation. There is no such thing to my knowledge as "form;" you probably mean " race" by it. In our (Neumoegen and Dyar) preliminary revision of the Bombyces of N. A. (Journal of N. Y. Entomological Society ) we say " Local forms breeding true to type, but differing in no great extent from the ground form are classed as races, whether con- nected by intergradihg forms in the intermediate territory or not. Since the difference between the local race, or local species may be a matter of degree only." The forms are placed according to our present judgment, and may be differently classed by other authors. We recognize seasonal, dimorphic forms, in a few in- stances. All the varieties, referred to by us, are supposed to inhabit the same territory as the typical form, and not to breed true to type. We have not considered aberrations as distinct from varieties. This will give you the key to the question, and I therefore answer, — First comes the ground form, or the typical insect. Second the race, being a local form, differing in no great ex- tent from the ground form. Third the aberration, totally varying in appearance from the ground form, but not denying the main typical characters, and to be found only in single or very few specimens at any time or place. Fourth, the variety, which is not breeding true to type and varies in appearance, but which remains true in this appearance in any number or quantity of insects, and shows conclusively that varieties are the precursors of coming species. They are I&95-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 37 the faithful agents of evolution and the future student who may take up the difficult task, by aid of fossils, of trying to explore the original species may be able to find out how many varieties have formed into good species, in the course of centuries. Dr. Henry Skinner writes thus: Your questions are great puz- zles, and have been agitating the scientific mind for years, and volumes have been written on the subject, and yet nothing defi- nite or fixed has been accomplished. I doubt whether absolute definitions can be given for the terms you mention as the- whole thing is one of individual opinion. Of course you. do not expect me to write a treatise on the subject, and I will give you my ideas in a very brief way. The three terms are gradational, and represent individuals, more or less removed from the specific form. The greatest de_- viation in structure is a monstrosity. The next farthest removed is an aberration, the next a form and the least removed a variety. I would define an aberration as a well-marked deviation, occurring at rare intervals such as Vanessa antiopa lintneri. I think the word form should be limited to well-marked deviations which are either sexual, seasonal or geographical; as illustrations of the sexual class I would cite Papilio glaucus, and the white forms of Colias. Of the seasonal the forms of Papilio ajax; of the geographical, the female insular forms of Papilios found in the East India islands, etc. Under the head of varieties I would put the least deviations or those not comprised in the first two classes. In regard to the other question I think it would be best not to name varieties when there is no question as to what the species is. Prof. Packard replies: A variety is usually regarded as an in- cipient species not yet fixed, but varieties are of different value in different groups and species. The word form, is a general one, to denote a species or variety, or even a genus. An aber- ration is an abnormal specimen not generally subject to heredity ; it is a sport. I should not give a name to either of these it' I could possibly help it, but a name may be given to a variety if it is a local or climatic one, such as appear year after year in one place. Under such circumstances it is well to give a name, ,\ local one. But one should try to keep synonyms down, n»t multiply scientific names, as they are a grievous burden to science. 38 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, Many are repelled from the study on account of the burdensome nomenclature. One would have to use his judgment in deciding what is a new variety, form or aberration. A beginner or an amateur should not publish new names without using great care, or feeling sure he is correct. Skill in detecting varieties, etc. , comes with expe- rience, and the best of all make mistakes. I think careful, con- servative views should prevail, and I hope you will inculcate these virtues in young students; and I think it much better for them to give their time to studying the habits, structure and transfor- mation of insects than to collecting and describing supposed new species. ^ H< # -% % %<. % Thus we find that quite a diversity of opinion exists among well known students, and I can scarcely hope that my own views will be convincing, though it would be very good if some definite meaning could be assigned to what, after all, would strike the beginner as being elementary terms. In looking over the above letters the point that seems most worthy of discussion is that relating to intergrades. Dr. Hulst describes Variety thus: " Forms distinct, but inter- grading more or less in any locality." Prof. Smith says that a variety does not breed true, but occurs in reasonable proportion independently of season or locality. Then he continues: " It is to be understood also that there is no regular succession of intermediate forms between this variety and the usual form. Where a range of intermediate forms exists I would not consider the extreme entitled to a name." (To be continued.) o Relationship of Pyralidae and Pterophoridae from the Larvae. By HARRISON G. DYAR. In connection with the controversy on these groups, started by Mr. Tutt, I would like to present to the readers of the NEWS an outline of a system of classification based on the larvae. This will be presented more fully elsewhere, but in this place its bear- ing on the relationships of the Pyralidse and Pterophoridae may be of interest. Accepting Prof. J. H. Comstock's division of the Lepidoptera I8Q5-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 39 into the suborders Jugatae and Frenatae, I would divide the latter into six superfamilies on the arrangement of the tubercles of the larvae In response to a tendency for these tubercles to be ar- ranged in a single transverse row, tubercles iv and v have become consolidated into one in the first three superfamilies, and later tubercles i and ii have been likewise united, or else tubercle ii disappears. In the three highest families the tubercles have tended to form two alternating rows. According to these char- acters the superfamilies separate as follows : Tubercles iv and v approximate or consolidated. Tubercles i and ii remote ........ MICROLEI-IDOPTEKA. Tubercles i and ii consolidated ........ ANTH ROGER INA. Tubercles i and ii remote, ii disappearing at the first moult. BOMBVCINA. Tubercles iv and v remote. Tubercle iv behind the spiracle, v below it ...... NOCHI.NA. Tubercle iv below, v in front of spiracle ...... SPHINI.I.NA. Tubercles iv and v in line, except in some Nymphalidae, where secon- dary armor is developed ......... RHOPALOCKKA. The MICROLEPIDOPTERA include the Psychidae, Cossidae, Py- ralidae, Tortricidae, Sesiidae, Tineidae and Lacosomicht-; the Ax- THROCERINA the Pterophoridae, Anthroceridae, Pyromorphidae, Megalopygidae and Eucleridae; the BOMBYCINA the Citheroniida , Hemileucidae,* Saturniidae* and Bombycidae; the NOCTUINA the Notodontidae, Thyatiridae, Geometridae, Drepanidae, Agaristidae, Noctuidae, Cymbidae, Lithosiidae, Pericopidae, Arctiicke, Euchro- miidae and Lymantriidae, and perhaps also the Thyridae, Diop- tidae, Brephidae and Lasiocampidaet ; the SPHINGINA the Sphin- gidae, and the RHOPALOCERA the families usually associated under that term. Thus, from the larval characters which I use, the Pyralithi- and Pterophoridae are placed in two separate, but closely allied super- families'. I see no reason forgiving the families the superfamily ending as has been done recently. I regret that I have not seen the larva of Orneodes, so I cannot throw any light on the posi- tion of the family it represents. However, if Dr. Hulst had read carefully Dr. Chapman's really good articles (to which Mr. Tutt refers) I think he would appreciate better the force of the a : Xot in the sense used by Prof. Smith. My classification corresponds more nearly with that of Grote's Check List 1882. t These I have not examined sufficiently. The Lasiocampi
of the same species, the American popnlata, called by Pn>l. 44 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, Lintner packardata. The variations are very wide, but are all shown in the set of populata in the British Museum. Cidaria explanata Wlk. 1422, and C. cunigerata Wlk. 1726, are, I think, the same species. In C. explanata the central band is nearly unbroken. (To be continued.) THE typographer-beetle, Bostrichus typographies, is so called on ac- count of a fancied resemblance between the paths it erodes and letters. This insect bores into the fir and feeds upon the -soft inner bark; and in such vast numbers that 80,000 are sometimes found in a single tree. The ravages of this insect have long been known in Germany under the name of Wurm troekniss — decay caused by worms; and in the old liturgies of that country the animal itself is formally mentioned under its common appellation, 77?,? Turk. About the year 1665, this pest was particularly prevalent and caused incalculable mischief. In the beginning of the last century it again showed itself in the Hartz forests; it reappeared in 1757, redoubled its injuries in 1769, and arrived at its height in 1783, when the number of trees destroyed by it in the above-mentioned forests alone was calculated at a million and a half, and the whole number of insects at work at once 120,000,000,000. The inhabitants were threatened with a total suspension of the working of their mines for want of fuel. At this period these Bostrichi, when arrived at their perfect state, migrated in swarms like bees into Suabia and Franconia. At length, a succession of cold and moist seasons, between 1784 and 1789, very sensibly diminished the numbers of this scourge. In 1790 it again appeared, however, and so late as 1796 there was great reason to fear for the few fir trees that were left. — Coivari' 's Curious Facts. MANY species of Buprestidae are decorated with highly brilliant metallic tints, like polished gold upon an emerald ground, or azure upon a ground of gold; and their elytra, or wing coverings, are employed by the ladies of China, and also of England, for the purpose of embroidering their dresses. The Chinese have also attempted imitations of these insects in bronze, in which they succeed so well that the copy may be sometimes mistaken for the reality. In Ceylon and throughout India, the golden \\ing-cases of two of this tribe, the Sternocera chrysis and .S". sternicornis, are used to enrich the embroidery of the Indian zenana, while the lustrous joints of the legs are strung on silken threads, and form neck-laces and bracelets of singular brilliancy. The Bupreslis alternata, ocellata and 1'ittata are also wrought into various devices and trinkets by the Indians. The B. vittata is much admired among them. This insect is found in great abundance in China and thence exported into India, where it is dis- tributed at a low price. — Coivan' s Curious Facts. 1 895.] 45 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Published monthly (except July and August), in charge of the joint publication committees of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, and the American Entomological Society. It will contain not less than 300 pages per annum. It will main- tain no free list whatever, but will leave no measure untried to make it a necessity to every student of insect life, so that its very moderate annual subscription may be considered well spent. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION $1.00, IN ADVANCE. Outside of the United States and Canada $1.2O. gig" All remittances should be addressed to E. T. Cresson, Treasurer, P. O. Box 248, Philadelphia, Pa.; all other communications to the Editors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, Academy of Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. PHILADELPHIA, PA., FEBRUARY, 1895. A MONUMENT TO THOMAS SAY. THE interesting articles on Thomas Say now appearing in the NKWS recall the fact that the " Father of American Entomology" has been dead sixty-one years. Much progress has been made in the study during that time, and doubtless Say would be much astonished if he could return to this sphere and see the advancement of the study. Some time ago .Mr. Philip Laurent suggested that it would be a very grateful act for the en- tomologists of America to erect a monument in memory of Thomas Say. We have mentioned this subject before in the NEWS and recalled the fact that the ornithologists of America have erected a monument to Audnl>on in Central Park, New York. Philadelphia, the birth-place of Say, would be the proper place for such a monument, and it is to be hoped that some day this may be accomplished. It would not be a difficult matter to start a Say monument fund in each of the entomological societies of the coun- try and thus collect the necessary amount. If such a thing were done it would show how much love and pride entomologists have in the study, and it would also show the world at large that there is an important study known as entomology, and that it has many enthusiastic devotees. Two PRACTICAL HINTS. — We notice two notes of interest in the " I'n tomologist's Record and Journal of Variation" for Aug. 15, 1894. Mr. F. J. Buckell writes that flies always pester him "to infuriation," and that he has found that a liberal sprinkling of Eucalyptus oil on his coat coll.u and face keeps them away. Rev. C. R. N. Burrows, of Raiuham, finds that the use of methylated spirit instead of rum for mixing with sugar when sugaring for insects, greatly increases the attractiveness of tin- mixture. 46 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. Edited by Prof. JOHN B. SMITH, Sc. D., New Brunswick, N. J. " Insect Lime." — More properly this should be "insect glue," because the German word is " leim;" but the term " lime" has somehow or other come into quite general use, and will probably be continued. " Raupen- leim" is a product of Germany, of a jelly-like consistency, very dark brown in color, with a flavor of carbolic acid in the smell, and is supposed to retain its sticky qualities when exposed to the air, rain, etc., fora period of from two to three months or more. It is used principally to trap in- sects that crawl up and down the trunks of trees, and its usefulness for that purpose has been demonstrated. It replaces effectually all those devices like tin collars or troughs used for trapping canker worms, and all bands of cotton, paper, or other material wherever they have been recommended. In our own country this material has not been used to any extent except in Massachusetts by the Gipsy Moth Commission, who have found it useful within limits in their work against the Gipsy moth. It is probable that after a time this substance, or some substitute for it, will come into more general use in this country, and if some little modifi- cation can be made in it which renders it somewhat more fluid, so that it can be put on with a brush like thick paint, its field will probably be a large one. One of the most difficult classes of insects to deal with are borers, whatever the order to which they may belong. It is rarely that we are able to reach the insects themselves in their burrows, and usually we can only protect our trees by covering them with some substance that is either repellant or forms a mechanical coating. In repellants I have no faith whatever, unless the odor is absolutely poisonous, and then the effect is not due to the odor, but to the poisonous action. Mechanical coatings have been used with more or less success; but they have rarely been complete enough to answer every purpose, and have in most cases labored under the disadvantage of not being persistent in character and requiring renewal at short intervals. Lime in some form has been very largely used, and where the coating was properly kept up with very good success. At the base of trees, like peach trees for instance, newspapers and other similar coverings have been used, and in some orchards I have seen wire mosquito netting used to protect the trunks of the trees from the insects. In this case the object was to keep the adults from getting at the trunk, so that they could not lay their eggs. In the other case there was nothing to prevent the laying of eggs; but the lime, which is often poisoned, would form a sufficient barrier against the very young larvae; yet all these substances have not been quite satisfactory. The thing that is required or needed, is a substance that is easy of application, that can be put on so as to form an absolutely impenetrable coating, that will re- tain its properties for at least a month, and that will not be injurious to 1 895.] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 47 the tree. An additional advantage that it should possess, is cheapness. Now, "insect lime" possess some of those advantages, and may perhaps be modified, so that it may possess all of them. It lias been proved by use in Germany to be absolutely harmless to plants, and I am informed tli at the trunk of a moderately large growing tree may be entirely coated witli this substance without in any way endangering the tree itself. The outer bark in large trees possesses no functions necessary for the con- tinued growtli or development of the tree, and covering witli any viscid substance which is not poisonous would not injuriously influence its growtli. The line of insects against which such an application could be used is large; for instance, all peach trees could be protected against the attacks of the borer. It would not only prevent the moth from laying its eggs, but if she alighted on the trunk covered by this "lime" the chances are that she would be caught and remain sticking to it. Apple trees could be protected against the Saperda in much the same way. Pear trees could be protected against the attacks of Scolytus, and of course other trees as well where they are subject to the attacks of these insects. A coating put on early in the Spring before the leaves start would absolutely prevent the emergence of any insects in the bark on the trunk, would prevent the hatching of any eggs, and would prevent all insects lying dormant in the crevices from making their way out. This would be an especially useful thing in the case of the Pear Psylla for instance, that hibernates in the crevices of the bark on the trunks of pear trees, and if the application was made early enough to inclose the insects and prevent them from coming out injury for the balance of the season need not be feared. In fact, the number of uses to which a substance of this kind could be put is very great, and the suggestion is made here in order to induce entomologists, as well as farmers and horticulturists, to test this substance during the ensuing season. The American agents for the "in- sect lime" are Wm. Menzel.& Son, 64 Broad St., New York City, N. V. Notes and. ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE. [ The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS solicit, and will thankfully receive items of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author's name will be given in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] To Contributors.— All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfei- ence, as to make it necessary to put " copy1' into the hands of the printer, for each number, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or im- portant matter for certain issue. Twenty-five "extras" without change in form will be given free when they are wanted, and this should be so stated on the MS. along with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.— ED. DURING my weekly vacation this year I went to Cumberland, th<- northern part of the State, and got about one hundred specimens, mostly 48 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, Lepidoptera. In luring I did not catch much, except Catocake, the smallest Noctuidae did not seem to be represented at all. I think the electric lights have diminished insects to a great extent; before we had them round us I could find Cecropia cocoons in my yard, and for the past year or two I have not found them nearer than a mile and a half of the city limits. The Anisota senatoria used to be very destructive to shrub oaks round here, but this year I could not find but one or two trees that had been eaten by them. In walking to my place of business 1 always look under the electric lights, but very seldom find anything worth picking up. — EDWARD D. KEITH, Providence, R. I. TARDINESS OF IMAGINES from first brood reared north and emergence of second brood of pupae in Autumn. Of a lot of Smerinthtis geminatus- bred from ova, Aug. 3, 1894, which transformed within four weeks, a large number imagines appeared, fully eighty per cent., between September 1 8th and agth. Of a number of collected larvae of Paonias my ops, second brood also, which pupated last week of August, several of the perfect insects emerged during latter half of September. Usually, these are ex- ceptions to the general rule. Stranger behavior occurred among Cerato- tnia catalpa-. Larvae collected south, raised here, which pupated between June 12 and 19, 1894, with the exception of two or three imagines, refused to come out. An equal number of larvae bred from the very same lot of first brood down south, which pupated same time, and were shipped north, almost the entire number emerged before July 2oth. Perhaps a four-days' travel in the mail-bag, during a heated term, hastened matters. Dr. R. E. KUNZE. Do INSECTS PLAY?— Under the title " The habit of amusement in the lower animals," Mr. James Weir, Jr., in "The American Naturalist1' for October last, brings together a number of observations which he con- siders as bearing upon the thesis that certain of the lower animals play. The insect instances advanced are: first, the dancing in swarms of certain midgets. He does not consider these swarms as mating swarms, since on numerous occasions and at different seasons of the year, he has exam- ined dozens and found them all to be unimpregnated females; he never discovered a male among them. Further, he refers to the observations of certain naturalists upon ants, showing that when these insects assemble upon the surface of their nests, they sometimes behave in a way which can only be explained as a simulation of festival sports or other games. He has also observed a flea play what he considered to be a practical joke upon an individual of the same species, and he has also seen certain female Coccinellids indulge in "true psychical amusement." There is room for additional observations in this interesting field, but it is one in which the observer is very apt to jump to unjustified conclusions. ON ANT STINGS. — Mr. Herbert H. Smith, in an interesting letter re- cently received, writes as follows concerning the stings of S. American ants: 1895-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 49 "Among the worst of stinging insects are ants; the large J'oticra* for Monopfra'.'} sting worse than a hornet. My wife was once stung by a dozen or so. She had fever in consequence and'was kept awake for a whole night. The Mundurucu Indians of the river Tapajos have a uniqur test which, as is well attested, young men endure before they take a wife. They fill basket-work bags with the Ponera ants and thrust their arms in them to the shoulder. Sometimes with the bags tied on their arms tl.<-y dance through the village. After the test the man throws himself in a stream, remaining there for hours, but this does not prevent fever. The foraging ants (Eciton) sting painfully and attack everything in their uay. The little •" fire-ants" (Myrmica}, to my knowledge, have sometimes de- populated villages; for instance, the village of Aveyros on the Tapajos, now re-peopled. This village, which I saw, was one vast nest of the ants. A single sting is insignificant, but when a thousand ants attack you at once, the matter becomes formidable. The taixi tree of the Ama/on takes its name from a little ant always found on it, which, for its size (about one-fourth inch long), is the most terrible insect I know of; the sting is like a red hot needle. I do not know the genus." Identification of Insects Umagos) for Subscribers. Specimens will be named under the following conditions : ist, The number ol spi-iies to be limited to twenty-five for each sending ; 2d, The sender to pay all expenses of trans- portation and the insects to become the property of the American Entomological Society ; 3d, Each specimen must have a number attached so that the identification may be an- nounced accordingly. Exotic species named only by special arrangement with the Editor, who should be consulted before specimens are sent. Send a 2 cent stamp with all insects for return of names. Before sending insects for identification, read page 41, Vol. III. Address all packages to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, Academy Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. Entomological Literature. 1. LA NATURALEZA, ii, 5. Mexico, 1893. [Received Dec. 17, 1894.] — A new species of Lecanium from Mexico, T. D. A. Cockerell. 2. THE ANNALS AND MAC.A/INK OF NATURAL HISTORY. London, December, 1894. — The dates of Moore's " Lepidoptera Indica," C'. 1 >. Sherborrt. 3. THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNKAN SOCIETY OF XK\V Sonn WALES (2), viii, 4. Sydney, June 5, 1894.— A second note on the Can-n- ides, with descriptions of new species, T. G. Sloane. Note on tin- o< currence of Iccrya (?gyf>tiacn»i Dotigl. in New South \Yak-s, \V. \V. Froggatt — ix, i, Sept. 4, 1894. On the nests and habits of Australian Vespidasand Lanid.r, \V. \V. Froggatt. On the life-histories of Australian Coleoptera — ii, id. Note on the discovery of a destructive Floridian Coccid (Icerya rosce Riley and Howard) near Sydney, W. \V. Froggait. 4. SlTZUNGSBERICHTE DEK KAIS. AKADEM1E DKR WlSSI NSi II \ I 1 I \ Math.-Naturwiss. Classe. cii, 10, Abt. i, Vienna, December, 1893. [K<- 50 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, ceived Dec. 17, 1894 ] — Monograph of the digging wasps allied to Nysson and Bembe.r, A. Handlirsch, 7 pis. — ciii, 1-3, Abt. i, January-March, 1894. The copulatory feet of the Polydesmidse, C. Attems, 4 pis.; ciii, 1-4, Abt. iii, January-April, 1894. Researches on the physiology of facetted eyes,- A. Ktesel, figs., i pi. 5. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEBRASKA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, iv, pp. 16-22. [Lincoln], 1894. — A list of Nebraska butterflies, H. G. Barber. 6. ATTI DEL R. INSTITUTO VENETO DI SCIENZE, LETTERE ED ARTI, li, 7. Venice, June 18, 1893. [Received Dec. 17, 1894.] — Description of and proposals for combatting Diaspis pentagona Targ. Tozz., G. Cane- strini, P. A. Saccardo and A. Keller. 7. THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, 1894, pt. iv, December, 1894. — A monograph of British Braconidae, pt. v, Rev. T. A. Marshall, 2 pis. Catalogue of the Pterophoridse, Tortricidse and Tineidae of the Madeira Islands, with notes and descriptions of new species, Rt. Hon. Lord Walsingham. Palaearctic Nemourae, K. J. Morton, 2 pis. Supplementary notes on the Scolytidse of Japan, with a list of species, W. F. H. Blandford. Some remarks on the antennae of insects, C. O. Waterhouse. 8. LE NATURALISTS. Paris, Dec. i, 1894. — The nymph of Batocera rubits, L. Planet. 9. ANNALES DE LA SOCIKTE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE FRANCE, Ixii, i. Paris, July 31, 1893. [This and other parts received Dec. 18. 1894.] — Re- vision of the species of the genus Phlceophthorus Woll. and description of a new genus of Scolytidae, F. Guillebeau. Note on some ants of the Galapagos Islands, C. Emery, fig. Remarks on Bembex, P. Marchal. Note on the production of sounds by ants and on the organs which pro- duce them, C. Janet. Note on larvae of Dermatobia from Brazil, Dr. R. Blanchard. — 2. Oct. 25, 1893. European and circum-Mediterranean Scyd- maenidae, J. Croissandeau, 2 pis. (cont. in 46 Tri.) Descriptions of new species and genera of the order Araneae, E. Simon (cont. in 36 Tri.). Biological observation on Timarcha generosa, P. Lesne. Note on the organ called spatula sternalis and on the Malpighian tubes of Cecidomyia, A. Giard, figs., [and farther in the volume], Dr. A. Laboulbene. Com- parative study of the development of the egg in the viviparous and ovi- parous fleas, Dr. Y. Lemoine. A method of destroying hornets, Dr. F. Heim. Attempts at the destruction of Cossus ligniperda, id. Habits and metamorphoses of Molytes coronatus, J. Fallou. Contributions to the natural history of the larvae of Buprestidse — the first larva of Jnlodis onopordi F., J. K. d'Herculais, figs. Contributions to the study of para- sitic Diptera, Dr. R. Blanchard, figs. Note on some types of Diptera of the family Bibionidae, C. Brongniart. On a Coleopterous larva vomited liy an infant in Senegal, Dr. R. Blanchard, figs. — 3. Dec. 30, 1893 (see E. Simon above). Biological observations on the Crabronidae, P. Marchal, i pi. Observations on the galls produced on Salix babylonica by 1895-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 51 ftia/us salicis, followed by some reflections on the importance of phe- nomena of cecidiogenesis for biology in general, Dr. F. Heim. On the pigmented organ (embryonic testicle) of the caterpillar of Ephestia kueh- niella, }. Danysz. Some remarkable Hemiptera, A. Giard. A Dipter parasitic on Myriapods of the genus Lithobius, A. Giard. Copulation of Clytus tropicits, F. Decaux. Habits and metamorphoses of Lyda stellata ^ Cryptohypnus riparins, Capt. Xambeu. tossil Syrphidae of the Tertiary amber, F. Meunier. — 4. April 30, 1894 (see Croissandeau above). Note on the fossil Thysanura of the genus Machilis and description of a ncu species, H. Gadeau de Kerville, fig. Apparatus for rearing and observing ants and other small animals which live concealed and require a humid atmosphere, C. Janet. Change of instinct in Megachile centiincularis, A. Giard. 10. REVUE BIOLOGIOUE DU NORD DE LA FRANCE, vii, 2. Lille, No- vember, 1894. — Remarks on the organization and comparative anatomy of the last segments of the body of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Hem- iptera, A. Peytoureau, figs., 7 pis. 11. BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE DES SCIENCES HISTORIQUES ET NATU- RELLES DE SEMUR (2), j, 1894, — The " nonne" (Psilura monacha}, de- scription, habits and metamorphoses, invasions, etc., M. deGail. 12. JAHRESBERICHT DER NATURFORSCHENDEN GESELLSCHAFT GRAU- BUNDENS (N. F.), xxxvii. Chur, 1894. — On the actual origin of formic acid in honey, Dr. A. von Planta. 13. BIBLIOTHECA ZooLOGiCA, heft iS. Stuttgart, E. Niigele. — Com- parative physiological and anatomical researches on the senses of smell and taste and their organs, with introductory considerations from general comparative physiology- of sense, Dr. \V. A. Nagel, 7 pis. 14. ANNALES DE LA SOCIETE D' AGRICULTURE, SCIENCES ET INDUS- TRIE DE LYON (7), i, 1894. — Relations between the peculiarities of the cocoons of Bonibyx inori, ]. Rauhn. 15. LEPIDOPTERA INDICA by F. Moore. Pt. xix. London: L. Reeve & Co., 1894 [Received Dec. 24, 1894.]— Contains pp. 161-176 of vol. ii, pis. 139-146 (Elymniinse, Amathusiinae). 16. NATURE. London, Nov. 29, 1894. — Indo-Malayun spiders, R. I. Pucock. [Review of T. and M. E. Workman's " Malaysian spiders," Bel- fast, 1894, pts. 1-3.] — December 6. Origin of classes among the " parasol" ants, H, Spencer. — December 13. Indo-Malayan spiders, B. A. Muirhead. The warble fly, W. F. Kirby, figs. [Review of Miss E. A. Ormero.rs " ( )bservations on Warble Fly or Ox Bot Fly," London, 1894]. 17. BIOLOGIA CENTKAU-AMERICANA. Pt. cxviii. London. October, 1894.— Coleoptera : vol. ii, pt. i, pp. 441-464, pi. xiv, 1 >. Sharp [ Adi- merida?, Colydiidce] ; vol. iii, pt. i, pp. 257-264, G. C. Champion I Ma- teridae] ; vol. vii, pi. xi, H. S. Gorham [Coccinellidoe]. Lepidoptna- Rhopalocera: vol. ii, pp. 361-376, pi. Ixxxii, F. D. Godinan ,S: O. Salvin 52 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, [Hesperidse]. Rhynchota-Homoptera, vol. ii, .pp. 25-56, pi. ii, \V. \V. Fowler. 18. COMPTE-RENDU. SOCIETE PHILOMATHIQUE DE PARIS. Dec. 8, 1894. — Salivary glands of the Apinae (Apis mellifica -f and $ ), M. Bordas. 19. ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER. Leipsic, Dec. 17, 1894. — On the life- history of Chermes abietis L. and C. strobilobius Kalt., N. Cholodkowsky. 20. BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, vi, art. xviii. New York, December, 1894. — On North American moths, with the description of a new species of Tnpocris, W. Beutenmuller. 21. ATTI DELLA SOCIETA VENETO TRENTINA DI SCIENZE NATURALI (2), ii, i. Padua. Dated 1895, received Jan. i, 1895. — Embryology of the Acari, F. Supino, 3 pis. 22. KONGLIGA SVENSKA VETENSKAPS-AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR (II. s.), xxv, 2. Stockholm, 1893-94. — On the classification and distribution of the palcearctic Collembola, H. Schott, 7 pis. — xxiv, 1891. Scandinavian Neuroptera-Trichoptera, H. D. J. Wallengren. BIHANG of the same, xviii, iv, 8, 1893. On the cortical innervation and capillaries of Lepidop- terous larvae, E. Holmgren, i pi. [all received Dec. 26, 1894.] 23. CATALOGUS HYMENOPTERORUM hucusque descriptorum systemat- icus et synonymicus Auctore, Dr. C. G. de Dalla Torre. Vol. ix: Vespitke (Diploptera), Lipsise. Sumptibus Guilelmi Engelmann, MDCCCXCIY. 181 pp. 24. SOCIETAS ENTOMOLOGICA. Zurich-Hottingen, Dec. i, 15, 1894.— Lepidopterological notes from America, H. Ficke. Ctiorhynchus ova fits L. in North America, H. J. Wickham (= H. F. Wickham !). Carpocapsa saltitans from Mexico, M. R[uhl]. 25. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATURAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION OF STATKN ISLAND, iv, 12. New Brighton, Dec. 8, 1894. — Two additions to the local list of dragonflies, W. T. Davis. 26. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. London, Out., December, 1894. — Some Psychodidae from Long Island, N. Y., N. Banks. A new Peri- copid and some new Zygaemdae from Cuba, B. Neumoegen. Some little- known species of Oeueis. H. J. Elwes. The Coleoptera of Canada — vi, H. F. Wickham, figs. A new Attid from Jamaica, T. D. A. Cockerell. Entomological notes, C. H. Fernald. List of the dragonflies of Coriinna, Mich., D. S. Kellicott. Notes on Alypia inariposa, }. B. Lembert. Notes on Quebec Coleoptera, A. W. Hanham. On the geographical dis- tribution of some common scale insects, L. O. Howard. Sfiiphy/iniis cczsareus Cederh. and S. erythropterus L. in Canada, W. H. Harrington. —January, 1895. The genera in the Noctuida?, A. R. Grote. The Amer- ican species of Perineura, A. D. Macgillivray. Coleoptera of Lake Worth, Florida, Mrs. A. T. Slosson. Genitalic classification, Rev. G. D. Hulst. Notes on Carama and other Megalopygidae, H. G. Dyar. On a new scale insect found on plum, T. D. A. Cockerell. Preliminary studies in Siphonaptera, C. P. Baker. 1895-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 53 27. PSYCHE. Cambridge, Mass., January, 1895. — On the Rhopalo- meridse, S. W. Williston. A Psyllid leaf-gall on Celtis, probably Pa- chyfysylla celtidis-pnbescens Riley, C. H. T. Townsend. Phthiria sul- phured Loe\v, T. D. A. Cockerell. Life-history of Clisiocampafragilis Stretch., H. G. Dyar. Uncertainty of the duration of any stage in the life-history of moths, C. G. Soule. 28. THE ENTOMOLOGIST'S RECORD. London, Dec. 15, 1894. — The life-history of a Lepidopterous insect, etc., chap, iii: Parthenogenesis or Agamogenesis, J. \Y. Tutt. 29. THE CECKOPIAN. Milton, Mass., December, 1894. — Entomological contrivances, S. N. Dunning, \V. L. W. Field, M. L. Earner.— January, 1895. A list of the Lepidoptera-Heterocera of Bridgewater and Brock- ton, Mass., W. L. Tower. 30. AMERICAN SPIDERS AND THEIR SPINNINGWORK. — A Natural His- tory of the Orbweaving Spiders of the United States with special regard to their industry and habits. By Henry C. McCook, D.D. Vol. iii. With descriptions of orbweaving species and plates (dated Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, A. I). 1893, on the title page, but the preface bears date of July 3, 1894, while the volume was received by the Academy Dec. 17, 1894). With this third volume Dr. McCook completes this book on the American spiders, of which the first volume appeared in 1889, the second in 1890. The work, the author tells us, has engaged his thoughts for more than twenty years, and he naturally expresses his pro- found satisfaction on having completed it. The NEWS takes great pleas- ure in congratulating him on this happy termination of his labors. The third volume comprises 406 pages and thirty plates. Of the text, 131 pages and 98 figures therein treat of general habits, biological miscellany and anatomical nomenclature, while the remainder is occupied by de- scriptions of genera and species. The plates contain both plain and col- ored illustrations of this latter part of the text. 31. GARDEN AND FOREST. New York, Jan. 2, 1895. The chestnut weevil, R. A. S., Ed. [C. S. Sargent] . 32. TRAVAUX DE LA SOCIETE DES NATUKAI.ISTHS DEST.-PETERSBOURG. Section de Zoologie et de Physiologic, xxiv, 2, 1894. — The embryonic development of l.vodes ca/caratiix Bin, J. Wagner, 4 pis. 33. BULLETIN DE L'ACADEMIE IMPERIALS DES SCIENCES DE ST.-PK- TKKSBOURG. (N. S. ivi, xxxvi, i-ii, December, 1893.— Synoptic revision of the Meloidce of the genus Cte>iof>ns Fisch., A. Semenoff. — 12-22. March, 1894. Experimental studies on the lymphatic glands of inverte- brates, A. Kowalevsky. [Both received Jan. 7, 1895]. 34. SCIENCE. New series, vol. i, No. i. New York, Jan. 4, 1895.- The need of a change of base in the study of North American ( >rtlu iptera, S. H. Scudder. 35- MlTTHEILUNGEN AUS DEM NATURWISSENSCHAFTLICHEN VEKKIN FI-R NKC-YORPO.MMERN UNO RUGEN IN GKEITSWALU, xx\. Berlin, i 54 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, — On new'and little-known Neuroptera of the family Megaloptera Burm., Dr. A. Gerstaecker. 36. THE BRITISH NATURALIST. London, Dec. 15, 1894. — Some curious aquatic larvae, G. Swainson, i pi. A catalogue of Irish Coleoptera, Rev. W. F. Johnson. Synonymic list of the genera of the British Araneida, Rev. F. O. Pickard-Cambridge. 37. FEUILLE DBS JEUNES NATURALISTES. Paris, Jan. i, 1895. — Re- sistance of Zygaenids to cyanide of potassium. A dipterous parasite of Orthoptera, C. Marchal. Libellulae and ants, P. Zurclier. 38. ANATOMISCHER ANZEIGER. Jena, Dec. 19, 1894 — Spermatogene- sis of Caloptenus femiir-ntbnini, E. Y. Wilcox. 39. ZOOLOGISCHE JAHRBUCHER, viii, 2. Jena, Dec. TO, 1894. — On the structure and development of the endosternite of the Arachnida, W. Schimkevvitsch, 2 pis. 40. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILA- DELPHIA, 1894, pp. 419-420. — A supplementary note to Mr. Johnson's list of Jamaican Diptera, T. D. A. Corkerell. 41. MEMOIRES DE LA SOCIETE ZOOLOGIQUE DE FRANCE, 1894, pp. 375- 392. — Observations and experiments on the means of protection of Abraxas grossnlariata L., F. Plateau, figs. 42. LEITFADEN FUR DAS STUDIUM DER INSEKTEN und Entomologische Unterrichtstafeln. Von Dr. G. Rorig. Berlin, R. Friedlander & Son, 1894, 43 pp., Spls. 43. TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT of the Entomological Society of Ontario. Toronto, 1894. — Insects collected in Bermuda during the Winter of 1894, G. Geddes. Common names for butterflies — shall we have them?, H. H. Lyman. The butterflies of the eastern provinces of Canada, Rev. C. J. S. Bethune, figs. The pitcher plant moth (Exyra Rolandiana Grt), J. Fletcher. Catastega aceriella Clemens, Seinasia signatana Clemens, Rev. T. W. Fyles. Notes on a few Canadian Coleoptera, YV. H. Har- rington, fig. Food, feeders and fed, Rev. T. W. Fyles, figs. An attack of Ephestia interpunctella, H. A. Stevenson. The economic value of parasitism, F. M. Webster, figs. A re-appearance of Pieris protodicc Boisd., J. A. Moffat. Remarks on the structure of the undeveloped wings of the Satunriidoi, id. Bordeaux mixture as a deterrent against flea bee- tles, L. R. Jones. The gypsy moth (Ocneria rtY.v/wL.), J. Fletcher, figs. The San Jose (Aspidiotus pcrniciosus Comstock), id., figs. Injurious fruit insects of the year 1894, id., figs. (Some of the papers read at the sixth annual meeting of the Association of Economic Entomologists, already recorded in the NEWS, are here reprinted). 44. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTI >N, iii, 2, Jan. 8, 1895. —Additions to the lists of North American termitophi- lous and myrmecophilous Coleoptera, E. A. Schwarz. Neuration of the wings of the Tenthredinidae, C. L. Marlatt, figs. Notes upon Belostmna. 1 895.] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 55 and Benacits, C. V. Riley, tigs. The eggs of Ceresa bnba/its Fab. and those of C. iaiirimi Fitch, id., figs. On the habits of some Longicorns, F. H. Chittenden. Note on the mouth parts of Stctio[>cltiuitn*, L. O. Howard. Note on the discovery of a new Scolytid, with brief description of the species, A. D. Hopkins. Notes on food habits of Corthylus punc- tatissimus, id. Annual address of the President — Longevity in inseit-, with some unpublished facts concerning Cicada septendcciui, C. Y. Rik-y. 45. BERLINER ENTOMOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT, xxxviii, 3-4, January, 1894. — Monographic contributions to the beetle-fauna of Central America, A. F. Nonfried. Contributions to the classification of the Muscidre, E. Girschner, figs. On some pakearctic Chilopoda, C. Yerhoeff, figs. The history of the so-called breast-bone of the Cecidomyias with a recollec- tion of Carl Ernst von Baer, C. R. Osten Sacken. Two critical remarks about the recently published third part of the Muscaria schizometopa of MM. Brauer and Bergenstamm; also a notice on Robineau-Desvoidy, id. — xxxix, i. May, 1894. The extra-European Sciaras of the Konigl. Museum fiir Naturkunde in Berlin, E. H. Rubsaamen, figs., 3 pis. < >n the atavic index-characters with some remarks about the classification of the Diptera, C. R. Osten Sacken. Dipterological studies— i. Scatoirnvid.c, T. Becker, 6 pis. — xxxix, 2. July, 1894. On Australian Zoocecidse and their producers, E. H. Rubsaamen, 7 pis. Synonymica about Tipulid.r, C. R. Osten Sacken. — xxxix, 3. October, 1894. The ants of Rio Grande do Sul, Dr. H. von Jhering, rigs., i pi. [All the above numbers of this Zeitschrift received Jan. 10, 1895!]. 46. THE NATURALISTS' JOURNAL. London, January, 1895. — Pupa hunting, H. G. Knaggs. Abraxas grossulariata and its varieties, S. L. Mosley, figs. Furniture beetles, id., figs. Some underground beetles. Rev. T. Wood. 47. THE ENTOMOLOGIST. London, January, 1895.— The pigments of the Pieridte : a contribution to the study of excretory substances which function in ornament, F. G. Hopkins. 48. THE ENTOMOLOGIST'S MONTHLY MAGA/.INE, January, 1895.- Catistic potash as an entomological detergent, W. F. H. Blandford. Re- laxing insects without aqueous vapor, H. G. Knaggs. Bates, and its systematic position, C. J. Gahan. 49. KRITISCHES VERZEICHNISS der Myrmecophilen u. Termitoplul.-n Arthropoden * * * von E. Wasmann S. J. Berlin, Felix L. Dames, 1894. Under this title Dr. Wasmann, the greatest living writer «>n the subi has given an annotated catalogue of all the known species of Arthropods which he considers as properly coming under the head of myrmeo .pi and termitophiles, after eliminating the element of accidental or simply occasional visitors which have made a respectable percentage of IIH-M foregoing lists. After a short introduction treating of the general subject and its proper study, the author gives a table of the number of species in the various 56 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, groups of Arthropods mentioned in the body of the work. From this table we learn that the entire number of myrmecophilous insects recorded from the globe, and including several which, while not actually known to have this habit, are placed here on account of structural peculiarities which indicate as much, reaches 1177. Of these 993 are Coleoptera, the best represented families counting up as follows : Staphylinidae, 263; Paussidae, 169; Histeridae, 128; Pselaphidae, 113; Clavigeridae, 89. Thirty families of beetles are mentioned as more or less certainly myrmecophi- lous, and several of them contain from 15 to 40 species, each of which live with ants. The Strepsiptera, which American writers have usually treated as Coleoptera, furnish one species taken from the hind-body on a Ceylonese ant. The Hymenoptera furnish 38 myrmecophiles, of which 22 are ants, and 14 belong to the parasitic families Bracomdce, Chalcididae and Proctotru- pidae. The Lepidoptera have 26 members here, the Diptera 18, the Or- thoptera 7, the Pseudoneuroptera i, the Rhynchota 72, the Thysanura 20. Myriapoda are considered doubtfully included, or more likely simply ac- cidental or inimical visitors. There are 26 spiders and 34 Acarina. The Crustacea (Isopoda) have 9 representatives. The termitophiles are much less numerous, reaching the number of 105, divided thus : Coleoptera, 87 (of which 5 are Carabidae, 59 Staphyl- inidae, 5 Pselaphidte, i Silphid, i Lathridiid, 7 Histeridae, 6 Scarabaeidas, the Curculionidae and Chrysomelidae being doubtful), Hymenoptera 6, Lepidoptera 2, Diptera 2 (doubtful), Orthoptera doubtful, Pseudoneurop- tera 4, Rhynchota 3, Thysanura i. The Arachnoidea have four species. After this tabulated statement comes a bibliography of the subject num- bering over 500 titles of greater or less importance, interspersed with critical notes on their value. Next follows the catalogue proper, a list of species classified first into families which are then divided into myrme- cophilous or termitophilous species. In each case a reference or note shows whence the information is derived, and where other attention is needed it is given. A supplement of 19 pages contains descriptions of new species, among them a number of North American forms. The whole is well indexed and forms a work which will forever reflect credit on its author and must form an essential part of the library of the student of this fascinating branch of Entomology. — H. F. WICKHAM. INDEX TO THE PRECEDING LITERATURE. The number after each author's name in this index refers to the journal, as numbered in the preceding literature, in which that author's paper was published ; * denotes that the paper in question contains descriptions of new North American forms. THE GENERAL SUBJECT. Kiesel 4, Waterhouse '/, Nagel 13, Kowalevsky 33, Rorig 42, Gecldes 43, Fyles 43, Webster 43, Fletcher 43, Riley 44, Blandford 48, Knaggs 48, \Vasmann 49*. 1895-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 57 ARACHNIDA. Simony*, Pocock 16, Muirhead 16, Supino 21, Cockerell 26*, McCook 30, Wagner 32, Pickard-Cambridge 36, Schimkewitsch 39. MYRIAPODA. Attems 4, Giard 9, Yerhoeff 45. THYSANURA. Gadeau de Kerville 9, Schott 22. ORTHOPTERA. Scudder 34, Marchal 37, Wrlcox 38, Howard 44. NEUROPTERA. Morton 7, Wallengren 22, Davis 25, Kellicott 26, Gerstaecker 35*, Swainson 36, Zurcher, 37. HEMIPTERA. Cockerell i*, 26", Froggatt 3 (two), Canestrini, Saccardo and Keller 6, Giard 9, Peytoureau 10, Fowler 17*, Dalla Torre 23, Howard 26, Towns- end 27, Cholodkowsky 19, Fletcher 43, Riley 44 (three). COLEOPTERA. Sloane 3, Froggatt 3, Blandford 7, Planet 8, Guillebeau 9, Lesne 9, Fallou 9, Croissandean 9, d'Herculais 9, Blancliard 9, Decaux 9, Xambeu 9, Peytoureau 10, Sharp 17*, Champion 17"-", Gorham 17, \Yickham 24,26, Hanham 26, Harrington 26. 43, R. A. S. 31, C. S. Sargent 31, SemenofF 33, Johnson 36, Slosson 26, Jones 43, Schwarz 44, Chittenden 44, Hopkins 4\"' (two), Nonfriecl 45 , Mosley 46, Wood 46, Gahan 48. DIPTERA. Blanchard 9 (two), Giard 9 itwo), Laboulbene 9, Lemoine 9, Brongniart 9, Meunier 9, Kirby 16, Banks 26*, Williston 27*, Cockerell 27, Marchal 37, Cockerell 40, Baker 26, Girschner 45, Osten Sacken 45 (four), Riib- saamen 45, Becker 45. LEPIDOPTERA. Sherborn 2, Barber 5, Walsingham 7, Heim 9, 1 )anys/ 9, Peytoureau 10, de Gail u, Raulin 14, Moore 15, Godman & Salvin 17", Beutenmiiller 2o'::~, Holmgren 22, Ficke 24, Ruhl 24, Neumoegen 26*, Elwes 26, Fernald 26, Lembert 26, Grote 26, Dyar 26, 27, Soule 27, Tutt 28, Tower 29, Hulst 26, Plateau 41, Lyman 43, Bethune 43, Fletcher 43 (two), Fyles 43, Ste- venson 43, Moffat 43 (two), Knaggs 46, Mosley 46, Hopkins 47. HYMENOPTERA. Froggatt 3, Handlirsch 4*, Marshall 7, Emery 9, Heim 9 (two), Marchal •9 (two), Janet 9 (two), Giard 9, von Planta 12, Spencer 16, Bordas i\ Dalla Torre 23, Zurcher 37, Macgillivray 26", Marlatt 44, Riibsanmen 45, Jhering 45. 58 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, Doings of Societies. PHILADELPHIA, Jan. 8, 1895. A stated meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social was held at the residence of Mr. H. W. Wenzel, 1509 S. Thirteenth Street. Members present: Messrs. Laurent, Haimbach, Boerner, Seeber, Hoyer, E. Wenzel^ Trescher, Fox. Dr. Castle, Johnson, H. W. Wenzel and Schmitz. Hon- orary member: Dr. Henry Skinner. Meeting called to order at 8.50 P.M. President Laurent presiding. The annual reports of the Secretary and Treasurer were read and approved, following which the President, Mr. Philip Laurent, delivered the annual address, reviewing the history of the Social since its organization, and, upon motion of Dr. Skinner, seconded by Mr. Fox, the same was ordered to be incorporated in the minutes. THE PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. The Past, Present and Future of the Feldman Collecting Social. —Look- ing backwards some six or seven years I see before me a number of gen- tlemen gathered together in the entomological den of our host, Mr. Henry Wenzel. What are they here for ? What are they doing? What could have induced these men with comfortable homes to venture out such a night as this ? They have met to form an entomological club, or more strictly speaking a social. They are discussing rules and laws to govern the same, and the selection of a suitable name by which the club shall be known. What brought them together? love of companionship and the advancement of their entomological studies, nothing more, nothing k-ss. No doubt all those present this evening, who took part in the first meet- ing had their doubts as to the success of the venture, doubts which have vanished long before this. At the time the Social was formed some thought it rather strange that another entomological society should be formed in a city wherein there was already such a society in existence whose reputation for its collections, library and labor in the field of ento- mology was known throughout the world. The fact was, that many of those attending the meetings of the American Entomological Society, many of whom were members of the said society, did not find the social feature represented there to any great extent, and it is perhaps well that it should be so, otherwise in time the social feature might eventually rule the meetings, which would certainly bring about a deplorable state of affairs. The fact is, the rooms of the American Entomological Society are for work, while the rooms of the Feldman Collecting Social are tor social intercourse and pleasure, at least this is the case on the second Tuesday of each month, while it is true that during the rest of the month considerable entomological work is done, especially by our host, Mr. Wenzel. One year after the organization of the Social there was found to be no decrease in the membership, in fact there never has been any. During the second year two of the members resigned from the Social, but their 1895-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 59 places were immediately filled by some of those waiting for an opening. The membership has since grown, so has the interest in the Social, and I might add the interest in entomology, for no doubt social intercourse among entomologists helps to stimulate to greater effort in unraveling entomological problems. We are now about seven years old, and the present time finds no abate- ment of the interest in the Social's affairs; several new members have been recently added, and at the present rate of increase it will soon be necessary to hang out the sign — "standing room only." Another feature of the present time is, that the minutes of our meeting are thought of sufficient importance to warrant the editors of the ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS publishing them in their journal under the head of " Doings of Societies' Up to the present, good health, so essential to hard work in the field, has been enjoyed by the majority of the members; our collections have in- creased wonderfully and many rare species have been added. But, as to the future, who can tell ? As far as indications go, the outlook could not be brighter. Prosperity has been ours since the Social started; what is to hinder its continuing? Our treasury is somewhat different from that <>i the U. S. it is true, ours being full, while its is comparatively empty. Various trips have been mapped out for the coming season, in anticipation of which we are looking into the future with much pleasure. That the Social may prosper in every way and have a long and profitable life is the wish of your retiring President, Philip Laurent. Mr. Boerner exhibited two boxes of Coleoptera, being his re-arranged collection of water beetles. He stated that out of 108 species represented, 82 were found in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Mr. Seeber exhibited a number of cocoons taken from the trunk of a palm which were evidently made by the larvae of a weevil, as a dead imago was found in one of them. He received them from Mr. Louis Schneider, of Philadelphia. 1 >r. Skinner stated that there appeared some uncertainty among entomolo- gists in reference to the manner of marking the data on mounted sp< ' i- mens. Some mark the month first and some the day. He therefi in- suggested, as a remedy, to first mark the month in Roman numerals followed by the day of the month in Arabic. On the invitation of Dr. Skinner, it was moved by Mr. II . \V. \\Vnxel that the next meeting be held at the Doctor's residence, Tuesday, Feb- ruary 1 2th, and the Secretary be instructed to notify the members of the place of meeting several days previous. The election of officers for the ensuing year resulted as follows, by a unanimous vote : President. — Mr. JAMES II. BLAND. Vice- r>-c side >it. —\) be one of our common species. Acidalia tremularia Wlk. 1614, is a A. pannaria Gn. i, 470. Acidalia quadrannulata Wlk. 1595, is Ephyra pendulinaria Gn. i, 414. Macaria impropriata Wlk. 888, is a synonym of Paraphia subatomaria Haw. as are also Macaria fidoniaria Wtk. sup. 1654, M. exsuperata Wlk. 1655, Paraphia mammuraria Gn. i, 273, P. deplanaria Gn. i, 272, and P. nubecularia Gn. i, 272. Ennomos httaria Wlk. sup. 1552, is E. magnaria Gn. i, 174. Metanippe furcifascia Wlk. 1294, is a synonym of Cidaria hastata, var. gothicata Gn., as is also hecate Butler from Japan. It is the form with unicolorous black hind wings. (To be continued.) o HIGH MOUNTAIN MOTHS. By DAVID BRUCE, Brockport, N. Y. I had stayed at a ranch in Park County, Colorado, for a few days every time I visited the State. The house was pleasantly situated on the south side of a long picturesque canon, which ended at about 13,000 feet elevation in a broad gulch, over- looked by some of the highest peaks of the front range. The dwelling itself was exactly 10,000 feet above sea-level; the sloping hill sides were well covered with pines, poplars, willows 74 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, and various shrubs. Several rapid creeks, fed by the melting snows, tossed and tumbled noisily over their rocky beds, their banks being bright with wild flowers and grasses; occasionally the canon would expand into wide boggy meadows (called " Broads," by the ranchmen, as the contracted spaces, hardly wide enough for a wagon-road, were also locally termed " Nar- rows"); a few hundred head of cattle roamed around, but were not in sufficient numbers to destroy the herbage, as is too often the case in the western mountains. Butterflies were abundant everywhere, and whether I rambled lower down the valley or climbed above timber to die higher levels I seldom returned without being well pleased with my captures, if the weather was fine, as the mornings always were; a few day-flying moths would occasionally present themselves — Platarctia hyperborea one clay clumsily tumbled round a low willow close to the house and was quickly transferred to my cyanide bottle, a few examples of Arctia cervinata Strecker and Antarctia brucei Hy. Edw. occurred among the rocks; in the open spaces in the forests a small He- maris was not uncommon at the blue flowers of Mertensia, on which plant the gray larvae of Gnophesla vermiculata was feeding, Nemeophila plantaginis and Alypia lorquinii were frequent, the latter to be always found where Epilobium grew. In August the larvae were very abundant on this plant ; very rarely, indeed, Lepisesia flavofasciata was seen at blossom of Ribcs; this larvae I also found in July on Epilobium. Above timber, at the very edge of the melting snow-banks, the flowers were alive with four or five species of Plusia and a few Oncocnemis and Melicleptrias, the last apparently sleeping in the blossoms by night, as I fre- quently found them in a half torpid state in the early mornings inside the petals. On the mountain sides and highest peaks a few species of Anarta and Agrotiphila were lively in the sunshine, and occasionally a Geometrid would start from the rocks or be dislodged from the bushes, but as a rule the Heterocera were sparingly represented, not more than two or three dozen species being found in three Summers. I tried sugaring without the slightest success. On two or three occasions I saw a moth buz- zing round the lamps in the house, but it was always subgoUiica or auxiliaris. As the motto and practice of every person at the ranch was " early to bed and early to rise," and I was generally well tired out when I got home, and after supper I had my cap- 1895-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 75 tures and correspondence to attend to, I tumbled into bed nightly quite satisfied that I had thoroughly ransacked and exhausted the lepidopterological store of the vicinity. An accident, however, opened my eyes, and I came to a quite different conclusion. One fine day at the end of July I met with a serious mishap that kept me indoors for two weeks with a couple of fractured ribs and sundry painful cuts and bruises. For the first three days the pain entirely kept me from thinking about insects; but I noticed a few moths at my bed-room window attracted by the lamplight. When I was able to move about, my kind landlord furnished me with a couple of large lamps, one of which I set at the window and fixed the other on a box at the open front door, I sitting on a chair just inside the house with net, bottle and box in readiness. As soon as it was dusk, Mames- tra olivacea and several other small species new to me, came in plenty; as it grew darker larger species came. At last, with a bump against the lamp, Agrotis ingeniculata introduced itself to science for the first time. This large and handsome species was quite common for a few nights. I give below a list of my cap- tures in ten nights. I always quit at eleven o'clock, as by that time at this high elevation the air began to get very cold and sometimes quite frosty. Those marked with an asterisk were common. I give the Bombycids and Noctuidae only. Lithosia bicolor Arsilonche albovenosa cephalica* .^fcrolonchc spinea Eitprepia caja var. utahcnsis Acronycta three sp. (undetermined) Arctia parthenice Rhynchagrotis rufipectus Parorgyia leucophea* ran'ata* Ichthyura bifiria Pachnobia littoralisV; Centra albicoma Agrotis ypsiloir var. cineroides* ingeniculataP Gluphisia sp. ?"" Peridrotna sancia* Datana perspicna Xnctna baja* Ualisdota macula fa Itaruspica* Ot'ifcmaxia sa/icis* haviln- Heterocampa grisea Iiihrica/is* Tolypc rclleda Chorizagrotis an. ri liar is Gastropaclia wild< '/' ag rrslis ffypopta hcnrii i Feltia subgollih a:; Hcpialus McGlashani Panthea gigantca Raphiafrater var. coloradense* 76 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, Porosagrotis satiens rileyana* orthogonia* dceda/iis'"' Carneades r ecu I a* quadridentata* oblong astigma* riding siana* flavidens* JJavicollis1-'- brocket velleripcnnis gagates messoria* brumeigera in ii >ii s* basiflava* tessellata* albipcnnis obeliscoides Mamestra junciuiaciila1-' crotchii* liquid a rosea invalida trifolii* cristifera noverca olivacea* fuscolutea* Scotogramma iiicoiiciiuia Ulolonche fasciata orbiculata Xylophasia suffusca niorna alticola lignicolor semiliinata* Iladena lencoscelis fractilinea Hillia senescens algens Pseudanarta flavidens* Perigea albolabes* Homohadena Oncocnemis davi Diyobota stigmata Hydrcecia juvenilis cataphracta serrata Leucania bicolorata* pal/ens patricia p/i ragmatidicola Ufais plica fits Caradrina miranda* Amphipyra glabclla Orthodes cynica* Himella contrahens* Ttzniocampa tri fascia carminata Pyrrliia umbra Orthosia enroa* helva Scoliopteryx libatrix Litholomia nap(ca Xyliua georgii carbonaria* Xylomiges dolosa pcrlubens* Calocampa In ncci Cleophana antipoda Ingnra declinata Deva purpurigera PJusia ceroides putnami biloba brassiccea* angulidens epigoea snowi Caloplusia hochenworthi dcvergens Stibadiiim spiiiiiosnin* r/a^iomiiii ic/is e.vpa/lidus Schinia a/bifascia Acontia angustipennis* candefacta* aprica elegantula Homoptera sp. ? linbolina ininia 1895-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 77 ABERRATION, VARIETY, RACE and FORM. By Dr. RODRIGUES OTTOLENGUI. (Continued from page 38, vol. vi, ENT. NEWS.) Prof. Grote writes: "Variation in color or marking when oc- curring among typical examples is variety, and varieties should receive a Latin name. For example, Agrotis wilsonii occurs in a typical olive-gray variety, and in a red variety (specialty) . It does not matter that intermediary examples exist. The terms must be employed to designate properly the variety. It is the property of varieties that they intergrade, of species that they do not pass into one another." Mr. Dyar says: " The variety may intergrade with the normal form, or it may not. In the latter case it is either an aberration, dimorphic form, or local race. * * * I would always name a dimorphic form or a local race." (I would interrupt myself here to query, under which of these heads Mr. Dyar places the occa- sional yellow form of Arctia virgo, to which he recently gave the name ) He continues: " The practice of naming intergrading varieties can so easily be carried to an extreme that I do not like to advise it." Mr. Neumoegen quotes from Neumoegen and Dyar's Revision of the Bombyces, and recognizes local races, " whether connected by intergrading in the intermediate territory or not." Let us consider the meaning of intergrading. I believe that all of us accept the theory of evolution. Then let us imagine as a starting point a " fixed form" as representing a species. It is hardly conceivable that even in the earliest stages Nature ever fashioned two individuals in an identical mould. Even the slightest diversity would have produced what I shall call Individuality. In time these " individualities" would neces- sarily grow more marked and definite, and the breeding of the more similar individuals with each other, would in time evolve from a fixed form, a variable one. This variableness in like man- ner would increase in the course of years, until at last the species would be represented by individuals of quite diversified appear- ance, instead of as originally by creatures superficially similar. When the species was fixed it would be easy to choose one or more specimens to serve as a type. But when the variable pe- 78 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, riod had arrived, only a long series of specimens could be truly typical of the species. The next step in this evolution would be the arrival of a form which began to occur in relatively large numbers, and when the time arrived when this new form was represented in reasonable proportion, to the greater number of individuals which still resembled the original type, we would have what I would consider a good variety. This variety would be connected with the ground type by intergrades, but the differ- ence between it and the intergrading forms would be, that it would be more constant than any other selected individual, and reason- ably constant as compared with the original type. Evolution might go further, or it might not. If it went on we would get other varieties, with intergrading forms between each. The spe- cies would be represented, let us say, by a ground form, the type, and suppose we stop at three varieties with intergrades between. Normally, the varieties would be more fixed and more numerous as they more closely resembled the type. But any variety would be less rare than the intergrades. On the other hand if evolution stopped with one variety, the next step would be the gradual disappearance of the intergrading forms, which of course would also occur in time regardless of the number of varieties thrown off. The first individual appearance of one of these extreme forms being at the moment the most distant from the type, but the forerunner of others similar to it, and thus the precursor of a variety, is what I understand by Aberration. With this idea of the meaning of intergrades we find that Intergrades are of three classes. First, the fixed species has become variable, and all the indi- viduals differ essentially from all others. Possibly there may be a rare and extreme form, the "aberration." Second, there may exist one or more distinct forms called va- rieties, with intergrading forms between the varieties, and be- tween the type and the variety most similar to it. But given a thousand insects it should be possible to separate the varieties into groups; when it would be seen that in a given lot, under a given name, the individuals would resemble one another as much as the typical specimens would in similar numbers. The inter- grades, however, would not do this. Third, there may exist one or more varieties, each as fixed as the type, but with no intergrades, except where the varieties may 1895-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 79 be considered as intergrades between the type and the variety which is farthest removed from the type. Now, to continue this story of evolution, the time may arrive when the variety begins to breed true to itself. It increases in numbers to such an extent that the individuals mate amone o themselves, and in time produce others of their kind. It is pos- sible that this occurs gradationally. At first the offspring of the variety would throw back to the type in the majority of cases, but by continued selection of mates of their own kind the variety would increase in numbers until at last it produced only of its own kind. This brings us a new race, and is commonly sup- posed to inhabit a locality different from the home of the type. That there should be intergrades in intermediate territory is but an argument in favor of the theory of evolution; for environment must play as great a part in the departure from the original type, as does the accentuation of individuality. But it has been truly said that species breed true to themselves and varieties do not. Then why is this a local race, and not a new species, for we allow of course that Nature by evolution is aiming at new species? The local race is distinguishable from a new species only by breeding. The imago being the perfect insect, evolutionary changes show there first, and by breeding true in a local race, we mean merely the reproduction of similar images, the eggs and larvae would remain typical. When the eggs arid larvae also were different a new species would have been evolved. My idea of classification then would be thus : Species. — Individuals markedly similar, though great variable- ness might exist. Breeding true in all periods of transformation. Race. — Local variety, markedly different from the specific type, breeding true in the imaginal period. Variety. — A departure from type of species, occurring in suffi- cient numbers to indicate a permanency of the form; not breed- ing true. Intergrades may or may not exist. When they do, the evolution of the variety is not yet complete. Their absence marks the permanency of the varietal form, and the disappear- ance of the connecting link'. Aberration is the extremes! departure from specific type, with or without intergrades, or with or without intermediate varieties. In the first instance it announces a new variety, and in the second that the evolution of varieties is not yet complete. 8o ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, Form is a word which might be made to apply to such occa- sional, but constant departures from type as are well recognized under the terms — dimorphic or seasonal forms, and sexual forms. A monstrosity is not to be confounded with an aberration. The aberration is a normal creature, while the monstrosity is ab- normal in some structural feature. It may be in the form of the body, in a commingling of sexual appearances (without neces- sarily being hermaphroditic), or any alteration which would pro- duce a symmetry. I have seen two monstrosities worthy of mention. One a male, Papilio turnus, with one primary marked like (rlaucus. Another was a Cecropia, on the primaries of which was a departure from symmetrical marking, the two, however, being unlike. Hermaphrodites and hybrids need no description beyond mention. On the question of the propriety of giving names I would ad- vocate the naming of all well-defined species, varieties, races and perhaps aberrations and forms. o THOMAS SAY.— III. By Prof. F. M. WEBSTER, Wooster, Ohio. In the Winter of 1825-26 there descended the Ohio River from Pittsburg a craft somewhat resembling a western flat boat. The passengers on this primitive vessel were, many of them, noted in the scientific and literary world, among them being Thomas Say, who, with Messrs. Owen, Maclure and others, were making their way to the new home of the recently organized confrater- nity. This craft landed its passengers at Mt. Vernon, Ind., from whence they were conveyed overland to their destination. From that day to the present the cargo of that primitive craft has been known as "the Boat Load of Knowledge," and one of the per- sons composing it, Mr. Victor C. Duclos, is still living in New Harmony. A year or more later Say was married to Miss Lucy May Sistare, an accomplished and talented young lady, sister of Mrs. Frances Ball, wife of the well-known jeweler. Dr. Ed- ward Murphy, now living in New Harmony, and an annual at- tendant at meetings of the American Association for the Advance- ment of Science, was a guest at the wedding of Mr. and Mrs. Say. The subject of this sketch is described as being fully six H I m I O c CO m O I CO •< g m o 1895-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 8l feet in height, slender, with a slight lisp to his articulation, which gave to his naturally gentle voice a musical softness. Whether the newly-wedded pair at once took up their abode in the house shown in the February number of the NEWS, or in the one illustrated in the present number, I am unable to learn. As it was in the last-mentioned that Say's death took place, it seems quite probable that the other was their first home, and that he afterwards moved into the one here represented. The present illustration shows the house as it appeared in the Winter of 1888- 89. A portion of the original structure was burned in 1843, and afterwards rebuilt somewhat differently in point of architecture from the original, but the lower portion fronting the street to the left, as in the engraving, long used as kitchen, dining-room, etc , is as originally built by George Rapp soon after the Rappite community was established in 1815, and afterwards occupied by Thomas Say. With the purchase of the lands and buildings of this community by Robert Owen, in 1824, it passed into the hands of Messrs. Owen and Maclure, and seems to have been transferred to Mr. and Mrs. Say, probably by either Alexander or William Maclure, and later sold by the Says to David Dale Owen. So, we only know that for a time at least it was owned by Say, that it was within its walls that he breathed his last, and that his ashes peacefully rest in a tomb located within the grounds to the rear of the house here shown. Besides his connection with the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, he was a foreign member of both the Linnean and Zoological Societies of London. He was also a member of the Masonic Fraternity. After the death of her husband, Mrs. Say remained for several years in New Harmony, but later moved to New York, and made her home with her sister. A few years before her death, which occurred several years ago, and at the age of eighty-three, she wrote an excellent letter to a friend in New Harmony. (To be continued.) CAPT. BEECHEY. tells us he saw many asses, heavily laden with Locusts for food, driven into the town of Mesurata, in Tripoli.— " Exped. to Africa" p. 107. 82 [March, ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Published monthly (except July and August), in charge of the joint publication committees of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, and the American Entomological Society. It will contain not less than 300 pages per annum. It will main- tain no free list whatever, but will leave no measure untried to make it a necessity to every student of insect life, so that its very moderate annual subscription may be considered well spent. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION $1.00, IN ADVANCE. Outside of the United States and Canada $1.2O. gg^° All remittances should be addressed to E. T. Cresson, Treasurer, P. O. Box 248, Philadelphia, Pa.; all other communications to the Editors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, Academy of Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. PHILADELPHIA, PA., MARCH, 1895. PHOTOGRAPHS. SEVERAL times we have made appeals for photographs for the albums of the American Entomological Society, and are pleased to say that many of our entomological friends kindly responded. Some of our subscribers were under the impression that we only wished those of people who have done much entomological work, either as collectors or writers, but such is not the case, as we would like a photo, of every one interested in en- tomology. These pictures are of great interest, especially those collected early in the history of the society. Some day some one may wish to pub- lish a history of entomology in the United States, or a series of biograph- ical sketches of entomologists, and such a collection of photos would be indispensible. There is also an inevitable law of Nature that all must obey, and we all know that it is very gratifying to be able to look on the facial lineaments of those friends and correspondents, perhaps never seen, but to whom we have become attached by a community of interests. Publication Committee of the American Entomological Society have now in press a complete Supplement to Henshaw's List of Coleoptera of America north of Mexico, published in 1885, including all addition?, corrections, etc., since that date; this will take the place of the first and second supplements published in 1887 and 1889 respectively, both of which are now out of print, and at the same time be complete to the end of 1894. Those desiring copies should apply to the Treasurer. The price will be 50 cents per copy. See advertisement on third page of cover. 1 895.] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 83 DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY, Edited by Prof. JOHN B. SMITH, Sc. D., New Brunswick, N. J. The Chinch-Bug. — Bulletin No. 55, from the office of the State Ento- mologist of Illinois, Prof. S. A. Forbes, is an interesting little pamphlet. It contains a very brief record of the chinch-bug invasion of 1894, the prospects for 1895, a brief statement concerning contagious disease and other experiments, and a series of recommendations for 1895. There are only seven pages of print, but they contain a great deal of history and suggestive information. "The history of chinch-bug injury in Illinois is substantially that of a succession of waves of increase which rise to a highest point and then suddenly fall away to insignificance, the rise of the wave usually occupying from three to five years or more, and its re- cession requiring only one or two." Prof. Forbes thinks it probable that the culminating point of such a wave has been reached and would feel no surprise if the season of 1895 witnessed its recession. As an important factor in causing the decrease of the insects he recognizes the "white muscardine" disease, due to Sporatrichum globuliferum, but he is not enthusiastic as to the possibility of controlling chinch-bug injury by the artificial propagation of the disease. Among a series of conclusions the following are especially interesting: " i. The white muscardine will not spread among vigorous chinch-bugs in the field in very dry weather to an extent to give this disease any prac- tical value as a means of promptly arresting chinch-bug injury under such conditions. It may be added that chinch-bugs are usually vigorous in dry weather. "9. The resistant power of healthy chinch-bugs exposed to infection is well shown by the fact that thousands of bugs, young and old, have commonly lived for many days, and even for several weeks, moulting, maturing, copulating and laying their eggs, when shut up in infection boxes which had been heavily stocked with fungus spores from dead in- sects and had been made in every way as favorable as possible to the development of the disease. The percentage of those that would suc- cumb from day to day was often ridiculously small. " From all our experimental work thus far completed, I draw the gen- eral conclusion that infection with the fungus of the white muscardine of the chinch-bug is an uncertain measure, largely dependent for its practical value upon conditions beyond the influence of the experimenter, and whose occurrence or prevalence it is impossible for him to foresee. It appears, on the other hand, to be so powerful an agency for the destruc- tion of chinch-bugs en masse when the weather favors its development and spread, and can be made by proper organization so inexpensive to the individual and to the State, that it is well worthy of the most thor- oughgoing scientific study and practical field experimentation." 84 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, This expresses the opinion of the conservative students and those who have most carefully studied the nature of fungus diseases in insects, ani- mals or plants. The diseases may be fatally effective under certain cir- cumstances— but we cannot produce the circumstances to order, and while we are waiting for the necessary meteorological conditions the chinch-bugs may destroy the crop. It is well to have the disease in hand, ready for use in favorable seasons, but we must also be prepared with other means as effective alternatives, some of which Prof. Forbes points out. It is a fact, of course, that some insect diseases seem to be to a large extent independent of heat or cold, wet or dry, and seem to be able to spread rapidly in all weathers. Of this type is the disease which attacks the larva of the clover-leaf beetle— Phytonomns punctatns. I have watched it for five years in succession, and each year, no matter what the character of the season, the fungus has attacked the half grown larvte and has swept them away just when they threatened injury to the crop. The factors that facilitate the remarkable spread of this disease are not yet well understood ; but they are evidently quite different from those controlling the " white muscardine" of the chinch-bug. " Cabbage Root Maggot, Etc. — On this subject Mr. M. V. Slingerland gives us, in Bulletin 78, of the Cornell Experiment Station, nearly one hundred pages of information. While the cabbage maggots are more especially treated, there are incidental notes on other species and much information is contained on the subject of maggots in general. The Bulletin is really an exhaustive treatise which can only be commended, and the subject of remedies is very fully treated. Practically, the recommendations narrow down to tarred paper cards, put on when the plants are set out to prevent oviposition on the surface at the base of the stem, and to the use of bi- sulphide of carbon to destroy the insects when they have attacked the plants. For the application of the bisulphide an injector is described which seems practical. I have elsewhere expressed the conviction that bisulphide of carbon would come into much more general use when its range was fully understood, and when its cost was reduced to a point justifying its use in the field. The question of cost has been recently made satisfactory, and now it is in order to ascertain what can be done with the material. Mr. Slingerland has proved its usefulness in one direction; my experiments tend to show that it may be used against plant- lice in the field, under certain circumstances; in the green-house its use- fulness can scarcely be over-estimated, while in forcing beds, which can be covered, it may be used as against all, except scale insects. Its use in destroying insects infesting stored grain and seeds is well established. Oviposition in Cicada hieroglyphica Say. — During the latter part of June, 1894, a small party of entomologists spent three or four days collecting at Anglesea, N. J., where many rarities have been found in times past, and more yet remain to be found in times to come. Among the party were Dr. Skinner and Mr. Hoyer, who were greatly exercised over a more or less persistent "singing," which they claimed must be due to a Cicada. 1 895.] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 85 They finally resolved to run down these "singing machines" as they were christened, and by care and patience located them on some old and bat- tered cedar trees, capturing several males of Cicada hieroglyphica Say. Later in the day the axe and chisel were brought into use on these same trees, and a number of coleopterous larva; and pupa were secured, the trunks presenting a badly wrecked appearance when they were finally abandoned. Next morning I heard a specimen of the Cicada " singing," and by careful moving located him. But not him alone; his mate was close by on the bare trunk, busily engaged in ovipositing. I watched the specimen for some "ime and made sure of what she was doing before capturing her. In the character of the egg punctures there was nothing distinctive, but the selection of the raw surface of the wood where we had been chopping was interesting. The trunk was dead and was soft rotting, and into this soft wood the eggs were laid. The Codling Moth.—" Insect Life," vol. vii, No. 3, p. 248, contains an in- stalment of proof, by Mr. Marlatt, that the Codling Moth is double- brooded in many places. This is in response to my suggestion that per- haps it had been too generally assumed that there were two broods, and that we might find the second brood exceptional in some localities. Mr. Marlatt is undoubtedly correct in all his observations, and we may assume two broods as the rule throughout the central and southern United States, and even in southern New Jersey, but where the insect becomes single brooded is yet a question. My own observations were positive, and are not doubted by Mr. Marlatt, but it does seem as if New Brunswick was very abnormally situated and not favorably for the development of insect life. Incidentally, it may be said that it is a miserably poor collecting region for most orders of insects. A New Chilean Vine-destroying Insect.— About the year 1880 my atten- tion was called to a small vineyard at Quillota half destroyed by some unknown disease. On examining the roots of some of the dead and dying vines I found a curious gall-like body on all of them. These galls or cysts, were sub-spherical in shape, the shell was rough, of stout tex- ture, reddish brown in color, from 5 to 7 millimetres in diameter and full of a liquid of a creamy color and consistency, with a very peculiar and abominable odor. An examination of this fluid under the microscope showed corpuscles floating in it, also what I took to be rudiments of tracheae. One of the best microscopists that I ever met, my friend Dr. Bruner, also studied these bodies very attentively, but failed to arrive at any definite conclusion. I fancied we were examining the larva of an insect in the act of changing into the pupa state, yet the change was so complete that no rudiment of any organ could be found, except the sup- posed tracheae. Various remedies were tried on the vineyard, but in vain, and the vines were uprooted and replaced by lucerne (Mcdica^o sativa}. I paid no more attention to the matter for some years, but in Nos, some one hundred miles to the south of Quillota, serious damage 86 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, was reported as being done in vineyards by the same insect. In 1884 an article appeared on the subject, written by Mr. F. Philippi, who stated that the cysts were produced by mematod worms, and he then described the species as Heterodera vitis, giving a drawing of a European species of worm. It would appear that Mr. Philippi does not need to see a spe- cies in order to describe it, as he had only the galls or cysts, to build upon, the worms were evolved from his inner consciousness. About November, 1893, my sons were collecting insects near the Can- queues Baths, and, to my surprise, brought me a lot of the cysts, though there is no vineyard for many miles. I then determined to investigate the matter seriously, and found that some fossorial wasps, of the genera Trachypiis and Sphex, were carrying the cysts to their nests. I next got my boys to find out where the wasps got them from, and so found large numbers in a dry, sandy spot, destitute of vegetation. These were care- fully kept in the hopes of breeding the perfect form, but I got no results. In October and November, 1894, I again collected a lot of cysts, and kept on getting them at intervals of a few days. Early in December two females emerged, and I got several more where I found the cysts, but as yet I know nothing of the male. The galls or cysts, live on a great variety of Chilean plants, especially on annuals, which explains their presence in places where, during the Summer drought vegetation disappears. The insect bred from the cysts appears to belong to the genus Marga- rodes Gurlding, allied to Porphyrophora Brandt, and as Philippi described a worm that never existed I see no reason why we should apply his spe- cific name to an insect whose existence he never suspected: Margarodes trilobitum spec. nov. $ • — Body elliptic, of a dull whitish yellow color, thinly covered with soft hairs, most abundant on the dorsal region. On the underside there are short, stiff hairs, that assist in loco- motion. There is no distinct head, but at the anterior extremity of the body, beneath, are antennae, seemingly S-jointed; the basal joint, how- ever, is pale, soft, and appears to represent the antenniferous tubercle; the other seven joints are of a clear brown color, with verticillate hairs, moniliform and tapering from base to apex. No eyes or ocelli are visible, even under the microscope with an inch lens, nor can any trophi be seen, though there is a depression, near and behind the anterior legs, that probably represents the mouth cavity. The anterior legs are well de- veloped, though small, and armed with strong fossorial cla\vs, probably of use to the insect in escaping from the pupal cyst, and in locomotion, as anchors. The posterior pairs of legs are slender and short, almost rudimental; the tarsi are 3 -jointed, the two basal joints anchylosed, the apical freely articulated; each tarsus has one claw, very large relatively to the size of the leg. — EDWYN C. REED. ISQ5-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 87 Notes and. ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE. [The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS solicit, and will thankfully receive items of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author's name will be given in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] To Contributors.— All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfei- ence, as to make it necessary to put "copy1' into the hands of the printer, for each number, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or im- portant matter for certain issue. Twenty-five "extras" without change in form will be given free when they are wanted, and this should be so stated on the MS. along with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged. — ED. Ix an English paper, the Observer, of July 25, 1813, there is an account of a " swarm of Bees resting themselves on the inside of a lady's parasol." They were hived without any serious injury to the lady. ON the cover cf ENT. NEWS for January, 1895, I notice the figure of a moth named Composia olympia. Would it not be better to give the spe- cies its older name, C. fideUissima H. S. ? I have already called Mr. Butler's attention to the fact that he had redescribed Herrich-Schaffer's species, and the types of C. olympia are now placed in the British Mu- seum collection as C. fideUissima H.-S. — W. SCHAUS. THE FIRST NUMBER of the new volume (xxii) of the "Transactions" of the American Entomological Society, now in press, will contain the following papers: On the Oribatoidea of the United States, by Nathan Banks; A Monograph of the tribe Bassini, by G. C. Davis; Descriptions of a few new Pimplinae, by G. C. Davis; Contributions to the Dipter- ology of North America, by C. H. Tyler Townsend. THE wild Locusts upon which St. John fed have given rise to great discussion — some authors asserting them to be the fruit of the carob tree, while others maintain they were the true Locusts, and refer to the prac- tice of the Arabs in Syria at the present day. "They who deny insects t<> have been the food of this holy man," says Hasselquist, "urge that this insect is an unaccustomary and unnatural food; but they would sot in be convinced of the contrary, if they would travel hitherto Egypt, Arahia, or Syria, and take a meal with the Arabs. Roasted Locusts are at this time eaten by the Arabs, at the proper season, when they can procure them; so that in all probability this dish has been used in the time of St. John. Ancient customs are not here subject to many changes, and the victuals of St. John are not believed unnatural here; and I was as- sured by a judicious Greek priest that their church had never taken the word in any other sense, and he even laughed at the idea cf its being a bird or a plant." • — Cowan s Curious Facts. .88 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, THE entire library of Mr. C. H. T. Townsend, was destroyed by fire in Las Cruces, New Mex., while he was East in January. He will be grateful to correspondents and others who will send him sets of their papers to enable him to replace those destroyed. He has removed to Brownsville, Texas, as Temporary Field Agent of the Division of Entomology U. S. Department of Agriculture. IN iSn, at Smyrna, at right angles to a flight of Locusts, a man rode forty miles before he got rid of the moving column. This immense flight continued for three days and nights, apparently without intermission. It was computed that the lowest number of Locusts in this swarm must have exceeded 168,608,563,000,000 ! Captain Beaufort determined that the Locusts of this flight, which he himself saw, if framed into a heap, would have exceeded in magnitude more than a thousand and thirty times the largest pyramid of Egypt; or, if put on the ground close together, in a band of a mile and an eighth in width, would have encircled the globe ! This immense swarm caused such a famine in the district of Marwar, that the natives flecUftft subsistence in a living torrent into Guzerat and Bombay; and out of every hundred of these Marwarees, Captain Carnac estimates, ninety-nine died that year ! Near the town of Baroda, these poor people perished at the rate of five hundred a day; and at Ahme- dabad, a large city of 200,000 inhabitants, 100,000 died from this awful visitation ! — "'Penny Magazine" 1843, p. 231. THE Arabs believe the Locusts have a government among themselves similar to that of the bees and ants; and when " Sultan Jeraad," king of the Locusts, rises, the whole mass follow him, and not a solitary straggler is left behind to witness the devastation. Mr. Jackson, himself, evidently believed this from the manner he has narrated it (Morocco, p. 103). An Arab once asserted to this gentleman that he himself had seen the great "Sultan Jeraad," and described his lordship as being larger and more beautifully colored than the ordinary Locust (ibid. p. 106). Capt. Riley also mentions that each flight of Locusts is said to have a king which directs its movements with great regularity (Narrative, p. 235). The Chinese believe the same, and affirm that this leader is the largest indi- vidual of the whole swarm. Benjamin Bullifant, in his observations on the Natural History of New England, says: "The Locusts have a kind of regimental discipline, and, as it were, commanders, which show greater and more splendid wings than the common ones, and arise first when pursued by fowls, or the feet of a traveler, as I have often seriously re- marked." The truth, however, is found in the Bible: They have no king (Prov. xxx, 27). — Cowan 's Curious Facts. Identification of Insects (Imagos) for Subscribers. Specimens will be named under the following conditions : ist, The number of species to be limited to twenty-five for each sending; 2d, The sender to pay all expenses of trans- portation and the insects to become the property of the American Entomological Society ; 3d, Each specimen must have a number attached so that the identification may be an- nounced accordingly. Exotic species named only by special arrangement with the Editor, who should be consulted before specimens are sent. Send a 2 cent stamp with all insects for return of names. Before sending insects for identification, read page 41, Vol. Ill, Address all packages to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, Academy Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. 1895-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 89 Entomological Literature. 1. THE AMERICAN NATURALIST. Philadelphia, January, 1895.— The use of parasitic and predaceous insects, C. M. Weed. 2. NATURE. London, Jan. 10, 1895. — The bird-winged buttL-rllus of the East, W. F. Kirby, figs. 3. THE ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. London, January, 1895. — Descriptions of some new species of Heterocera from the Eastern Islands and Tropical America, H. Druce. — February, 1895. On the luminosity of midges (Chironomidae), P. Schmidt (transl. from Zool. Jahrb.). On some insects collected in the State of Chihuahua, Mexico, T. D. A. Cockerell. 4. COMPTE RENDU. L'ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES. Paris, Dec. 31, 1894. —On the nests of Vespa crabro L.— order of appearance of the first al- veoli, C. Janet. 5. PROCEEDINGS OF THE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, xviii, No. 1041. Washington, Jan. 16, 1895. — Two new species of beetles of the Tene- brionid genus Ec/iocents, F. H. Chittenden. 6. ENTOMOLOGISK TIDSKRIFT, xv, 1-4. Stockholm, 1894. — On the structure and habits of Heiniinci its talpoides Walk., Dr. H. J. Hansen, 2 pis. Lipuridse from Florida, H. Schott. Contribution to the knowledge of the Aradidae, E. Bergroth. Revision of the genus Corisa Latr. with respect to the Scandinavian species, H. D. J. Wallengren. Variability of Argynnis aphirape Hiibn. var. ossianns Herbst, J. Meves, figs. [Eco- nomic entomology], S. L'ampa, i pi., figs. Practical entomology in Ryss- land, C. Grill. Isaria densa (Link.) Fries, parasitic on Melolontha vnl- garis'L.., id. Parasiticida, S. Lampa. Revision of the Pseudonetiroptera of Scandinavia, H. D. J. Wallengren. 7. BULLETIN FROM THE LABORATORIES OF NATURAL HISTORY OF THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA iv, i.— Supplement to the " List of the Co- leoptera of Iowa City and vicinity," H. F. Wickham. 8. ENTOMOLOGISCHE NACHRICHTEN, xx, 24. Berlin, December, 1894. —Karl Lindeman's " Ueber den Bau des Skelettes der Coleopteren; iiber den Bau des Thorax derselben," a forgotten work, C. Verhoeff. 9. MlTTHEILUNGEN DER SCHWEIZERISCHEN ENTOMOLOGISCHEN GE- SELLSCHAFT, ix, 4. Schaff hausen, October, 1894.— On the classification of the Cetonidac, Dr. G. Schoch. Coleoptera Helvetica (cont), Dr. G. Stierlin. 10. THE ZOOLOGICAL RECORD, Volume the Thirtieth. P.eing records of zoological literature relating chiefly to the year 1893. Edited by D. Sharp, M. A., etc. London: Gurney & Jackson, 1894. — Arachnida, 33 pp. Myriopoda and Prototracheata, 11 pp. by R. I. Pocock. Insecta, 371 pp. by D. Sharp. go ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, 11. ARCHIV FUR NATURGESCHICHTE, Ix, I, 2. Berlin, July, 1894.— Comparative morphology of the abdomen of the male and female Lam- pyridae, Cantharidae and Malachidae, Dr. C. Verhoeff, 4 pis. — Ix, II, 2. November, 1894. Summary of the scientific results in the domain of Entomology during the year 1893, Dr. P. Bertkau, 276 pp. 12. ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEiGER. Leipsic, Jan. 14, 1895. — On ampulla- like blood-circulatory organs in the head of different Orthoptera, M. Pawlowa. — January 21. Contributions to classification and development of fresh water mites, R. Piersig. 13. SCIENCE. New York, Jan. 25, 1895. — On certain habits and in- stincts of social insects, M. Hartog. 14. LA FAUNE DBS CADAVRES. — Application de 1'Entomologie a la Medecine Legale par P. Megnin. Paris, G. Masson, Gauthier-Yillars et fils. Not dated. Received Jan. 29, 1895. — Forming a volume of the En- cyclope'die scientifiique des Aide-Memoire; 214 pp., figs. 15. BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA. Pt. cxix. London, November, 1894. — Arachnida Araneidea: pi. xvi, O. P. Cambridge. Coleoptera: vol. ii, pt. i, pp. 465-488, D. Sharp [Colydiidse]; vol. iii, pt. i, pp. 265-296, G. C. Champion [Serricornia]. Hymenoptera: vol. ii, pp. 313-328, P. Cam- eron [Mutillidae]. Lepidoptera-Rhopalocera: vol. ii, pp. 377-384, pi. Ixxxiii, F. D. Godman & O. Salvin [Hesperidae]. Rhynchota Homop- tera: vol. ii, pi. iii, VV. W. Fowler [Membracidae]. 16. THE NATURALISTS' JOURNAL. London, December, 1894. — Pupa hunting (cont.), H. G. Knaggs. — February, 1895. Pupa hunting (cont.), H. G. Knaggs. Abraxas grossulariata and its varieties, S. L. Mosley, 6 ere fe*-5' 17. SPECIES DES HVMENOPTERES D'EUROPE ET D'ALGERIE. Fonde par Edmond Andre" et continue' sous la direction scientifique de Ernest Andre; 496 fasc. Paris, M. Dubosclard, Jan. i, 1895. — Contains pp. 401- 480, pis. xii-xiv, of vol. v, Braconidae. 18. THE ENTOMOLOGIST'S RECORD. London, Jan. 15, 1895. — About larvae, G. M. A. Hewett. The life-history of a lepidopterous insect — chap, iii. Parthenogenesis or Agamogenesis (cont.), J. \V. Tutt. — Feb. i, 1895. Generic names in the Noctuidae, A. R. Grote. Discussion on the nature of certain colors, W. S. Riding, R. Freer, J. W. Tutt. 19. JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, ii, 4, De- cember, 1894. — Notes on Phalangidaa, N. Banks. Note on the develop- ment of Deltocephahis ininiicus Say, F. M. Webster. Preliminary re- vision of the Bombyces of America north of Mexico, B. Neumoegen and H. G. Dyar. Preliminary hand-book of the Coleoptera of northeastern America, C. W. Leng and W. Beutenmiiller, i pi. On the use of bisul- phide, A. P. Morse. An exodus of water beetles, W. T. Davis. Note on Xiphidiiim neinoralc, VV. Beutenmiiller. IS95-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. ' 9! 20. KNOWLEDGE. London, Feb. i, 1895. — The Hessian fly, E. A. Butler, figs. 21. BULLETIN 78. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, Entom. Div. — The cabbage-root maggot, with notes on the onion maggot and allied insects, M. V. Slingerland, pp. 481-577, 18 figs. 22. INSEKTEN-BORSE. Leipsic, Nov. 15, 1894. — On the bases of varia- tion and aberration of the imago among Lepidoptera (cont.), Dr. M. Standfuss. 23. THE ENTOMOLOGIST. London, February, 1895. — Dr. F. B. White (with portrait). The sense organs of insects: a speculation, J. Watson. Jumping beans and jumping eggs, C. C. Hopley. The cold Autumn of 1894, and its effects on certain species of the genus Vanessa, }. Arkle. Wood naphtha as a relaxing medium, R. South. 24. ANNUAL REPORT OF i HE NEW MEXICO COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND MECHANIC ARTS, 1894. Las Cruces, N. M. — Entomology, T. D. A. Cockerell. — Bulletin No. 15, January, 1895. Entomological observations in 1894, Life zones in New Mexico, Entomological diary at Santa Fe. T. D. A. Cockerell. 25. PSYCHE. Cambridge, Mass., February, 1895. — Rehabilitation of Podisma Latreille, S. H. Scudder. Two new species of Entotnobrya, F. L. Harvey, figs. The Tipulid genera Bittacomorpha and Pedicia, J. M. Aldrich, fig. Gall of Eurytonia sp. on the cat's-clawthorn, C. H. Tyler Townsend. 26. ANNALES DE LA SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE BELGIOUE, xxxviii, 13. Brussels, 1894, — Retiring President's address — the Ichneumonidae, M. Tosquinet. — xxxix, r, Jan. 31, 1895. New ants from various localities, especially from Australia, A. Forel. 27. TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETV, xxi, 3. Philadelphia, June-September, 1894. — New species of Noctuidas from tropical America, W. Schaus. A catalogue of :he described Jassoidea of North America, E. P. Van Duzee. Descriptions of new parasitic Hy- menoptera, W. H. Ashmead. 28. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. London, Ont., February, 1895. -The Coleoptera of Canada — vii. The Cucujidic of Ontario and Quebec, H. F. Wickham, figs. Summary of the U. S. Phasmidae, S. H. Scudder. Alypia inariposa larva, H. G. Dyar. Actias lima, H. H. Lyman. Cana- dian Coccidffi, T. 1). A. Cockerell. Protective mimicry in spiders, F. M. Webster. J^reptos, Tainp/iai/a and slrotros- -a review, H.G. Dyar. On the Coleoptera of New Mexico and Arizona, including biologic and ether notes, C. H. T. Townsend. Acritiintn a4>ierii\i>in»i, J. A. Moffat. 29. THE ENTOMOLOGIST'S MONTHLY MAGA/INE. London, February, !S95- — Pre-occupied names and genera in the micro-lepidoptera, Rt. Hon. Lord Walsingham. Relaxing and setting insects, W. Farren. 92 * ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, 30. INSECT LIFE, vii, 3. Washington.. Issued December, 1894. Re- ceived Feb. n, 1895. — Damage by the American locust, L. O. Howard, figs. Chinch-bug observations in Iowa in 1894, H. Osborn. The hiber- nation of the chinch-bug, C. L. Marlatt. The maple Pseudococcus (P. aceris Geoff.), L. O. Howard, figs. Notes on cotton insects found in Mississippi (cont.), W. H. Ashmead. The codling moth double-brooded, C. L. Marlatt. A new saw-fly which is injurious to hollyhocks, T. D. A. Cockerell. Note on Hylesinus sericeus, E. A. Schwarz, fig. A new parasite of Mytilaspis pouiorum, L. O. Howard. The patent on the hy- drocyanic acid gas process declared invalid, D. W. Coquillett. A new pear insect, fig. Scorpions, centipedes and tarantulas. General notes. 31. CONTRIBUTIONS TO SCIENCE by Charles J. Maynard, vol. ii, i. Newtonville, Mass., July, 1893. — Notes on a singular specimen of the Polyphemus moth, Attacus polyphemus, pp. 36-38, figs. — No. 4, Decem- ber, 1894. Defensive glands in a Bahama species of Phasma (pp. 191-193). INDEX TO THE PRECEDING LITERATURE. The number after each author's name in this index refers to the journal, as numbered in the preceding literature, in which that author's paper was published; * denotes that the paper in question contains descriptions of new North American forms. THE GENERAL SUBJECT. Weed i, Lampa 6 (two), Grill 6 (two), Sharp 10. Bertkau 11, Hartog 13, Megnin 14, Morse 19, Watson 23, South 23, Cockerell 24, 3, Farren 29, Coquillett 30. MYRIAPODA. Pocock 10. ARACHNIDA. Pocock 10, Cambridge 15, Banks 19*, Piersig 12, Webster 28, Anon. 30. THYSANURA. Schott 6, Harvey 25*. ORTHOPTERA. Hansen 6, Pawlowa 12, Beutenmiiller 19, Scudder 25, 28*, Moffat 2.S, Howard 30, Maynard 31. NEUROPTERA. Wallengren 6. HEMIPTERA. Bergroth 6*, Wallengren 6, Fowler 15, Van Duzee 27, Cockerell 28, Osborn 30, Marlatt 30, Howard 30. 1 895.] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 93 COLEOPTERA. Chittenden 5*, Wickham 7, 28, Yerhoeff 8, n, Schoch 9, Stierlin 9, Sharp 15*, Champion 15*, Leng and Beutenmiiller 19, Davis 19, Hopley 23, Townsend 28, Ashmead 30, Schwarz 30, Anon. 30. DIPTERA. Schmidt 3, Butler 20, Slingerland 21, Aldnch 25*. LEPIDOPTERA. Kirby 2, Druce 3*, Meves 6, Godman & Salvin 15*, Knaggs 16, Mosley 16, Hewett 18, Tutt 18, Neumoegen and Dyar 19*, Standfuss 22, Arkle 23, Schaus 27* Uyar 28 (two), Lyman 28, Walsingham 29, Grote 18, Riding 1 8, Freer 18, Marlatt 30, Maynard 31. HYMENOPTERA. Janet 4, Cameron 15*, Andre" 17, Townsend 25, Tosquinet 26, Ashmead 27*, 30*, Cock-erell 30*, Howard 30*, Forel 26*. Doings of Societies. PHILADELPHIA, Feb. 12, 1895. A stated meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social was held at the residence of Dr. Henry Skinner, 716 N. Twentieth Street. Members present : Messrs. Bland, Fox, Johnson, Dr. Griffith, Hoyer, Boerner, Trescher, E. Wenzel, Dr. Castle, Haimbach, Seeber, H. W. Wenzel, Laurent and Schmitz. Honorary members: Drs. Geo. H. Horn, John B. Smith and Henry Skinner. Meeting called to order at 8.30 P.M., Presi- dent Bland presiding. Dr. Horn mentioned that the cocoons exhibited at the last meeting by Mr. Seeber as being found in palm wood are prob- ably formed by a species of Sphenophorus, as some of the species are known to transform in such places and make cocoons as described. He then exhibited a fine and complete series of Pleocoma and Plusiotis, giv- ing the life-history of Pleocoma, stating that nearly all the species came from California, south of San Francisco. Plusiotis woodii, of which he exhibited a fine pair, were captured along the Rio Grande, Texas, by Dr. Wood, of the University of Pennsylvania. Prof. Smith stated that he had discovered an entirely new sexual char- acter in a species of Noctuidae, Remigia latipes, which consisted of a tuft of hair, resembling a brush, situated on the prothorax, which does not exist in any of the other species; he further stated that there would never be a true classification of Lepidoptera until a collection large enough should be formed, from which specimens could be taken and denuded of their scales to allow of a thorough examination, instead of depending entirely on their superficial characters, as is mostly the case at present. 94 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, Mr. Bland gave an interesting and graphic account of a trip he had made during last July along the banks of the Poho Poko Creek, which empties into the Lehigh River at Parry ville, Pa., finding a few specimens of Ca- rabidae, several of Berosus, Dineutes, Haliplus, Dryops and a number of El mis. Mr. Fox exhibited a bee, Eulema diinidiafa, which he had recently received from Mexico, calling attention to the remarkable development of its tongue, which equaled the length of the body; he also exhibited a drawing of the tongue, showing the peculiar brush-like tip, which is present in the typical bees. Mr. Johnson exhibited specimens of Diptera and Hymenoptera, calling attention to the mimicry of these species; this brought forth a general discussion on the powers of mimicry in the insect world; various cases being cited where it had been observed. Dr. Horn, however, questioned the correctness of the use of the term, stating that in his opinion it was nothing more than a resemblance, which is very likely the true definition, as it seems very improbable that any insect is itself responsible for the imitative qualities it may possess, as it is no doubt simply thus endowed by nature for its self-protection, in the absence of the sense of reasoning. There being no further business the meeting adjourned to partake of an excellent banquet provided by Dr. Skinner. This meeting will no doubt prove a memorable one to its members, notably every member being present, and the spirit of the meeting being of a characteristically scientific nature, the discussions continuing even after the members had done ample justice to the viands set before them. Dr. Horn occupied the chair of honor, Dr. Skinner acting as toast-master and calling on Drs. Horn and Smith, and Messrs. Bland and H. W. Wenzel; the responses bringing forth many interesting historical facts pertaining to entomology probably never recorded. THEO. H. SCHMITZ, Secretary. Ttie EDrLtornological Section ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. PROCEEDINGS OF MEETINGS. JANUARY 24, 1895. A regular stated meeting of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences was held in the Hall, S. W. cor. Nineteenth and Race Streets, this evening, Dr. Geo. H. Horn, director, presiding. Members present: Horn, E. T. Cresson, Skinner, Welles, Seiss, Calvert, Laurent, Johnson, Fox, Ridings. Associates: Dr. Castle and Mr. Reinick. Mr. Fox exhibited specimens of Elis tricincta and Pompilus juxta, taken at Lake Worth, Florida, by Mrs. A. T. Slosson. These have not been found in the United States prior to this time, being West Indian species. Mr. 1 895-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 95 Johnson spoke of his studies of some Diptera as follows: The results of my recent study of the genus Stratiomyia may be summarized as follows: the number of species in Osten Sacken's catalogue recorded north of Mexico is twenty-nine; to this number Bigot has since added six, a total of thirty-five. Of these fourteen have been reduced to synonymy, six- remain unidentified, one has been referred to a new genus, and two new species have been described. This leaves for our consideration sixteen species; these are divided into three groups, the first Stratiomyia, s. str., contains five species; the second, Thereodonta, two; and the third, Nor- mula, nine. The color pattern is still largely used in distinguishing spe- cies, but in almost every case the male and female have both been studied. Dr. Horn stated that his paper on Scyinnus was nearly completed, and that he hoped to present it at the next meeting. Mr. Calvert quoted from Dr. Riley's presidential address to the Ent. Society of Washington of February, 1894, that no species of Odonata habitually hibernated, and stated that Sympycna fusca has been found to regularly pass the Winter in the imago state, in numbers, in France. Dr. HENRY SKINNER, Recorder. The following papers were read and accepted by the Committee for publication in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS : Preparatory stages of Phlegethontius cingulata. By HARRISON G. DVAR. I find that the life-history of this Sphinx has not been written. The larvae occurred commonly on morning-glory vines near Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands. Egg. — Elliptical, nearly spherical, not flattened ; smooth, shining, nearly colorless and translucent, with a greenish tinge; size 1.3 x i.i x i.i mm. Under a half inch objective the surface is smooth, shining, covered with circular shallow pits of varying size and irregularly distributed. Found on a leaf of Ipomcea tuberculata Roem. and Sch. First stage. — On hatching, entirely white, with a black horn. Head rounded, not shining, pale greenish yellow, mouth a little darker, ocelli brown; width .55 mm. Body cylindrical, smooth, shining, distinctly an- nulated, uniform whitish, the food giving a dark green shade by trans- parency. A faint, narrow, white subdorsal line ending at the horn. Horn straight, thick, blunt at the end, black and minutely setose, its length 1.5 mm. Second stage. — Head rounded, pale green, with many white setiferous granulations; ocelli black; width i mm. Body granular, the granules setiferous, white; color pale green; caudal horn black spinose, tapering, 2.5 mm. long. g6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, Third stage (dimorphic). — Head rounded, green, with conical white granulations; a faint yellowish line runs up before the ocelli, in the brown form followed by a black shade posteriorly; width 1.8 mm. Body cylin- drical, annulated, covered with white granulations; a very faint subdorsal line and indications of the seven oblique lateral lines, in the brown form preceded by black shades; spiracles surrounded by black and similarly colored marks on all the feet; spiracles ocherous. Fourth stage. — Head uniform light green, thickly covered with small, round, white tubercles; a vertical whitish line before the black ocelli, width 3.2 mm. Body roughened with many white granulations like those on the head, more elongated on the caudal horn and bearing there minute seta2; color green, with a whitish shading and seven oblique lateral lines on joints 5-11, the last produced over joint 12 to the base of the horn, the others reaching from before the spiracle to subdorsal region, but con- tinued back on the succeeding segment by a faint white shade. Lines pale yellow, preceded by a bright green shade and marked centrally by a small dash of light purple. Horn green, yellow at tip; thoracic feet red- brown; spiracles rusty brown, bordered narrowly with ocher. Fifth stage (green form). — Head higher than wide, rounded, flat in front, smooth, shagreened; leaf green, with a broad, black, vertical band on each side covering the ocelli, whrch it just encloses by its well-defined anterior border; before it the ground color assumes a yellowish tint and preceding this yellowish shade is a faint, blackish clouded band; width 6 mm. Body plump and robust, the segments annulated; head slightly retracted below joint 2, and joint 2 below joint 3; but body elsewhere of uniform size. Horn large, tapering, curved backward, covered with short tubercles which bear very minute setae. Body smooth, colored leaf green, a little mottled with whitish, with the following purplish brown mottled marks: a patch covering the thoracic feet and their bases; an oblique, subventral patch on joint 6 analogous to the marks covering the abdomi- nal feet, each of which extends upward and forward obliquely in a broad band, ending at the anterior border of the segment; the one covering the anal foot extends along subventrally to the anterior edge of joint n; sub- anal plate green, contrasting with the nearly black bases of the feet, bor- dered above by a faint brown subdorsal shade; a broad, subdorsal band, enlarged centrally on each segment, begins behind the cervical shield, widens and sends out an arm obliquely forward and downward on joints 5-11, each of which ends at the anterior edge ot the segment before the spiracle. The band narrows on joint u posteriori}' and ends at the horn, which is colored blackish brown with small greenish tip. The lateral branches of the subdorsal band are edged posteriorly with white, repre- senting the usual oblique stripes; spiracles black, with a linear ocherous border and central dividing line, those on joints 5-12 surrounded by a circular black patch, contiguous (except on joint 12) to the oblique lateral lines. Length about 115 mm.; of horn 7 mm. (Brown form) Head flesh-brown; a vertical black stripe over ocelli and 1895-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 97 another near clypeus; sutures and jaws black. Body flesh-brown, densely covered with small, rounded, purplish black, confluent spots', almost cov- ering the surface. Feet, cervical shield and venter entirely purplish black; on joints 3 and 4 a broad dorsal and narrow subdorsal bright brown band. Lateral oblique lines indicated by heavier mottlings above and predomi- nence of the ground color below; spiracles black, with orange-red and central line, surrounded by black. Pupa. — Tongue case large, distant from the body, extending to near the middle of the cases then recurved along the body to near its origin, rounded and a little enlarged at the end; cremaster broad, flat, narrowing laterally and ending in four short spines ; color bright mahogany-red, darker on tongue case, cremaster nearly black. Length 64 mm.; width of thorax 15 mm.; length of tongue case about 47 mm.; distance from origin to joint of recurvature 21 mm.; diameter of tongue case 2.5 mm. -o- THE COMPOUND EYE. By E. BRENDEL. The anatomical and physiological comparison of the organ of vision is certainly a most difficult undertaking. Though the study of the eye of the vertebrate animals has progressed during the last century in an ad- mirable way, notwithstanding there are left many obscure points which will perhaps never be elucidated. We do not know anything concerning the reversion of the image, nor the physiology of the cones, or bacillse. The art of photography has helped us considerably in proving the law of vision. The momentary retension of an image by the exposure to the eye of a living vertebrate animal for the reception of the projection of an object on the retina has been proved in a chemical way by developing and fixing the image on the retina, demonstrating a physiological analogy of the photographic camera and the eye. The image in the camera appears to us not convex, but as a geometrical projection, if the object is in all its parts equally illuminated, that is, shade- less. The presence of light and shade with its delicate gradation alone produce the imagination of rotundity in a rather defective way. In the human eye the image is also plain when we use only one eye, but there are other additional factors than the shades of the object pro- ducing the perception of rotundity. There is our experience by touch assisting our eye — then the very defect of our vision, seeing sharply only such parts of the object which lie nearest to the optical axis is partly cor- rected by the combined use of our two eyes as each one receives an image from a different standpoint. The axes of vision of our eyes are conver- gent and adjustable. One eye sees parts of the object which the other cannot see; but the congruity of the images makes us in reality see more than the geometrical projection of the object on the single retina and cor- rects the flatness of the image. The photographer imitates nature by 3** 98 -ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, combining two such images into one, the stereoscopic pictures which bring out the convexity of object provided we use each eye for the pictures on its own side only. The mobility of the eyeball and the changes of the form of the lens by the ciliary muscles are other factors assisting the perception of rotundity. Now, in the eyes of the insects all these accommodations to vision are wanting. The eyes are immobile, either single isolated eyelets (ocelli) or arranged in semi-globular clusters (compound eyes). The axes of vision of the eyelets in one cluster are divergent, nearing parallelism only with its next neighbor — eyelet. The form of the eyelet is not a globe, but a cylindrical cone, or, a better idea would be furnished by expunging from the globular eye a conical piece of the diameter of the cornea through the centre to the retina. The sensitive retinal portion is for that reason not so extensive as the corneal portion. The length of the cone is re- versely proportional to the convexity of the cornea; the more convex the cornea the shorter the focus, "the shorter the cone, the more divergent the axes of vision of two neighbor-eyelets, the more convex the cluster of th t eyelet and the smaller the number of eyelets in one cluster- The re- verse holds good in the same manner; the less convex the cornea the more numerous the eyelets and the less divergent are the axes of vision. The isolated ocelli seem to be more resembling the form of the verte- brate eye. In the spiders they are arranged by fours in two transverse curves on the front and on the vertex of the head, which is much more movable than in the hexapodal insects and the visual axes by twos are supposed to be almost parallel, consequently have a greater range of vision. As we do not know the physiological action of the parts of the retina in our own eye, much less we should speculate on the anatomy of the insect eye. We do not know even the situation of the sensitive parts, but we certainly know that the vision is very good, and the optical law are as applicant as with our own eye, and that the sensitive part must be situated at the end of. the transparent part. The brainal mass is transverse, connecting the ocelli and eye-clusters. One may suspect that there is a compensation of at least two neighboring- ocelli for the formation of a perspective connected image of an object. The spherical arrangement of the eyelets of a cluster as they are rep- resented by the eyes of hexapod orders of insects, and in the fossil trilo- bites necessitate the more conical form of the single eyelet with a very limited range of vision and a divergence of the optical axes. If there is no compensation of neighboring eyelets, or of eyelets of the two clusters with parallel or convergent axes of vision as they really exist in large, prominent clusters, or where the cluster occupy almost the whole head the single eyelet would see only a small part of the object, and the several partial images could not form a truly connected image of the whole object. The idea of unconnected vision was held by Johannes Miiller, and is known as the theory of the mosaic vision, which is, I think, generally re- 1895-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 99 jected. The clusters of each side is connected by a rather massive trans- verse cylinder of nerve- or brain-matter, an apparently unnecessary ar- rangement— if the cluster or some of their respective eyelet would not co-operate. Such a co-operation would certainly only exist between eye- lets with parallel or convergent axes of vision and the clusters would be very large and prominent, exhibiting parallel or convergent eyelets all along the circumference of both the clusters. This is the condition of the eyes in all fast moving insects as in Cicindela, Cistela, dipterous, neurop- terous and lepidopterous insects in their imago state, and these insects avoid collisions by deviating in a distance of several meters, while others, as some Tenebrionidse and all those living in dark places or moving slowly possess flat lateral clusters, often situated on the inferior surface of the head. Probably the peripheral eyelets of the large clusters, of fast moving insects would be useful for perceiving distant objects and the eyelets nearer the centre of the cluster, single or combined with its neighbor- eyelet, but unable to receive the same rays as the opposite cluster for near lateral objects only. The movements of the Cicindela indicate the use of the peripheral eyelets for a clearer perception of objects. When approached sideways they do not move as quickly away, but turn their front or back towards the approaching object evidently for a clearer inspection. But there is another habit to be considered: one can observe the Cicindela for quite a length of time without alarming the insect, but as soon as you move its motions signalize that you are seen. When they are in motion, or the object is in motion, they evidently see quicker. When we look at the sun or other brightly illuminated object and turn our eyes toward a dark surface or close our eyes, we see a number of those bright objects which appear even after we annihilate the images by opening our eyes and closing them again; or, in other words, the retina retains for a certain time the images received. If we admit the existence of the law of the retinal retention of images in the arthropod as well as in the vertebrate eye, the photographer may demonstrate the production of a continued image in the eye clusters by the successive momentary exposure of a fast moving animal to the photographic plates and the effect of the moving series of pictures on our eyes when viewed through a small hole in a piece of pasteboard. We see then only one image of the animal in lively motion. When the image of a moving object falls successively on the retinula of a row of eyelets, or when the insect is in motion exposing the retina of a row of eyelets to the image of an object at rest the eflect must be the same. These are certainly all merely presumptions based on the physiological actions of the vertebrate eye. but I do not see any reason to doubt that the laws and facts of vision in thfe insect eye be based on different princi- ples. The structure of the compound eye is so different, that one might doubt whether insects see at all or see multiple images or only small parts 100 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, of an object, but by applying the retinal compensation and the retention of images a great many otherwise incomprehensible points may become reasonably clear, notwithstanding that we do not know for certain the locality of the projected image as we do on the retina of the vertebrate eye. We surely must be convinced by even the most superficial obser- vation that insects see, and see very sharply. It may be even pardonable to presume that insects are not color blind, and that not merely shades direct their motions. Accessory assistance by touch or other senses, even mental co-opera- tion ought not, in my opinion, be excluded or flatly denied. Moreover, to call, as some pretentious pastors do, the non-meaning term "instinct" to the assistance of science, is simply covering ignorance and indolence, " denn wo Begriffe fehlen da stellt zur recten Zeit ein Wort sich ein." — Goethe's Faust. Remark. — Those who have had opportunity to observe blind cave in- sects and the effect of light on them could furnish valuable suggestions on that subject. -o- LARVA OF ORNEODES. By H. G. DYAR. I am able to add a reference to the Orneodidae to my article in the February number of the NEWS, pages 38-40. The larvae were received just too late to make the correction. From the larval characters, Orneodes hexadactyla belongs to the most typical section of the microlepidoptera. I have received also a number of larvae of Pterophoridae. Some of them possess the characters of the micros, so that my super-families Micro- lepidoptera and Anthrocerina are not sharply separated. This indicates that the Orneodidae and Pterophoridae are not so very distantly related. I have also before me the larva of Heterogynis paradoxa. As it is an exposed feeder, it has lost the circle of hooks on the pro- legs and possesses the structure of the " Macrolepidoptera." Nevertheless, the larval setae show it to belong to the micros, as do also the characters of venation. This number contains thirty-six pages. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS for February, was mailed January 31, 1895. co CO o I H u. O > DC O 2 LU Q LU O UJ tc LU UJ Z O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION, ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. VOL. vr. APRIL, 1895. No. 4. CONTENTS: Webster — Thomas Say 101 Hulst— North American Geometrina in European collections 103 Ottolengui — Aberration, variety, race and form 107 Fall— Aphodius rugifrons 108 Slingerland— A curious hammock and its maker 109 Skinner— Notes on Rhopalocera, with descriptions of new species 112 Horn— Vesperoctenus flohri Bates 114 Editorial 116 Economic Entomology 118 Notes and News 1 23 Entomological Literature 125 Doings of Societies 130 Entomological Section 131 Coquillett — A new Volucella from Wash- ington 131 THOMAS SAY.-IV. By Prof. F. M. WEBSTER, Ohio. The vault in which are deposited all that remains of the ' ' Father of American Entomology," with the monument erected to his memory by Alexander Maclure, brother of William Maclure, is located in the rear of the house in which Thomas Say breathed his last on Oct. 10, 1834, and which was shown in the illustration in the March number of the NEWS. The view of the vault and monument here presented is taken from Main Street and looking slightly south of west. The monument is of white marble, about six feet in height, the sculpture being sufficiently indicated by the engraving. It was erected in 1846, twelve years after the death of Say, by Alexander Maclure, at the request of his brother William, and bears the following inscriptions : EAST FACE. Thomas Say. The Naturalist. Born in Philadelphia, July 27, 1787. Died at New Harmony, October 10, 1834. SOUTH FACE. One of the founders of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, January 25, 1812. 102 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, WEST FACE. The friend and companion of William Maclure, whose surviving brother erected this monument. 1846 — A.M. NORTH FACE. Votary of Nature even from a child, He sought her presence in the trackless wild ; To him the shell, the insect, and the flower Were bright and cherished emblems of her power. In her he saw a spirit all divine, And worshipped like a pilgrim at her shrine. The vault is of brick, arched, and entirely covered over with earth and grassy sward, its dimensions being about twelve by fourteen feet, the length extending from north to south, and the monument standing at the north end. The elevation of the mound is about three feet, while the excavation below ground is about six feet. Along the two sides and north end of this crypt, on the inside, there extend two platforms or terraces of solid brickwork, and on those on the east and west sides are deposited the remains of Alexander Maclure, Anna Maclure, and Margaret Maclure, brother arid sisters of William Maclure, while on one of those on the north end, and nearest to the monument, are slowly mouldering away the mortal remains of Thomas Say, they having been disinterred and brought from their original resting-place in the cemetery by Mr. Maclure, at present represented by the bones only, all else being in a state of complete decay. Until within a year the vault contained also the remains of Mr. David Dale Owen, but these have recently been removed and interred in a cemetery near New Harmony. Very few persons have ever had an opportunity of viewing the inside of this crypt, and for a description, as well as a number of other points of information in this series of sketches, I am indebted to my esteemed friend, Mr. John B. Elliott, of New Harmony. The writer will never forget a most impressive and beautiful view of the tomb and monument witnessed by him on a bright frosty morning in late November several years ago. As the guest of Colonel and Mrs Owen, he was assigned a room looking out upon the grounds included in the accompanying engraving. The night had been clear and frosty, the crystals forming thickly over every exposed object and increasing the dimensions of the 1 895.] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 103 slender twigs and kindered objects until they appeared several times magnified. On throwing back the shutters in the early morning the whole area — the tomb and monument especially, as appeared to me, were shrouded in purest white, thickly bespan- gled over with the most brilliant jewels of silver and gold — a fitting mantle, I thought, for the pure and unselfish man who slept 90 calmly and peacefully beneath its folds. o NOTES ON TYPES OF NORTH AMERICAN GEOMETRINA IN EUROPEAN COLLECTIONS.— V. By GEO. D. HULST. (Continued from page 73, vol. vi, ENT. NEWS) Patridava tensaria Wlk. 1689, is Tornos approximaria Pack, and is the same as Exelis pyrolaria Gn. i, 324. Tornos infuma- taria Grt. , the type in the Museum is the same species. Lepiodes scohpacinaria Gn. i, 360, is Tornos rubiginosus Morr. Scotosia inexplicata Wlk. 1722, is a Noctuid upon the author- ity of Mr. Hampson, and I agree with him. The type lacks one front wing, and is otherwise in poor condition. Mr. Butler writes me : ' ' I have placed it tentatively in the genus Anarta, which it much resembles in pattern." Apicia denticiilata Wlk. Sup. 1544, is also a Noctuid. "It is the rusty form of Pleonectyptera pyralis Hbn., previously de- scribed by Walker as irrecta, and by Grote as geometralis." Mr. Hampton called my attention to the species, and Dr. Butler independently wrote me concerning it, and gave the synonym which I quote. Cidaria rigidata Wlk. 1727, is a synonym of Antidea vasaliata Gn. ii, 407. Cidaria explagiata Wlk. 1728, Larentia ardica Zell., Geomeira albimacularia Frey, and Cidaria fulvida Butler are put by Mr. Warren as synonymous of Perizoma t&niata Steph. There is probably some mistake here. Walker, in his description, says his type is from Nova Scotia. If I am not mistaken in my notes, the Museum type is from St. Petersburgh, Russia. Drepanodes siculata Gn. i, 67, is the same as D. pcrizonala Hulst. Apicia junduraria Gn. i, 88, is Drepanodes effascinaria Hulst. Apicia incopularia Gn. i, 89, is the same species. 104 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, Apicia spinitaria Gn. i, 85, is a South American insect, which I do not believe was ever taken in North America. It is, I think, an undoubted error in locality. Metrocampa prtegrandaria Gn. i, 128, is the same as M. per- lata Gn., and has priority on the page. EHopia placearia Gn. i, 132, is very near to Tetrads nielli tu- laria Hulst. The latter is at best a variety. Eurymene emargitaria Gn. i, 145, is the same as E. arrogaria Hulst, and is not E. fervidaria H.-Sch. The type of Metanema forficaria Gn. i, 112, is lost. I have little doubt it is the same as Tetrads cegrotata Gn. The type ot Timandra viridipcnnaria may also be lost. It ought, by color, to be easily identified, but I cannot locate it. It may possibly be Nemoria pistacearia Gn., or N. tepperaria Hulst. The type of Bronchelia dendraria Gn. is lost, but there is no doubt that it is a variety of B. hortaria. Tephrosia amplana Wlk. 405, is the same species, as is also Bronchelia disserptaria Wlk. 451. Tephrina muscariata Gn. ii, 98, is Semiothisa delectata Hulst. Selidosema fceminaria ii, 149, is not a synonym or variety of 6*. juturnaria Gn. ii, 147, but a dark form of Tephrosia celalaria Hulst. Aspilates sigmaria Gn. ii, 184, and Ellopia aniusaria Wlk. 1507, are the same as Eufitchia ribearia Fitch. Eupitheda subapicata Gn. ii, 331, is the same as E. ocddentalis Pack. Melanippe iduata Gn. ii, 403, is Rheumaptera fluctuata L. The type of Coremia convallaria Gn. ii, 410, is lost. It seems to me it must be Ochyria lignicolorata Pack, from the description. The existence of the three rows of black points seems conclusive. The type of Coremia plebeculata Gn. ii. 417, is lost. I feel certain, however, it is the same as Ochyria carneata Pack. Spargania magnoliata Gn. ii, 455, is one with Qlaucopteryx cumulatilis Grt. Cidaria mandpata Gn. ii, 468, is probably Petrophora leoninata Pack. The type is lost. The type of Eubolia custodiata Gn. ii, 491, is lost. The following species, accidently overlooked by me while at the Museum, were determined for me by Dr. Butler, and they have been given their places in the body of this article : 1 895.] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 105 Tephrina retectata Wlk. 959 = = Psamatodes eremiata Gn. Cid- aria albopimctata Morr. - - Caripeta divisata Wlk. I had already determined this from the description. Aspilates intermicata Wlk. 1076= A. pervaria Pack. Ennomos concisaria Wlk. 1551 : Endropia serrata Dru. This also I had located from the de- scription. Camptogramma abruptata Wlk. - = Semiothisa gran- itafa Gn. Dr. Butler also informs me there may be types of the Canada species of the D' Urban collection in the Albert Memorial Museum at Exeter, where Mr. D' Urban was curator. The following species of Walker I was not able to find in the Museum, nor do their names appear in the very complete manu- script catalogue of the collection : Addalia arcticaria, 1594; A. suppressaria, 1594; A. indusaria, 1596; A. albifera, List Sup., 1625; Aspilates abbreviata, List 1673 ; A. donotaria, 1674 ; Stegania quadrinotata, 1759 ; Teph- rina pervelata , 1 7 60. The following species of Walker, described from D' Urban col- lection, are probably lost. They were given to the Entomo- logical Society of Ontario, and were in its possession in 1876. Somehow since, they have disappeared and are almost surely destroyed by Dermestes. These were described in the "Cana- dian Naturalist," vols. v and vi, and about the same time in the British Museum List. The references are to the list : Cleora tinctaria, 486 ; Boarmia convergaria, 488 ; B. ejectaria, 489 ; Macaria spilosaria, 1641. As said above, B. convergaria and B. ejectaria were declared by Mr. Grote to be synonyms, though he did not state of what species. As he made reference in this remark to six species, Cleora tinctaria and M. spilosaria may have been included. Through an accidental overlooking of the types which may not exist, in the case of those of Guenee, I did not see the fol- lowing : Boarmia divinaria Gn. Phal. i, 245 ; Tephrina sabularia Gn. ii, 205 : Phibalapteryx Jioridaia Wlk. 1719; Pscudosiona taylorata Butler. The following were described from colored pictures of Abbott, and may yet be identified : Boarmia porcellaria Gn. Phal. i, 252 ; Ceratoyiyx satanaria Gn. i, 194- 106 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, The following I have not been able to positively identify, and cannot locate the types, if indeed they exist : Phalcena bicolorata Fabr. Sup. 149-150 ; Oporabia punctipes Curtis, Appen. Ross' 2nd voy. p. 73 ; Phasiane cruciata Grt. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1883, p. 55 ; Hydriomena transversata Kelli- cott, Buff. Bull., vol. v, 45, 1886; Pryocycla johnsonaria Fitch, N. Y. Reports, xiii, 530. Of these O. punctipes is almost certainly Glaricopteryx polata ; of P. cruciata I have lately seen the type and is one with P. curvata Grt. H. transversata is probably H. truncata. The type is lost. P. johnsonaria is almost certainly Endropia bilinearia Pack, and antedates it. The following are shown in colored figures, but I feel uncer- tain about them : Phal&na virginiaria Cram., vol. iii, p. 275, f. G; Arrhoslia himenaria Hub. , Zutr. f. 757-758 ; Hypargytis pustularia Hub., f. 103-104; Dysstroma morpsata Hub., 879-880; Petrophora divisata Hiib. , Ex. Schm., Lep. v, Pet. B, Flavae a ; Eidepidotis alabastaria Hiib., f. 311-312 ; LarentiaprofugariaH.-Sch. Auseu. Schm., f. 410-411. P. virginiaria looks like Bronchelia hortaria ; A. himenaria is very probably Ephyra pendulinaria Gn. ; H. pustularia is likely Eumacaria brunneatia Pack. D. morosata may not be from the United States, as the locality is given as " Nord Amerika." E. aJabastaria may be Acidalia enucleata Guen. Mr. Warren has quite a number of new species from North America in the British Museum collection. They have type labels and manuscript names upon them, but have not yet been described. I have made no mention of them in these notes, as they have as yet no scientific standing. The most of them are synonyms of already described species, and with one or two exceptions none have, I think, anything more than varietal standing. THE youth of Germany, Jaeger says, are extremely fond of Field- crickets, so much so, that there is scarcely a boy to be seen who has not several small boxes made expressly for keeping these insects in. So much delighted are they, too, with their music, that they carry these boxes of crickets into their bed-rooms at night, and are soothed to sleep with their chirping lullaby. — Life of Amer. Ins., p. 114. 1 895.] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 107 ABERRATION, VARIETY, RACE and FORM. By Dr. RODRIGUES OTTOLENGUI. (Continued from page 80, vol. vi, ENT. NEWS.) Professor Packard argues against increasing the burden of nomenclature ; but there is good reason why names should be given, if they could only be attributed intelligently. Let us suppose that a man breeds an insect and produces from the larvae two distinct forms — one typical and the other sufficiently numer- ous in proportion to the whole brood that it is assured to be a variety rather than an aberration. According to Prof. Smith and Dr. Skinner, it would be best not to name this new variety, because it is known positively, despite its extreme difference in appearance, to what species it belongs. He therefore merely reports his work without assigning a name. Fifty years after him a student discovers a form, new to him, and not in the col- lections of his acquaintances. He cannot be held responsible for not knowing what the first man wrote, for he might be unable to obtain the work in which the record was made. He would, therefore, be tempted to consider it a new species. If, however, the first man named his variety the name would always appear in our check lists, and the student would instantly know that his supposed new form might be but a variety, and with the name in the check list to suggest such a search he would look for the record and find it. I think that names should be given to all distinct and permanently occurring forms for this reason. In the matter of varieties, if there is only the typical and one extreme form, the latter being more abundant than any of the intergrades, then I would name the extremes, because they, the typical and the extreme, could always be dissociated from the intergrades, and thus represent something distinctive. Where there are several distinct forms, which can be dissociated from the inter- grades, then each distinct form should receive a varietal name regardless of the existence of intergrades. The local race should also receive a name, for it is very close to a new species in the order of evolution. Dimorphic and sexual forms should receive names to indicate to the student that they belong to a known species. Aberrations should rarely receive a name until found in suffi- cient numbers to indicate that the prophecy of a forthcoming variety might be fulfilled. I think examples of opposite sexes, though only one of each were found, would suffice for this. 108 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, APHODIUS RUGIFRONS. By H. C. FALL. Among the species of Aphodius occurring in So. California, A. rugifrons is, in several respects, peculiar. Unlike every other species of the genus with which I am acquainted, the approach of Winter rather than of Spring is the signal for its appearance. Like Pleocoma, it should be sought immediately after the first considerable rainfall in November or December. For several years I have at this season taken examples of this species, but as it is called for by every eastern collector with whom I have exchanged, the supply has never equaled the demand. The past season I determined to make special effort to renew my stock, and began to look for it as early as the latter part of October. As I anticipated, however, not an individual appeared until the first rain of consequence, which occurred December 5-8. A search through the garden on the gth revealed dozens of specimens ; almost every small object lying on the surface sheltered one or more, while the numerous little openings in the damp soil showed the manner of their advent. In colora- tion the elytra are normally yellow with black markings, but about one example in ten is entirely piceous. The size also varies, unusually . 10 to . 15 inch, the smallest specimens being in this respect inferior to every other species in our fauna. In addition to the above it may be remarked that never in my experience have the beetles been seen on the wing, nor have they ever been found in situations usual to the species of the genus. The limited geographical range, time of appearance, small size, retiring habits and brief stay, are factors which have com- bined to make rugifrons up to this time a rarity in collections. Besides rugifrons, I have taken in So. California granarius, lividus, alfernatus, rubidiis, militarts, pardalis and luxatus. With the exception of granarius and mibidus, none are at all common, while lividus and pardalis, so far as I know, have not been re- corded from this section. A VERY pretty species of Cetoniidae, the Agestrata luconica, is of a fine brilliant metallic-green, and found in the Philippine Islands. These tht- ladies of Manilla keep as pets in small bamboo cages, and carry them wheresoever they may go. — Baird's Cyclop. Nat. Set., London, 1858. 1895-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. A CURIOUS HAMMOCK AND ITS MAKER. Corisciiim cuculipennellum Hiibner. By M. V. SLINGERLAND, Ithaca, N. Y. In 1890 I noticed that several of the leaves on a young ash tree near my office window had been rolled into peculiar cones by some insect. The same year, while reading- that quaint and charming little volume on " Insect Transformations," written by Rennie three-score years before, I found, on page 324, an inter- esting account (from Bonnet) of this or a similar ingenious cone- maker. This account led me to study the insect more closely, with the results given below. I succeeded in rearing some of the adult insects in July, 1891. In the figure A is shown one of the grayish fuscous moths, about three times natural size ; the markings on the wings are of a dark-brown color. A specimen was sent to Dr. Fernald, who finally decided (in January, 1893) that it was a new species ; and he gave it the manuscript name of Coriscium slingerlandella. Anyone whose name has thus been applied to some insect can understand the peculiar interest with which I then looked upon the little creature. But Dr. Fernald had sent one of my moths to Lord Walsingham in February, 1892. Nearly a year later, and about a month after Dr. Fernald had named the moth, word came from Lord Walsingham that the insect was identical with one of Hiibner' s species, cuculipennellum. Dr. Fernald has called attention to the fact that the insect had never been ob- served in this country before ("Canadian Entomologist," xxv, 196). It was with a slight twinge of regret that I relabeled my specimens with the equally long name, and proceeded to search the literature for some account of its habits which might sup- plement my observations. I found that Ragonot had given a detailed account of its life-history in 1873 (Bull, de Soc. Ent. de France, pp. 166-168). The following account of the life-history of this curious ham- mock-maker is drawn from my observations and from the accounts of Rennie and Ragonot : The pretty little moths emerge in the latter part of Summer or early Fall and doubtless hibernate. They come forth in the Spring and "deposit a single egg upon the upper surface of the leaf by the side of the mid-rib near the tip. A week or ten days later the larva leaves the egg and no ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, introduces itself under the epidermis. Directing itself towards the petiole, it mines a long and straight gallery the length of the nerve. The cast skin which it de- i i taches is extremely fine, shining and silvery, resembling the trace ot a slug. The pale redish-brown ex- crement is scattered in the mine. Arriving at the petiole, the larva ascends near the edge and suddenly enlarges its mine in the form of a plate, and the edge of the leaf is curved up and rolled. Soon it is no longer contented with ruminating in the leaf, and attacks it FIG. A. directly, devouring tion of its habita the leaf. This comes too narrow upon another leaf.' ' it begins at the tip obliquely into a the whole leaf is in the figure C ; portion of it, as in served the mining but the curious ous objects among FIG. B. a considerable por- tion at the. edge of lodging soon be- for it, and it goes (Ragonot). Here and rolls the leaf cone. Sometimes involved, as shown but usually only a B. I have never ob- habits of the insect, cones are conspicu- the normal foliage in June (in August in France). The larva continues to feed upon the edges of the leaf that are rolled into the interior of its conical home. About June 15 the larva reaches ma- turity, and is then from 8-10 mm. long, and of a light yellowish flesh color, greenish dorsally, the head a little darker than the body, and the mouth-parts brownish. It has four pairs of pro-legs borne by the third, fourth, fifth and tenth abdominal segments. The segments are considerably wrinkled, and the whole body is sparsely clothed with quite long whitish hairs. In its preparation to transform one must ad- mire the larva's foresight and intelligence. It first eats almost through the leaf over a small round area, taking care to leave only the outer epidermis of the leaf, and thus forms FIG. C. 1 8Q5-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Ill a little window, scarcely larger than a pin's head. This epidermal window-pane serves to keep out all foes, and, as we shall see later, facilitates the emergence of the moth. Within its capacious one-windowed chamber it now proceeds to build its hammock, within which it changes to a pupa. The walls of the cone- like home have been cut away in C to show this pupal hammock. No one has seen the larva swing this hammock. But it is proba- bly accomplished by first spinning a single-cable bridge of several silken threads from a point near the window to another point, sufficiently distant, on the opposite wall of the chamber. When satisfied that this silken cable is well anchored at each end, the larva doubtless stretches itself along the cable near the centre, with its head toward the window, and then proceeds to spin about itself a silken hammock — its cocoon. The cocoon is white in color, and has several ribs running its whole length. The pupa rests in its silken hammock for nearly a month; then, with the aid of a beak-shaped projection on its head, it tears open the end of the cocoon, and the window is soon reached. One cannot but marvel at the foresight of the little larva in making this window, then fastening one hammock rope at its edge, and, finally, always getting into the hammock with its head toward the window. The beaked head of the pupa soon bursts through the window-pane and projects itself half-way out of the opening, and soon the pretty moth emerges and flits away to find some secure hiding place for the Winter. Some of the conical homes containing the pupal hammocks became dry and hard in my cages, and the pupae were then unable to break through the window. When I broke some of the windows the moths emerged freely. Thus the little windows are made pri- marily for the purpose of facilitating the emergence of the adult insect. And, as Rennie says, " In order to render this little door easy to be found, the caterpillar, as if foreseeing that the blind pupa could not otherwise discover it, fixes one of the suspensory threads near its margin, guided by which the insect makes its exit with the utmost ease, for the head is uniformly swung up by the door thread." Hiibner found the cones on Privet ; I have thus far seen them only on Ash. There is apparently but one brood of the insect in a year. Each year, as I look from my office window and see a few of these peculiar cones on the Ash tree, I am more and more impressed with the almost human intelligence displayed by this little hammock-maker. 112 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, Notes on Rhopalocera, with Descriptions of New Species. By DR. HENRY SKINNER, Philadelphia, Pa. We have in our lists a number of species which are stragglers from other faunae, and among them some that are supposed to be improperly credited to our fauna. Mr. Edwards, in his cata- logue published in 1884, gives a list of these. I have in my collection a specimen of Papilio cresphontinus Martyn, ' ' Psyche, ' ' t. 3, fig. 8, t. 4_, fig. 10 (1797). This was taken at Key West, Fla. The" species'-is well figured in the " History of Cuba," by Sagra. I have also recently had sent to me for identification a species of Kricogomia described in the " Biologia Centrali- Arnericana," under the name of iinicolor. It is described by. Godman and Salvin as follows: Alis Sulphureo-flavis unicoloribus, subtus (praeter dimidio anticarum basali aurantio) pallidioribus et sericeis ; linea longitudinal! mediana albida. The specimen came from Comal County, Texas. I have also had direct from its collector a specimen of Victorina steneles taken in Blanco County, Texas, in November, 1894. Lyccena xerccs Boisd., which was supposed to be extinct, has been recently taken in California. I have received a pair in exchange, but was not informed of the exact locality where they were caught. Thecla sarita n. sp. — Upperside of all wings immaculate ; fringes white. The hind wings each have a delicate tail about one-eighth inch in length, black, with a distinct white tip which is about one-fourth the entire length of the tail. The costa at the base is reddish brown. All wings are a dark purple color like some of our species of Chrysophanus ; this color is brighter in the centre of the wings, the remainder being blackish. There is a projection of the wing at the anal angle which might also be called a tail. Underside of all wings bright green ; the superiors have a narrow, bright, silver stripe extending from the costa to about third median nervule ; this stripe runs parallel to and about one-eighth inch from the exterior margin. The lower half of the superior wing is light gray. There is a similar silver stripe on the inferiors, extending from the costa to the anal angle ; this stripe is swollen in the middle and becomes very narrow, and on reaching the border of the wings bends at an acute angle and runs to the abdominal margin, thus forming a V. There is a distinct border to the inferior wing about an eighth of an inch wide, the inner line of the border being covered with bluish-silver and red scales, the border itself being composed of red scales and spots on a gray back- ground. The projection at the anal angle has on it a round red spot, partly surrounded by white. The purple upperside and the bright green below with the silver bands make this a very distinct and beautiful species. It expands about one and one-eighth inches. ISQ5-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 113 Described from one specimen, a £ , received from Mr. F. Rauterberg, who has kindly permitted me to retain the type, which came from Comal County, Texas. Melitaea neumoegeni n. sp. or var. — The specimens were received some time ago from Mr. Neumoegen and have been in my collection and his under the manuscript name above given. Male. Expands one and a half inches. Upperside : all wings bright brick-red, fringes white, alter- nating with black at the nerve endings. The wings are edged by a very narrow black line, and just inside of this and very close to it is another line of like character. The superiors have comparatively few markings, and these are faint. In the cell are two rings, and at the end of cell a black irregular line running from the costa ; beyond this is another line of similar character, and there are a number of yellowish lunule-like markings at the tip. The inferiors are marked in a similar way; but there is considerable black at the base of the wing. Underside : the superiors practically as above, but all markings less distinct, except at the apices, where there are four or five distinct white spots, and below these, on the margin, two more. The inferiors, as in J\f. gabbii, with silvery-white spots, but the intervening spots are brick-red and with no black of any moment, The females are larger and present the usual differences found in the genus. It is difficult to accurately describe species of Melitcra, but this one differs from other species in its peculiar color and the paucity of markings, especially on the superiors below. Described from three specimens in my own collection and from several in the late Mr. Neumoegen' s. In the list it would prob- ably stand next to M. gabbii. From Utah. Elldamus protillus rauterbergi n. var. rf.— Expands one and three-fourths inches. Upperside : dark smoky-brown in color ; the superiors have nine hyaline spots, a faint one on middle of costa, and three extending in a line between this and the inner angle ; one in middle of disc and a faint one in the interspace above ; three are close together below tin- costa on the outer third of wing. Inferiors immaculate, with tails a half inch in length. Fringes alternating black and cinereous. Underside : superiors as above. Inferiors grayish with blackish longitudinal bands. This form is smaller and very much darker than Protillus ; the fringes are far less marked, and the tails lack the admixture of light hairs ; the maculation is about the same, but in all other ways there is much dif- ference. One specimen from Mr. F. Rauterberg, who received it from Comal County, Texas. I have also seen a specimen belonging to Dr. Wm. Barnes, taken in Arizona. Amblyscirtes celia n. sp. -f.— Expands one and one-eighth inches Upperside: dark smoky-brown, almost black; fringes alternating black 114 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, and cinereous. Superiors have the usual three small spots on outer third of wing extending in a row from costa ; there is a row of small yellowish white spots running across the centre of the wing in a line with the apex and middle of the interior margin ; they vary in number in different specimens from none to four or five. Inferiors immaculate. Underside: superiors practically as above. Inferiors very finely mottled with light gray scales and showing in centre of the wings a number of small, indistinct whitish spots. The sexes are alike, except in the usual difference in size and the female having less of the central spots on superiors above. This species is dark as in via/is, nysa, samoset and textor, and in markings nearest to ukl kill them off, except in a few snug corners, where I did what was needtul. The locusts were exterminated, and less than $5000 spent ; but I got no thanks." Now, with all due regard to Mr. Reed, he should have taken some lessons in the United States in order to have managed this matter properly, to the advantage of economic entomology, and to make a great man of himself. After he discovered that the climate would kill off all the locusts, except in a few snug corners, he should have kept this 1895-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. I 19 knowledge carefully to himself; he should have used all sorts of materials for experimental purposes in those places where the climate would havu killed them off anyway, and he should have spent every cent of the money, carefully avoiding those snug corners. Then, next year he should have pointed with pride to the fact that wherever he had been and had tried his experiments that there no locusts appeared, and that only where he had not made applications the insects again appeared the following year. The facts would have been incontrovertible and Mr. Reed would have made a reputation that would have lasted the balance of his life, and would have had, besides, the pleasure of expending a snug little fortune. Mr. Reed is undoubtedly a good entomologist in more wa\s than one, but in our own country I am afraid that he would be considered as sadly behind the times. Chinch-bugs Again. — Bulletin No. 37 of the Minnesota Experiment Sta- tion furnishes another chapter in the history of experiments against this insec':. Dr. Lugger makes substantially the same recommendations for fighting the insects that are made by Prof. Forbes, and he also has had some experience with the " white muscardine." In giving the experience on the Experiment Station Farm, Dr. Lugger shows that the disease appeared there and spread with exceedingly great rapidity during a spell of suitable — that is, wet weather, and that the recurrence of dry, warm weather checked the disease and prevented its further spread. This is, of course, in accordance with the observations made elsewhere. He finds further, however, that after distributing a great lot of insects covered with the fungus to many different points in Minnesota that there were out- breaks of the disease, in some cases sufficient to check further injury. It is admitted that these outbreaks were so extensive that it seemed almost unreasonable to ascribe them to the infestation introduced by the dead bugs ; but, on the other hand, is seems that only where these insects were introduced was there any appearance of the disease. All this evi- dence is interesting, and all runs towards a single direction. It will prove without question a good thing to distribute the disease and to introduce it into all parts of the country where the chinch-bug occurs in injurious numbers ; but, having done this, we have done nearly all that it is pos- sible to do. Nature must do the rest — that is to say, it depends then upon the character of the season and upon the meteorological conditions as to whether or not there will be a development of the disease sufficient to do practical good. Again we note a tendency to recommend farm practice and methods of cultivation as remedial — or rather preventive measures — and I feel very certain that the more the insects are studied in the field, and the more we know of their feeding and hibernating habits the more these methods will come into use for preventing injury from insects. I am convinced that in the course of another decade measures against insects will be quite different in their character from those prac- ticed at the present time. I2O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, The Potato Stalk Borer.— This species, Trichobaris trinotata Say, has been unusually abundant in some parts of New Jersey during the season of 1894. Some parts of Pennsylvania also have been troubled, and among them the vicinity of Germantown — the locality from which the very first reports of injury from this insect were ever received as far back as the days of Harris and Fitch. The insect has been much more troublesome in the Western States than it has been in the East heretofore, and, curi- I895-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 121 ously enough, none of the collections accessible to me three or four years ago had a single New Jersey specimen of this species, so that I could not list it among those found in New Jersey. The figures herewith given show a series of vines eaten out by the larva — a series of vines cut at the base 122 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, to show the location of the pupa-cell and drawings of the larva, pupa, and imago. Practically, the insect can be dealt with rather easily. It remains in the vines throughout the Winter, as a rule, or at least remains in them until they are dead and dried. Burning the vines as soon as the potatoes are harvested results in destroying all the beetles. Where vines become infested moderately only— that is, not more than three or four larvae to a vine — the liberal application of readily soluble fertilizers will stimulate the plants, so that it will make and mature a crop in spite of the injury done by the insects. Legislation Against Injurious Insects.— Bulletin No. 33 of the Division of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture, treats of this subject at some length, giving the full text of all the laws heretofore passed on the subject, and in addition some of the decisions of the courts upon the laws. It appears from this Bulletin that eleven States have passed laws more or 'less completely covering the subject, British Columbia being included in this enumeration. In Missouri, Kansas, Minnesota, and Nebraska grasshoppers alone form the subject of legislation. In Cali- fornia legislation is most thorough and covers the entire subject. Oregon, Washington and Idaho, as well as British Columbia, have tolerably com- plete provisions. The New Jersey Act is intended to be comprehensive ; but at present writing has not yet succeeded in passing the gauntlet of House, Senate, and Governor and becoming actually effective. Foul Brood has become the subject of legislative action in New York and in Utah, and, if the present agitation continues, something will prob- ably be done in New Jersey. Most of the opposition in New Jersey comes from the farmers themselves and practically from one section of the country, where the insect question has not forced itself upon them very strongly from the nature of their agriculture. Peculiarly enough, how- ever, that very section which opposes general legislation suffers from "Foul Brood," and is very anxious to obtain legislative action on this particular subject. It affords a very pretty illustration of human nature, and it shows that it always depends upon whose ox is gored as to whether or not it becomes necessary to take active measures. It will become interesting if, in the future, we can obtain reports from the various States in which laws exist as to their workings. I have fol- lowed with some interest developments in New York State on the Black Knot question, and was a great deal amused on one occasion in talking with a farmer to have him declare that if it was anywhere within his power the law would be enforced and he would see to it that no black knots existed in his vicinity. A little later, strolling through his place, I ran across a clump of old cherry trees on a hillside that were simply covered with black knot, and I was further interested later on when I asked him whether he knew of the existence of any such fungus on his place that he asserted in the most positive way that nothing of that kind could be found anywhere within his domains. 1895-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 123 Notes and Newrs. ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE. [The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NKWS solicit, and will thankfully receive items of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author's name will be given in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] To Contributors.— All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfei- ence, as to make it necessary to put " copy1' into the hands of the printer, for each number, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or im- portant matter for certain issue. Twenty-five "extras" without change in form will be given free when they are wanted, and this should be so stated on the MS. along with the number desired. The receipt of ali papers will be acknowledged. — ED. THK CHILIAN MARGARODES. — I expect we shall have to call this insect (see p. 86) Margarodes vitas after all, notwithstanding Philippi's strange mistake regarding its nature ; but if we agree to reject the name z'i/is, we still cannot accept that now proposed by Mr. E. C. Reed, since Giard described the species last year as /]/. vitiinn. — T. D. A. COCKERELI,. WASPS IN ENGLAND. — On pages 284 and 334 of the last volume of ' Insect Life," reference was made to the extraordinary abundance of wasps in Great Britain during the Summer of 1893, the result probably of the long-continued dry weather of the Spring of that year. Mr. Henry Cullum. of Utah, has recently sent a clipping from the II esteni Daily Press, of Bristol, England, dated June 27, 1894, in which the statement is made that the Chew Magna Horticultural Society en- deavored to reduce the plague by offering the present season a reward of 6d. per dozen for queen wasps delivered dead to the Society. Over two thousand had been sent in up to the date of the publication, and the editor of the Press advocated the adoption of this plan by other hoi ticul- tural and agricultural societies throughout the kingdom. • DIASPIS LANATUS — AMYGDALi. — Mr. Maskell writes that he has examined Diaspis amygdali Try-on, 1889, on peach from Queensland, and finds it to be the same species as D. lanatus Morg. and Ckll., 1891. He says : 'The only differences which I can detect are the very, very slightly less incised terminal \obesofamygdati, and a very small increase in the num- ber of spinnerets in some specimens." I have never seen authentic ainyg- dali ; but in the Kept. Dept. Agriculture for 1893, amygdali is stated to be distinct from /anafus, differing in size, color of 9 scale, and method of work. Nevertheless, I am strongly inclined to agree with Mr. M.iskell that the species called amygdali and lanatus are all one, the apparent differences being only varietal. The species which must be called D. amygdali is now known from the following countries : United States, West Indies, Australia, Ceylon and Japan. The positive evidence of its occurrence in Japan is derived from an examination of specimens collected by Mr. Takahashi, and sent to me by Mr. Howard. More detail will be given on this point hereafter. — T. D. A. COCKERELL. 124 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, PENTACANTHA IN NEW YORK. — Mr. R. H. Pettit has taken two males of ^L. pentacantha Ramb. at Baldwinsville, Onondaga County, N. Y., in June. The species was previously known, I believe, only from Texas, Louisiana and southern Illinois. — N. BANKS. AN EARLY SUGGESTION OF A MODERN PLAN. — The appointment of Mr. Albert Koebele by the Hawaiian government for the purpose of collect- ing and bringing to Hawaii beneficial insects which will prey upon injuri- ous species, referred to in a recent number of. " Insect Life," was the direct outcome of the success of certain recent experiments in this direc- tion. The idea of the employment of predatory and predacous species in this way is an old one, but just how old we hardly realized until we saw in the " Entomologist's Record" for August, 1894, a little review by F. J. Buckell, of Linnaeus' " Amcenitates Academicae," which, though bearing the name of Linnaeus, was written by one of his pupils, Andrew John Bladh. In this "entomological antique," as Mr. Buckell calls it, the following suggestion is made : "If we understood how to apply insects properly, we might use them as we do cats against mice, and by attending to the design of Nature, prevent much damage." THE timely suggestion in the February NEWS with reference to the erection of a monument to Thomas Say in Philadelphia is a most ex- cellent one, and to some extent anticipates another which I had intended to make on closing the Say sketches. It would, it seems to me, be a very proper thing to do if the entomologists of America were to donate a trifle each and erect a neat iron fence about the resting-place of Say at New Harmony. The present owner of the premises, Mrs. Richard Owen and her sons, I am very sure, would be more than pleased to grant per- mission for its erection. A very small amount contributed by each ento- mologist would suffice to erect a substantial and appropriate iron fence, enclosing an area of 20 x 24 feet. I can, if desired, secure permission for erection, and get estimates of cost of same and erection, I would sug- gest that the editor and associate editor of the NEWS, the editors of " Psyche" and the " Canadian Entomologist" be considered a committee to receive (and solicit if necessary) funds for this purpose. F. M. \YEBSTER. Identification of Insects (Jmagos) for Subscribers. Specimens will be named under the following conditions : ist, The number of species to be limited to twenty-five for each sending ; 2d, The sender to pay all expenses of trans- portation and the insects to become the property of the American Entomological Society ; 3d, Each specimen must have a number attached so that the identification may be an- nounced accordingly. Exotic species named only by special arrangement with the Editor, who should be consulted before specimens are sent. Send a 2 cent stamp with all insects for return of names. Before sending insects for identification, read page 41, Vol. III. Address all packages to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, Academy Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. 1895-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 125 Entomological Liter attar e. 1. THE AMERICAN NATURALIST. Philadelphia, February, 1895.— The philosophy of flower seasons and the phrenological relations of the ento- mophilous flora and the anthophilous insect fauna. C. Robertson, figs. Two new species of Lecanium from Brazil, T. I). A. Cockerell. — March, 1895. The classification of the Lepidoptera, Y. L. Kellogg. 2. REVUE BIOLOGIQUE DU NORD DE LA FRANCE. Lille, December, 1894. — Remarks on the organization and comparative anatomy of the latter segments of the body of the Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Hemip- tera (cont.), J. Peytoureau, figs., pis. 3. ARCHIVES DE ZOOLOGIE EXPERIMEXTALE ET GENERALE (3), ii, 1894, 4. Paris. — The venomous gland of Scolopendra, O. Duboscq. figs. On a marine Dipter of the genus Clunio Haliday, R. Chevrel. 4. MK. M<> I RES DE LA SOCIETE ZOOLOGIQUE DE FRANCE, vii. Pans, 1894 (extracts). — Studies on ants, fourth note : Pelodera in the pharyngeal glands of Formica ritfa L., C. Janet, figs; Seventh note: On the anatomy of the petiole of Myrmica rubra L., id., figs. 5. MEMOIRES DE LA SOCIETE ACADEMIQUE DE L'OISE, xv. Beauvais, 1894 (extract).— Studies on ants, fifth note : On the morphology of the skeleton of the post-thoracic segments in the Myrmicidse (Myrmica rubra L. female), C. Janet, figs. 6. CHRISTIANIA VIDENSKABS-SELSKABS FORHANDLINGER, 1893, No. 13 (received Feb. 19, 1895). — Catalogue of Norwegian Lepidoptera, YY. M. Schoyen. 7. BULLETIN DE L'ACADEMIE IMPERIALE DES SCIENCES DE ST. PETEKS- BOURG (v), ii, i, January, 1895.— Studies on the lymphatic system of in- sects and myriapods , A. O. Kowalevsky. 8. NOVITATES ZOOLOGIC.*:, ii, i, Tring (England), Feb. i, 1895. — De- scriptions of new species of Lampyridse in the Museum at Tring, E. Olivier. Notes on Saturnidte, W. Rothschild. 9. ALTERNATING GENERATIONS, A Biological Study of Oak Galls and Gall Flies. By Hermann Acller, M.D. Translated and edited by Charles R. Straton, Oxford. At the Clarendon Press, 1894, pp. xliii, 198, 3 pis. 10. TRANSMUTATION DER SCHMETTERLINGE infolge Temperaturander- ungen Experimentelle Untersuchungen iiber die Phylogenese der Yan- essen. Yon E. Fisher, cand. med. Zurich. Berlin, R. Friedliinder & Sohn, 1895, 36PP- IT. BULLETIN^. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station. —A plum scale in western New York. M. Y. Slingerland, figs. Ithaca, N. Y., 1894. 126 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April. 12. THE ENTOMOLOGIST'S RECORD, London, Feb. 15, 1895. — Address by the vice-president to the city of London Entomological and Natural History Society [the study of entomology, entomologists], J. W. Tutt. Catalogue of the Lepidopterous super-family Noctuidae found in Boreal America byj. B. Smith [a review],]. W. Tutt. — March ist. Notes on Aphomia socie/la, W. P. Blackburne-Maze, i pi. Generic names in the Noctuidae (cont.), A. R. Grote. The life-history of a Lepidopterous insect ; chap, v, the larva or caterpillar, J. W. Tutt. Discussion on the nature of certain colors (cont.), R. Freer, W. S. Riding. ApUrous females and winter emergence, E. F. Studd. 13. THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONIX IN, 1894, pt. v, Feb. 5, 1895. — President's address : The geographical distri- bution of butterflies, H. J. Elwes. 14. BULLETIN, No. 32. Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. Aus- tin, Texas, September, 1894. — [On some insects injurious to plums], R. H. Price, figs. 15. ANNALES DES SCIENCES NATURELLES, ZOOLOGIE (7), xix, i. Paris, 1895. — The glandular apparatus of the Hymenoptera (salivary glands, digestive tube, Malpighian tubes, venomous glands), L. Bordas, 4 pis. [That which is here published includes only the salivary glands]. 16. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, iii, 2, 3. — Notes on the discovery of a new Scolytid, with brief description of the species, A. D. Hopkins. [Jan. 7, 1895; author's extra.] Notes on the habits of certain Mycetophilids, with descriptions of Epidapiis scabiei, sp. nov., A. D. Hopkins, figs. [Feb. 13, 1895 ; author's extra.] 17. THE KANSAS UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY, iii, 3. Lawrence, Kans., January, 1895. — Cnephalia and its allies, W. A. Snow. A new species of Pelecocera, id. Exotic Tabanida?, S. W. Williston. American Platy- pezidae, ii, W. A. Snow. 18. GLI INSETTI E GLI UCCELLI considerati per se stessi e per i loro rapporti con 1'Agricoltura. Apelle Dei autore. Memoria presentata nelP Adunanza del Comizio Agrario del 29 Aprile, 1894. Siena, 1894. 19. PSYCHE. Cambridge, Mass., March, 1895 (received Feb. 28, 1895). -New North American Odonata, A. P. Morse. Description of some of the larval stages of Amphion nessus, C. G. Soule. Rhopalomera .rant hops sp. nov., S. W. Williston. 20. ENTOMOLOGISCHE NACHRICHTEN, xxi, 1-4. Berlin, January, Feb- ruary, 1895. — On grass galls, E. H. Riibsaamen, figs. Synonymic cata- logue of the European Sphecodinae, Anthreninae, Dr. V. Dalla-Torre and H. Friese. Supplementary note on Sphinx larvae, Dr. L. Glaser. 21. COMPTES RENDUS, L'ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES. Paris, Ft-b. 18, 1895. — On Vespa crabro L., oviposition ; preservation of heat in the nest, C. Janet, figs. 1 895.] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 127 22. MEMORIE BELLA R. ACCADEMIA DELLE SCIENZE DELL' ISTITUTO DI BOLOGNA (v), iii, 1893. — Monographic study of the genus Azteca Forel, C. Emery, 2 pis. 23. KNOWLEDGE. London, March i, 1895. — The intelligence of insects in relation to flowers, Rev. A. S. Wilson, figs. 24. BOLLETINO DEI MUSEI di Zoologia ed Anatomia comparata cl. R. Universita di Torino, No. 184, Sept. 30, 1894.— Voyage of Dr. Alfredo Borelli to the Argentine Republic and Paraguay : Orthoptera, Dr. E. Giglio-Tos.— 186, Oct. 25, 1894. Id. : Formicidce, C. Emery. 25. MEMOIRES DE LA SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE, i. Brus- sels, 1892.— Synonymic catalogue of the Buprestidse described from 1758 to 1890, C. Kerremans. [Received March 12, 1895]. 26. PROCEEDINGS AND TRANSACTIONS OF THE CROYDON MICROSCO- PICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY CLUB. Croydon, 1894.— The silk-worm disease ; its cause and prevention, A. B. Farn. 27. BULLETIN FROM THE LABORATORIES OF NATURAL HISTORY of the State University of Iowa, iii, i, 2. Iowa City, January, 1895.— Narrative and preliminary report of Bahama expedition, C. C. Nutting. 28. THIRTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE MASSACHUSETTS AGRI- CULTURAL COLLEGE for 1894. Boston, January, 1895.— A new greenhouse pest \_Orthezia insignis Doug.J, C. P. Lounsbury, 4 pis.— Report of Ento- mological division (received March 8, 1895). 29. SPECIAL BULLETIN, No. 2, OF THE WEST VIRGINIA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. — Forms of the so-called potato-scab caused by insects, A. D. Hopkins, figs. 30. BULLETIN, No. 37. University of Minnesota Agricultural Experi- ment Station. St. Anthony Park, Minn., December, 1894 (received March 12, 1895).— The Chinch-bug, O. Lugger, figs. 31. EIGHTEENTH REPORT of the State Entomologist on the Noxious and Beneficial Insects of the State of Illinois. Seventh report of S. A. Forbes. For the years 1891 and 1892. Springfield, 111., 1894 (received March 8, 1895). Insects injurious to Indian corn ; 165 pp., 15 pis. 32. THE JOURNAL OF THE CINCINNATI SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY, xvii, 4, January, 1895 (received March 8, 1895).— Catalogue of the ( )d<>- nata of Ohio, part i, D. S. Kellogg. 33. THL CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. London, Out., March, 1895 (re- ceived March 11). — Descriptions of some new species of Epipaschiinae and Phyciticke, G. D. Hulst. Canadian Coccida?,— iii, T. D. A. Cockerel!. Some new species of Robinsonia, \V. Schaus. Preliminary studies in Siphonaptera,— ii, C. F. Baker. Notes on some reared Hymenoptera, largely parasitic and chiefly from Ohio, F. M. Webster. The Coleoptera of Canada,— vii, H. F. Wickham, figs. New Hampshire Tenthredinidse, A. D. Macgillivray. In reply to Mr. Hulst, A. R. Grote. 128 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, 34. THE ENTOMOLOGIST'S MONTHLY MAGAZINE. London, March, 1895. — Further notes on the habits of Psyche mllosella Ochs., C. G. Bar- rett. Occurrence of Tinea vinculclla H.-S., at Portland, with notes on its life-history, N. M Richardson. Successful introduction of luimble bees into New South Wales, A. S. OH iff. AIenrodes proletella L. and A. brassica- Walk., a comparison, J. W. Douglas. RecenT experiments on the means of protection possessed by Abraxas grosstilariafa, \\ . F. H. Blandford. Note on a mass of cocoons of Aphomia sociella L., C. G. Barrett. Method of sugaring meadows, moors, mountain sides, etc., H. G. Knaggs. 35. THE ENTOMOLOGIST. L'.)ndon, March, [895. — On the causes of variation and aberration in the imago state of butterflies', withfstfg'gestions on the establishment of new species, Dr. M. Standfuss, transl. by F. A, Dixey, introductory note by F. Merrifield. Moth-adipocere, H. G. Knaggs. Jumping beans and jumping eggs, C. G. Bignell. 36. TRANSACTIONS OF THE CONNECTICUT ACADEMY, ix, pp. 400-429 July, 1894 (received March 8, 1895). — Canadian spiders, J. H. Emerton, 4 pis. 37. LE NATURALISTE CANADIEN. Chicoutimi, Quebec, February, 1895 (received March 8).— L'Abbe Provancher (cont), Abbe V. A. Huard. Coloration in Lepidoptera, Abbe P. A. Begin. 38. DEUTSCHE ENTOMOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT, 1894, Erstes Lepidop- terologisches Heft. Berlin, July 14, 1894. — High Andine Lepidoptera, Dr. O. Staudinger, 2 pis. Palaearctic genera of Lasiocampidae, Striphnop- terygidae and Megalopygida;, Dr. C. Aurivillius, 2 pis.— Zweites Lepidop- terologisches Heft, Jan. 5, 1895. On the capture and habits of the chief butterflies of the Amazon Valley, O. Michael. [Both parts received March 1 1, 1895.] 39. THE, NATURALISTS' JOURNAL. London, March, 1895. — Pupa hunt- ing (cont.), H. G. Knaggs, figs. Insects that feed on shrubs, S. L. Mosley. Beetles in a timber yard, R. J. Thomson. 40. ANNALES DE LA SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE, xxxix, 2. Brussels, Feb. 28, 1895 (received March 14, 1895). — New contribution to the study of the Lathridinse, M. J. Belon. 41. The appearance of the seventh part of "Monographic der mit Nysson und Bembex werwandten Grabwespen," * by Anton Handlirsh, completes one of the most important and useful works relating to the Hymenoptera published in recent years. This last part relates entirely to the genus Bembe.r, which, as the author states, is the most difficult and the richest in species in the entire group, his paper containing descriptions of 118 species which he has personally * Sitzungsb. d. k. Akad. d. Wissensch., Wien, Math.-natunv. Classe, cii, Bd, Abtli., i, pp. 657 et. seq. 1895-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 129 examined, more than half of which are brought to light for the first time, and 35 species unidentified. The biology of a number of the species is dwelt on at length, comparisons being made with the habits of many other fossorial wasps ; and a chapter is devoted to the phylogeny and systematic remarks, and another to the geographical distribution. Coming to the systematic part of the work, we find the species divided into two grand divisions, — the Bembeces genuinse, consisting of the greater num- ber of the species, and the Bembeces aberrantes ; and the species are further divided into 39 minor groups. The author finds that Cresson confused two species in describing Belfragei, and in separating the two has named both, thus erecting a new name for Belftagei, which it appears he was unable to identify from Cresson's description. Another change is the substitution of the name spinolce Lepelitier for fasciata, under which head American students had known our common species, because the author believes it impossible to identify fa&fasciata of Fabricius from the description, as it is applicable to several other species. The advisibility of this modification is to be doubted, inasmuch as the form which we regarded as fasciata has probably more right to the name than any of the allied ones ; and as Fabricius' name cannot be dropped, • unless proven a synonym, it is more advantageous by far to assign some form to it, fitting the description, than to increase the already too large list of unidentified species of the old authors, which will no doubt never be determined. The author is to be congratulated on the completion of such a valuable contribution to hymenopterology, — W. J. F. 42. We have just received from the authors a copy of an important con- tribution to the literature of West Indian Hymenoptera, the " Report upon the Parasitic Hymenoptera of the Island of St. Vincent," by C. V. Riley, William H. Ashmead and L. O. Howard, printed in the Linnean Society's Journal, vol. xxv. The work is based on the material collected for the West India Committee by Mr. Herbert H. Smith, whose energy as a collector has been well attested by his previous labors in Brazil. Prof. Riley contributes the introduction and a list of the previously described Parasitica of the island, which is followed by Part i of Mr. Ashmead's paper, this being succeeded by Mr. Howard's report on part of the Chalcididae. Part 2 of Mr. Ashmead's report concludes the work, which includes no less than 254 pages, in which 6 new genera and 299 IH-W species are described. Prof. Riley hopes soon to publish a supplementary paper containing the Microgasterince and the Eupelminae. — W. |. F. INDEX TO THE PRECEDING LITERATURE. The number after each author's name in this index refers to the journal, as numbered in the preceding literature, in which that author's paper was published ; * denotes that the paper in question contains descriptions of new North American forms. THE GENERAL SUBJECT. Robertson r, Peytoureau 2, Kowalevsky 7, Tutt 12, Freer 12, Riding 12, Dei 1 8, Riibsaamen 20, Wilson 23, Xutting 27, Forbes 31, Knaggs 34, Huard 37, Mosley 39. 130 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, MYRIOPODA. Duboscq 3. ARACHNIDA. Emerton 36*. ORTHOPTERA. Giglio-Tos 24. NEUROPTERA. Morse 19-', Kellogg 32*. HEMIPTERA. Cockerel! i, 33, Peytoureau 2, Slingerland u, Price 14, Lounsbury 28, Lugger 30, Douglas 34. COLEOPTERA. Peytoureau 2, Olivier 8*, Price 14, Hopkins 16 (two),* 29, Kerremans 25, Wickham 33, Thomson 39, Belon 40.* DIPTERA. Chevrel 3, Hopkins 16*, Snow 17* (three), Williston 17, 19,* Baker 33*. LEPIDOPTERA. Kellogg i, Peytoureau 2, Schoyen 6, Rothschild 8*, Fisher 10, Tutt 12 (two), Elwes 13, Blackburne-Maze 12, Grote 12, Studd 12, Soule 19, Glaser 20, Farn 26, Hulst 33*, Schaus 33*, Barrett 34 (two), Richardson 34, Blandford 34, Standfuss, etc., 35, Knaggs 35, 39, Bignell 35, Begin 37, Staudinger 38, Aurivillius 38, Michael 38. HYMENOPTERA. Janet 4 (two), 5, 21, Adler 9, Bordas 15, Dalla-Torre and Friese 20, Handlirsch 41*, Emery 22*, 24, Webster 33, Macgillivray 33":'r, Olliff34, Riley, etc., 42*. Doings of Societies. MARCH 12, 1895. A stated meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social was held at the residence of Mr. H. W. Wenzel, No. 1509 South Thirteenth Street. Members present : Messrs. Bland, Dr. Griffith, Dr. Castle, E. Wenzel, Trescher, Fox, Hoyer, Seeber, Boerner, Johnson, H. W. Wenzel, and Smitz. Honorary member : Prof. John B. Smith. Visitor : Levi W. Mengel, of Reading, Pa. Meeting called to order at 8.50 P.M., president Bland presiding. Prof. Smith exhibited a number of interesting photo- graphic prints, the result of some of his recent experiments in that line, his object being to obtain fac-similes from originals for the purpose of photo-engraving, correct reproductions being impossible through the art ISQ5-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 131 of sketching. Among these were a number of prints showing the bur- rows made by Scolytus rugulosus in apple wood, being so arranged as to show the different stages of the life of these insects. These were the best reproductions the members had ever seen, and the professor attributes his success partly to the use of aristo-platinotype paper and the double toning process. These beetles, he said, first burrow one central gallery and then make small lateral chambers at intervals, laying three or four eggs in each, feeding after every deposit, and repeating this work until a beetle has oviposited five or six times its bulk in eggs during a lifetime. Mr. H. \V. Wenzel exhibited some interesting Coleoptera from Utah, also stating that Anthonomus sycophantus and A. scntcllatus had been cap- tured very commonly on willow in the Orange Mountains, N. J., last Summer. It was unanimously resolved that a vote of thanks be extended to Dr. Skinner for the royal manner in which he entertained the social at its List meeting. No further business being presented, the meeting adjourned to the annex at 10.30. THEO. H. SCHMITZ, Secretary. Tne Entomological Section ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. PROCEEDINGS OF MEETINGS. The following papers were read and accepted by the Committee for publication in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS : A NEW VOLUCELLA FROM WASHINGTON. By D. W. COQUILLETT, Washington, D. C. Among an interesting lot of Diptera received from Prof. O. B. Johnson for naming, was a pair of specimens belonging to the Syrphid genus Volucella ; a careful comparison with the existing descriptions indicates that the species is a new one, and it is therefore duly characterized below. Each of these specimens has the marginal cells of the wings open, and the species would therefore belong to the genus Phalacromyia Rondani, but in the recent paper by E. Giglion-Tos (Ditteri del Messico, Part I) this is merged into Volucclla, since he found that the character of the opened or closed marginal cell varies in the different specimens belonging to the same species. 132 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April. Volucella kincaidiin. sp. $. — Black, thescutellum dark fulvous, halteres brownish. Eyes black pilose, that on the lower part reddish; front, cheeks and occiput reddish pilose, that on the face black ; face on upper two-thirds straight, the lower third much retreating and concave ; upper two-thirds of face in the middle gray pollinose, the remaining surface sub- shining; proboscis much shorter than either front femur. Thorax sub- opaque, reddish pilose, its posterior half and a broad stripe on upper edge of pleura black pilose; scutellum convex, rounded behind, destitute of a transverse impression and of bristles, its pile mixed yellowish and black. Abdomen opague velvety, with the exception of the base of the third segment and the whole of the two following, which are shining excepting an indistinct subopaque fascia beyond the middle of the fourth; pile of abdomen reddish yellow; hind femora more slender than the others, hind tibiae arcuate; pile of hind femora and on bases of the others reddish yellow, that toward the apices of the latter largely black; hind tibia; quite densely ciliate on the inner and outer sides with rather short hairs, those on the inner side the longest, being slightly longer than the transverse diameter of the tibia. Wings hyaline, apex of subcostal cell brown, a brown fascia extends from base of submarginal cell to posterior end of cross-vein at apex of second basal cell; a brown cloud on the small cross- vein; marginal cell open; calypteres yellowish. 9. — Same is the rf1 with these exceptions: Face not pollinose, except- ing- on the sides, its pile yellowish: front subshining, at its middle is a transverse impression extending from eye to eye and more densely punc, tured than the remaining surface; pile of thorax, pleura, scutellum- abdcmen and legs yellow. Length 12-14 nim. Olympia, Washington. A single male and female collected by Mr. Trevor Kincaid, after whom it gives me pleasure to name this interesting species. OBITUARY. HANS DANIEL JOHAN WALLENGREN, the well-known entomologist, died Oct. 24, 1894, at Farhult, Sweden, aged 72 years. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS for March, was mailed March i, 1895. ENT. NEWS, Vol. VI. PI. VI. y. COLEOPTEROUS LARV/E (Wickham). See page 168. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS AND PROCEEDINGS OE THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION, ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. VOL. vi. MAY, 1895. No. 5. CONTENTS: Slosson — Collecting at. Lake Worth 133 Maywood — The assembling of the Ce- cropiamoth 136 Lembert — Food Plants 137 Lugger — A case of mimicry 138 Schaus — Some Notes on American 141 Albright — California Lepidoptera 144 Editorial 151 Economic Entomology 153 Notes and News 157 Entomological Literature 159 Doings of Societies 165 Entomological Section 166 Holland— Two new African Lycasnids.. 166 Wickham— On the Larvae of Hydro- Popular Entomology 145 charis obtusatus and Silpha surina- Kunze — Cocoon mimicry 147 niensis 168 COLLECTING AT LAKE WORTH, FLA. By ANNIE TRUMBULL SLOSSON. I reached Palm Beach on the east side of Lake Worth on December 3ist, a few days after the first great " freeze" of this strange, cold Winter. Of course even in South Florida, where the temperature is generally so uniform throughout the year, there is a season of rest for both plant and insect life. And the Winter months — the dry season — show a great lessening of the number of insects. But for several years I have collected in Florida through January and February, and have never seen as little insect life as in the Winter months of this year of 1895. Still in the two weeks of my stay at the Lake I found some rare and interesting things. There was very little in the way of Le- pidoptera. In the spots where last March the air was full of fluttering wings and gay with bright tints of butterflies and day moths, there was now scarcely a sign of life or motion. The flowers around which they then flitted and hovered were dead, the vines, shrubs and trees dry and leafless. I saw one Callid- ryas agarithe only, where last season the place was all golden with their waving wings; I took one Heliconia charitonia, and a 134 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, pair of Pieris ilaire. I was also so very fortunate as to capture one more specimen of the rare little beauty, Thecla acis, of which I found a pair last year. The only butterfly which was at all common was a little blue Lyctzna,— I think it is L. ammon — which was flying about the few and rare blossoms near the beach. Near the hotel a white bur marigold {Bidens leucantha) had escaped the fros.t, and was in bloom everywhere, looking much like our commo^ dai.^y or white weed of the North. Probably because it was one of the very few plants in flower this proved exceedingly attractive to Hymenoptera and Diptera. The brilliant carpenter bee, Xylocopa micans, always common here, boomed and buzzed about these blossoms, a few bumble bees (B. pennsyhanicus and B. americanoruni) came to them at times, and Melii>sodes bimacu- lata, one or two species of Augochlora and Agapostemon flitted about them. Here, too, I captured two specimens of a tropical insect, Elis tricinda, never before recorded as found in the United States. A handsome Ccelioxys, black and red was taken here and is probably either a new species or West Indian. Upon one or two lime trees there were a few blossoms left untouched by the frost, and around these were always flying wasps and hornets. A Vespa — V. cuneata, I think — Polybiacubensis, and two or three species of Polistes, were common here. And Zethus slossontz Fox was very abundant. I took some twenty specimens of this one morning, and among them found Eumenes smithii, which, from its coloration and superficial resemblance, I had mistaken for the Zethus. But one day moth, I think, was seen here, a pretty fellow I had never before found. It is, I suppose, the Deiopcia aurea Fitch, afterward described by Clemens as Poe- ciloptera compta, and called by Prof. Smith, in his check list, Oeta aiirea Fitch. I am not sure of this synonymy, as I am away from my library. It is a showy insect, though small, with fore wings of shining orange, marked with bluish-black patches containing yellow spots; hind wings dark, semi-hyaline. I took several specimens of this moth. Composia fidelissima was not seen at all. There were no night moths, or almost none, two or three microlepidoptera and one small geometer, that was all, I think. Of Coleoptera I found some forty species in the two weeks of my stay. Of these over twenty were not included in Dr. Hamilton's list of Lake Worth Coleoptera ("Can. Ent. " xxvi, 250) nor in my additional list ("Can. Ent." xxvii, 9). 1 895.] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 135 Many of these beetles were found apparently hybernating under bark, boards or rubbish, and were quite torpid. The species most common here last season were not found at all, or in very small numbers. The little Anthicid, Mecynotarsus elegans, so very abundant on the hot white sand near the ocean last year was scarce and hard to find; I saw none at all untiLa few days before I came away, when I secured a few. The large "whitish green weevil, Pachnaus dislans, was taken hybernating u*der the fibrous sheaths of the leaves of cocoanut palms. Artipusflondanus was found in same situations. But my most interesting work in beetle hunting was done by dredging. Much of the land here is drained for cultivation by ditches in which the water (brackish) always stands at about the level of hightide in the sea. In these, with a very roughly improvised net made of a piece of muslin sewed to an awkwardly bent bit of iron wire whose twisted ends made the only handle I could contrive, I dredged with much success. I took in this way thirteen species, some common, some rare. Among them were Rhantus calidus, Bidessus exig- uus< Coptotomus obscurus, Berosus striatus and Canthydrus gib- bulus. Perhaps the most abundant was Hydrophilus nimbatus. There was one handsome Thermonectes, which Mr. Liebeck labels ornaticollis? On the ocean beach I found a few specimens of Phaleria longula, and P. picipes under timber or seaweed, but they were not common. In same situation I found one P&dems floridanus and several specimens of Aleochara sp. Flying along the sand in the hot sunshine I took, one day, two specimens of Pompilus juxta, a pretty black and red sand- wasp, not hitherto recorded from the United States. I saw very few larvae of any kind. Three or four caterpillars, evidently Ecpantheria scribonia were found torpid under boards. In the trunk of a cocoanut tree, in a sort of cocoon made by hollowing out a cell, and lining it with silk mixed with bits of wood as fine as sawdust, I found a whitish, grub like larva. I cut out the piece of wood containing the cocoon and took it home. I dared not examine the larva very closely for fear of disturbing it. Its general color was sordid white and it had inconspicuous tubercles each bearing a fine, short hair. It left its old cell and constructed a fresh one in the same piece of wood. There it remained, alive, but without food as far as I could judge, for two weeks. Then it pupated, and at the expiration of three weeks more, there emerged a fine, perfect 136 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, specimen of Litoprosopus futilis. This moth I have never taken except at Rockledge, on the Indian River, where it is not uncom- mon. But it has been found by others in various parts of South Florida. I do not know whether its life-history has been recorded. -o- THE ASSEMBLING OF THE CECROPIA MOTH. By O. S. WESTCOTT, Maywood, 111. This is a somewhat hackneyed topic, but an experience of mine last Summer is possibly worthy of record. In the Spring of 1894 I collected a large number of Cocropia cocoons, from which the moths began to emerge early in June. On the night of June 9, 1894, I left one female in a cage made of wire gauze. On the morning of the loth I found thirty-six males about the cage. On the night of the roth I left two females in the cage, but on the morning of the nth there were but seven males near it. The weather was oppressively warm, but other- wise the climatic conditions were not noticeably different. On the night of the nth I left five females in the cage. On the morning of the i2th there were eighty-one males at the cage. Two of these were wrapped in what was apparently a loving, if not conjugal, embrace. I placed them in a cage by themselves and they remained in coitit (etymologically speaking) the entire day. On the night of the i2th I placed six females in the cage. When I looked out of an upper window early on the morning of the 1 3th there was a cloud of Cecropias on and about the cage and extending from it for several feet in every direction, which re- minded me at once of the only flight of Danais archippus it has been my good fortune to see. When I once took seven archippus at one sweep of an insect net, I thought Lepidoptera were just then abundant, but the present experience was even more striking. A cat was amusing herself in striking down and devouring some of the most active ones, leaving, however, the wings. Many were flying away, but the number remaining when I came to count them was two hundred and eighteen. Of these there were five pairs in coitu (/). All, however, were males. On the morning of the I2th a robin was busy among them, but the cat had evidently made way with more than a score. 1895-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 137 Whether cats and robins eat moths extensively or not is per- haps not proven, but every one knows that woodpeckers fre- quently pierce the cocoons ; and two pet squirrels belonging to my nearest neighbor ate, with avidity, all with which I supplied them. Thus in four days I had toled to my cage three hundred and forty-two and more males of this well-known insect. I trust by destroying this number that there will be an appreciable diminu- tion of its numbers in my immediate vicinity the coming season. NOTE. — Dr. Westcott's mention of the cat feeding upon the Cecropias reminds me of a fact which I have never placed on record, but which has probably been noted by others. Some years ago I visited an uncle in Springfield, 111., and attached to his house was a large garden filled with flowers of many kinds. Among others a bed of Petunias in full bloom attracted my attention, and I concluded to ascertain what Sphinges came there that evening. When I took my stand I found the house cat quietly crouched close to a cluster of the largest and most attractive flowers ; but concluded not to disturb her. Soon a Sphinx Carolina made its advent and began feeding near the cat, which, to my surprise, was now all alert. Suddenly there was a quick stroke of the paw and a short jump, and mistress cat leisurely devoured her capture, first tearing away the wings. She caught more moths than I did that evening, and I was informed that this was a nightly habit of Pussy's.— J. B. SMITH. -o- FOOD-PLANTS. By J. B. LEMBERT. I have observed the following species of Lepidoptera oviposit in the Yosemite National Park during the year 1894 : Annaphila decia oviposits on the underside of the leaves of Enanus douglasii on February 26th. Anthocharis reakirtii, March ?9th, on the stalk of Thysanocarpus pusillus. A. sara, April 1 3th, on the stalk of Thysanocarpus pusillus, Nisioniades per sins, Trifolium ciliatum and other species Melitcza baroni, April 9th, Collinsia torrcya on the underside of the leaves in two lines or rows, one always having one or two more eggs than the other row. Tliecla dumetorum, April gth, in the heart of the "unopened, dense flower heads of Hosackia argophylla. Eu- clidia, cuspidea April i3th, on dried stalks in twos and threes to the number of eight or nine near the preferred food-plants, Lupinus 138 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, chamisorus. Kodiosoma, April 8th, on Trifolium dliatum, Esc- holzia epeciodes. Gillia achill